• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 1996

The content of reducing sugars and sucroses was increased by cold- and PA-treatment in cotyledons of spring radish. But in cotyledons of fall radish, the content of reducing sugars, and sucroses was increased by cold treatment but was not increased by cold- and PA-treatment. Total free amino acids in cotyledons of spring radish were increased by cold treatment, but were not increased in cotyledons of fall radish. The results show that cold sensitive spring radishes were adapted by regulating of cellular osmosis and show that the physiological and biochemical metabolism of spring radish was much different from the fall radish. We report first that polyamine has synergetic effect with cold stress on cotyledons of spring radish, but not on cotyledons of fall radish.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.571-581
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• 2011

This study develops a mid-term preceding observation model of radish to complement an existing short-term agricultural observation model. The first purpose of the study is to extend a three seasonal classification(spring, summer, fall) of fruit-vegetables to a four seasonal classification that involves the winter additionally. This allows us to verify the reason for demand and supply unbalance and unstable price of radish. The second purpose is to construct a mid-term preceding observation model that would be used to forecast planted areas, output, monthly shipment and price. To achieve these purposes, several multiple regression models are estimated. A system is consisted of a planted areas equation, a yield equation, monthly shipment distribution equation, and monthly price equation. To calculate output an auxiliary equation is involved in the system and the consumer price index etc are considered as exogenous variables.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.284-298
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• 2006

This study aimed at defining radish cultivars to a best cooking usage based on their physiochemical and textural characteristics of Nabakkimchi. Baekkwang, Daeburyong, Chungwoon and Taebaek were used as four types of radish cultivars. Nabakkimchi was stored at $8^{\circ}C$ either after fermentation for 12 hours at $25^{\circ}C$(A group) or without preliminary fermentation(B group). As storage period went by, lightness was decreased. Haziness of liquid showed sudden increase at preliminary fermentation in group A, while it increased between the third day and fifth day in group B. Hardness of 'Fall season' type was relatively high after storage. pH was suddenly decreased on the second day in A group and on the fifth day in B group. Acidity was suddenly increased on the second day in A group and since the third day at B group. As a result of sensory evaluation, Chungwoon stored for 2 days after preliminary fermentation was the best variety.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2000

Leather processing sludge were amended in sandy loam soil successively to investigate effects on soil properties and radish crop. Total nitrogen concentration of the sludge was $60\;g\;kg^{-1}$, and chromium was $9,048\;mg\;kg^{-1}$. Sludges were treated twice each year for 4 year, and the soils were mixed with sludge to give mixtures equivalent to sludge application rates of 12.5, 25 and $50\;Mg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ in dry matter. Chemical fertilizers $(N-P-K\;:\;280-59-154\;kg\;ha^{-1})$ used as a control. All treated soils were croped to altari and kimjang radish in spring and fall respectively. Organic matter and Cr content in soils were increased with input rate and years of successive application of leather processing sludge, while phosphorous and potassium contents were decreased. Yields of the first harvested altari grown in sludge treated pots were less than control. In the other hand, yields of the first kimjang radish were more than control in proportion with sludge input rates until third year fall. But in fourth year, all sludge treated pot was much less than control in radish yield. Chromium contents of radish in treated soil increased and Cr contents in leaves of radish were higher than roots. Leather processing sludge was considered a potential hazardous resource to soil and crops when it use continuously, because it has high Cr concentration.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.179-189
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• 1991

The limit sowing time and the growth of radish cultivated in late fall were studied in relation to the effects of varieties and polyethylene film mulching. The root weight of Dehyung-Chusuk radish sowing in September 8th in Suwon was 520g but 718g in mulched plot. In Pusan the root weight of radish sowing on September 16th and harvested on November 23rd was 655g in Bekkyung and 813g in Dehyung-Chusuk variety, but more than 1000g in mulched plots of two varieties all. The effect of mulching was higher in Dehyung-Chusuk than in Bekkyung. The experimental results of Altari varieties will be recommandable in limit sowing time as around September 14th in mid-northern area and around September 18th in mid-southern area. Chonggak Altari was better than Chammat Altari in root formatiion. Two varieties all revealed good growth in the plots of sowing on September 26th in Pusan.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2014

Objective : Jeol-sik, (festive seasons every 15 days based on sun cycle), refers to both Korean Traditional Festival food(jeol-sik), intertwined between months, and in-season meals(si-jeol-sik) in which the ingredients used are produced in each and one of the four season. I found that ingredients in Si-jeol-sik of Autumn are helpful for strengthening one's life force. Method : The study found that si-jeol sik for fall season has strong characteristic of casting out demons. When making songpyeon(half-moon-shaped rice cake) for Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiviing Day), they are steamed with pine needs spreaded underneath because pine needles are believed to have power in casting away evil spirits. For harvest ceremony, which were frequently held in October, people consumed steamed rice cakes garnished with red beans, which were considered to negate bad fortunes. Result : To prevent respiratory diseases caught esaily in fall due to wide daily temperature difference and dry weather, white good ingredients such as radish, pear, and taro are used. Conclusion : Main fall holidays are Chil-soek, Baek-Jung, Chu-seok. The best feature of Si-jeol-sik for fall season is that they cast out demons. Also, fall si-jeol-sik consist of many white ingredients for protecting lungs.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.346-350
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• 2000

Boiling stable proteins of 53 kDa and 29 kDa existed natively in the cotyledons of Bak Kyoung, fall radish (Raphanus raphanistrodes L.) Boiling stable proteins of 36 kDa and 16.5 kDa were newly induced by cold stress and the proteins of 53 kDa and 29 kDa increased during the cold stress. The proteins of 53 kDa were denatured within 2 hrs after removing cotyledons from plants. Boiling stable proteins of 53 kDa existed natively in the hypocotyls as much as in the cotyledons whereas 24 kDa and 18 kDa proteins were increased by stress. Boiling stable proteins of 53 kDa were induced and those of the 25 kDa and 23 kDa were increased by cold treatment and ABA treatment in the cotyledons of Jangchundaehyung F1 spring white (Raphanus raphanistrodes L.). These results showed the differences of induced boiling stable proteins between fall radishes and spring radishes. Cycloheximide inhibited the induction of 25 kDa and 23 kDa proteins during stress. 22 kDa native protein disappeared during ABA treatment and reappeared by cycloheximide treatments. It may be explained that cycloheximide was responsible for the destruction process of proteins in the living organisms. The profile of boiling stable proteins in hypocotyls of spring radishes during stress was same as that of fall redishes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.216-221
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• 2002

물리적 스트레스는 식물의 성장과 형태형성 반응에 커다란 영향을 미치는데 14일 동안의 Brushing은 무의 기근율을 감소시켰고, 그 결과 타원형의 품질의 우수한 Radish root을 생산할 수 있었다(Latimer 1991). 그 외에도 상치, Cauliflower celery 묘의 내서성을 향상시킬 뿐아니라, 감자의 생체중과 건물중을 감소시킨다는 보고도 있다(Akers and Mithchell, 1985). (중략)

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2016

Quality factors which characterize 11 kinds of farm-manufactured apple Jangachi and commercial Jangachi, have been studied in order to provide a guideline to improve the quality and marketing strategy of farm-manufactured pickled apples. Moisture content ranged from 74% to 84% and 81% to 91% in Doenjang Jangachi and vinegar Jangachi, respectively; 38% to 64% in Kochujang Jangachi; 57% to 64% in radish Kochujang Jangachi. Moisture content was 89% in Doenjang Jangachi. Even though moisture content of apple Kochujang Jangachi indicated 48% which is lower than that of radish Jangachi, it was higher than that of a persimmon pickled in Kochujang (38%) and that of Japanese apricot Jangachi (49%). pH and titratable acidity, two indicators used to determine the appropriate ripening period of Jangachi, were pH 3.4~5.6, 0.03~0.14%, respectively. The pH ranged from 5.2 to 5.6 in radish Jangachi; 3.4 to 4.1 in Cucumber Jangachi. pH of persimmon Jangachi, Japanese apricot Jangachi and apple Jangachi showed 4.1, 3.5 and 4.1, respectively. Compared with the pH of traditional Jangachi (3.03~5.36), pH of all of the above Jangachi fall into an appropriate range. The brix of apple Jangachi (30%) was 12% to 18% higher than that of Kochujang radish Jangachi, but it was relatively lower than that of persimmon Jangachi (39%) and that of Japanese apricot Jangachi (49%). Salinity of Jangachi varied depending on which marinating material was used. Salinity in the descending order according to each marinating material demonstrated Kanjang (6% to 13%), Doenjang (7%), Kochujang (3% to 4%). Salinity of apple Jangachi was 3.28% which was relatively lower than that of commercial Jangachi which used either Kanjang or Doenjang as its marinating material. Chromaticity test shows that the brightness value of apple Jangachi (54.70) was similar to that of cucumber Jangachi (50.86, 56.02); the redness value and yellowness of apple Jangachi (16.21 and 26.78) were higher than the redness value (7.27 to 11.23) and the yellowness value (10.62 to 14.69) of radish Kochujang Jangachi. Sensory Characteristics value of apple Jangachi, along with radish and cucumber Jangachi in its color, odor and taste (7.00, 7.50, 7.00, respectively) placed high on the list implying higher preference. However, overall preference value of apple Jangachi was 6.83 which was lower than that of Japanese apricot Jangachi or that of radish Jangachi. The result can be explained by the tendency of people preferring crispy Jangachi and points out that the texture of apple Jangachi needs to be improved to gain popularity. Furthermore, for increased sales of apple Jangachi as a niche product, more rigorous market testing is required.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.543-548
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• 2012

Morphological characters of Baemoochae, xBrassicoraphanus are mostly intermedium of the both parents, Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis and radish, Raphanus sativus. The upper and lower parts of the leaf resemble the shape of Chinese cabbage and radish, respectively. The midrib of the leaf is round like to that of radish, but very big more than 3 cm in diameter and white in color like that of Chinese cabbage. The root was changed from the swollen type like that of radish to the enlarged taproot like that of the land race of Chinese cabbage after attaining genetical stability. The flower is white. The seed pod is divided into 2 different parts; the upper part is radish and about 4 cm in length and holds 3-4 seeds and the lower part is Chinese cabbage and about 3 cm in length and holds 7-8 seeds. The color of seed is brown, weight per 1.000 seeds is 5.5 g and the number of seeds per mL is 120. The matured plant in the fall season is around 5 kg in weight and outer leaves are very vigorous and stiffly and inner leaves are erect and form a loose head. The leaf and the root contain a high level of sulforaphene which is well known as a functional substance for anti-cancer and anti-super-bacteria. Baemoochae is an amphidiploid and does not have the self incompatibility function. It has a high level of cross compatibility with Chinese cabbage as the female parent, but not the male parent. It is cross incompatible to cabbage, B. oleracea, black mustard, B. nigra and radish. However it is highly compatible to oil seed rape, B. napus, yellow mustard, B. carinata and partial compatible to muatard, B. juncea in the reciprocal cross.