• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.59-79
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between consumer 's self - determination psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relevance) related to fair trade and brand equity related to fair trade products through empirical analysis. It is meaningful that it is linked to strategic brand management based on consumer need satisfaction. As a result of empirical analysis of this study, Fair Trade attitude plays an important role in the relationship between self - determination psychological desire and brand equity. Especially, Consumer need Satisfaction with competence was found to be a strategically important construct. Based on the results of this study, it is expected to provide important implications for future strategic management of brand equity related to Fair Trade products.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.283-297
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• 2018

This research focuses on the perceived marketplace influence(PMI: A belief that recognizes the effect that an individual's actions will have on the behavior of other consumers in the market and thus drives them to act on fair trade consumption) of consumers who may act as a more fundamental explanatory alternative to the gap in attitudes and behaviors of fair trade products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between consumer's self - determination psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relevance), influence (personal influence, market influence), and the assets of fair trade products. As a result of the empirical analysis, it was found that among the major psychological needs related to self-determination, the variables other than competence and the perceived influence relations of consumers can be directly formed, and the perceived consumer effectiveness(PCE) has a positive influence on perceived marketplace influence(PMI). It is also found that the perceived influence of consumers(PCE, PMI) has an influence on the consumers' perceived equity of Fair Trade products. The results of this study will provide an opportunity to theoretically explain the gap between consumers' attitudes and behaviors of Fair Trade products, which is a part of ethical consumption, and provide important implications for the establishment of marketing strategies.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 2017

The purpose of this research was to develop a typology of fair-trade apparel consumers and present a clear overview of the influence of product knowledge on consumer behaviors. A two-step cluster analysis was used to classify respondents into sub-groups based on their level of self-perceived knowledge and purchase experience. In addition, ANOVA was used to test the predictive validity of the cluster solution. Income was the only demographic variable that significantly differed across groups. The more familiar and more experienced group had higher income than the other groups. Psychographic data showed that attitudes and moral norms varied across groups. The more familiar and more experienced group had more positive attitudes and higher level of moral norms than the less familiar and less experienced group. In terms of behavioristic data, groups differed significantly in purchase intentions and willingness to pay more for fair-trade apparel. That is, the more familiar and more experienced group was willing to pay more and had higher purchase intentions than the less familiar and less experienced group. Overall, the level of product knowledge and purchase experience were considerably low. This study thus confirmed the need to increase consumers' familiarity related to fair-trade apparel products.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 2001

Exhibit space is result that various kinds works of architecture design, interior design, plan and control of exhibit program, embodiment to display space, operation and administration etc. are formed accomplishing creation. Because exhibit space must consider interaction of value that is in dwelled along with the external form about human and exhibits. Therefore, display space of exhibition must achieve functional role that can accomplish communication with spectator as well as function as place that possess products of accumulative value. Therefore, we must establish effective communication plan by position and form of display space as well as properly of exhibits, display contents, exhibit program to achieve purpose of trade fair display. Display space of trade fair can be classed by wall style, corner style, head style, island style, two entrance style 5 according to the position. And we must plan communication plan by these position dividing the function to passive communication area, active communication area, intensive communication area, function achievement area. We will can grope contents and method for successful exhibit through communication plan that is connected form and position of exhibit between exhibit space of such trade fair and we may achieve purpose of trade fair display.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.291-305
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the consumer responses such as willingness to pay premium and purchasing cost for fair trade coffee as an ethical product while considering the treatment effect of consumer knowledge. First, the levels of consumer knowledge, willingness to pay premium and purchasing cost were presented. Then, the influencing factors on willingness to pay premium and purchasing cost of fair trade coffee were analyzed by applying the treatment effect model. From the results, first, the level of willingness to pay premium was high and consumers having purchasing experience of fair trade coffee spent 9,923 won at once, while less than half of the consumers knew the fair trade coffee. Second, consumer knowledge, ethical judgement, perception of price value, education level and pocket money significantly influenced to willingness to pay premium, while consumer knowledge, information evaluation, importance of fair trade criteria and level of education significantly influenced to purchasing cost for fair trade coffee. Especially, consumer knowledge of fair trade coffee was an important influencing factor for willingness to pay premium and purchasing cost indirectly as well as directly. Thus, this study might provide some useful information for consumers to choose the ethical behavior and the related companies to create effective promoting strategies for ethical products.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to discuss success factors behind ATO distribution channels by examining successful partnerships between producers and alternative trading organizations (ATOs). Research design, data, and methodology - This is a case study, an analytical approach, which illustrates how the partnership between producers and ATOs has strengthened the fair trade and the performance of participants in the trade based on the example of the trading relationship between Beautiful Coffee, an alternative trading organization dealing coffee related products, and the coffee cooperative union (CCU), a coffee producing cooperative in Gulmi, Nepal. Results - Beautiful Coffee in the partnership with HELVETAS empowered small coffee farmers by a successful institutionalization of CCU that consolidated the distribution channel to be more efficient. Also, Beautiful Coffee and its partnership with KOICA have tried to increase productivity and quality of coffee beans. Conclusions - The case of Beautiful Coffee demonstrates that the partnership between producers and alternative trading organizations (ATOs) has benefited the fair trade partners. In other words, Beautiful Coffee's partnerships with a NGO working in the local producing area, HELVETAS, and a government aid agency, KOICA could strengthen the relationship between the producers and the ATO, and thus contributes to the whole distribution channel.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.55-60
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• 2012

Purpose - This study aims to suggest policy directions for small retail markets in Korea by statistical analysis, which would help small retailers who are facing various difficulties. Research design, data, methodology - This study diagnoses the problems faced by small retail industries in Korea based on government statistics. In addition, this study identifies three areas for successful collaboration between the SSMs and traditional markets-information distribution, products, and fair trade. Results - This study makes three recommendations-information distribution, products, and fair trade. This includes activation of the existing mutual collaboration efforts, channels, CSR report writing and publicity, ethical management cooperation seminars, contract systems of no return, establishment of staff outsourcing standards, and support for suppliers' organizations. Conclusions - Our suggestions for a collaborative system (based on the three suggestions) show that collaboration rather than confrontation between large and small markets can lead to a sales increase of 2,258.2 billion Won, which is equivalent to the sales loss in 11 traditional markets in one year in Busan.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1047-1062
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• 2009

Nowadays, ethical consumers are increasing and they consider social values such as worker's human rights, environment and animal's welfare as key criteria in purchasing products. This study focused on the academic and practical research of ethical consumption, in which the needs and interests are now growing globally. This study addressed the concept, trend and practices of ethical consumption as well as seeking methods to support and promote ethical consumption. It examined the concept and types of ethical consumption from the perspective of the philosophy on ethical consumption. Ethical consumption was defined as a behavior that intended to improve the environment and the welfare of people and animals by purchasing products produced according to sound ethical principles and avoiding products that are made through the exploitation or the damage of people, animals and the environment. It also dealt with the practices of ethical consumption such as the fair trade movement, Clean Clothes Campaign, boycott, local food movement, animal's welfare movement. In conclusion, I suggested that consumers, companies, governments, and NGOs should make an effort to promote ethical consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.219-238
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• 2014

This study attempted to investigate present condition and product planning of global eco-fashion brands that harmonize fashion and sustainability. As research subjects, this study selected 97 oversea fashion brands mentioned in books related to eco-fashion, Black(2011), Brown(2010), Fuad-luke(2009). As for research methods, materials and ethical practices of these selected 97 brands through literature data and their internet site homepages. This study analyzed oversea eco-brands collected 26 British brands, 22 American brands, 36 European brands such as Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Finland and so on, except Britain and 13 other regions including Japan, India, Canada, Mexico, and New zealand. In conclusion, the product planning characteristics of these oversea eco-fashion brands can be summarized as follows; community and fair trade, ecological and slow design, recycle, reuse, redesign, and new eco-models. Firstly, brands of 'community and fair trade' manufactured products through fair trade and local community's artisan by ethical practices with organic fabrics. Secondly, brands of 'ecological and slow design' pursued timeless design and multi-functional design as luxury eco-fashion styles. They used organic textiles, hemp, bamboo, soya, tencell, sea cell, and self-sustaining plants. Thirdly, brands of 'recycle, reuse, redesign' aimed for upcycling high-end fashion and used vintage clothes, textile scraps, PET, parachutes, tires, safety belts, advertising banner and so on. In addition, brands of 'new models as eco-fashion' suggested zero-waste cutting, recycling over-printing technology, new sustainable business model, and ethical practices in the supply chain of the fashion industry.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.245-259
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze big data to identify the sub-dimensions of ethical consumption, as well as the consumption value associated with ethical consumption that changes over time. For this study, data were collected from Naver and Daum using the keyword 'ethical consumption' and frequency and matrix data were extracted through Textom, for the period January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. In addition, a two-way mode network analysis was conducted using the UCINET 6.0 program and visualized using the NetDraw function. The results of text mining show increasing keyword frequency year-on-year, indicating that interest in ethical consumption has grown. The sub-dimensions derived for 2014 and 2015 are fair trade, ethical consumption, eco-friendly products, and cooperatives and for 2016 are fair trade, ethical consumption, eco-friendly products and animal welfare. The results of deriving consumption value keywords were classified as emotional value, social value, functional value and conditional value. The influence of functional value was found to be growing over time. Through network analysis, the relationship between the sub-dimensions of ethical consumption and consumption values derived each year from 2014 to 2018 showed a significantly strong correlation between eco-friendly product consumption and emotional value, social value, functional value and conditional value.