• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.944-947
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• 2022

최근 코로나바이러스로 인한 마스크 착용이 급증함에 따라 마스크 착용에 대응할 수 있는 기술의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 얼굴 자세 추정 분야는 운전자 주의, 얼굴 정면화, 시선 감지 등의 다양한 활용성에도 불구하고 마스크 착용에 따른 성능 저하 문제를 해결할 수 있는 연구가 거의 수행되지 않았다. 본 논문은 마스크 착용 유무에 따른 얼굴 자세 추정의 성능 저하에 대한 분석을 토대로, 마스크가 없는 얼굴 이미지의 크기 및 자세를 분석하여 마스크 이미지를 합성할 수 있는 데이터 증강 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 얼굴에 특화된 증강 기법을 활용한 학습은 마스크 착용 여부와 관계없이 얼굴 자세 추정 벤치마크 데이터 세트인 BIWI에서 강인한 성능을 보이며, 특정 모델에 국한되지 않기 때문에 다양한 얼굴 자세 추정 모델에 적용될 수 있다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2023

Vascular anomalies encompass a variety of malformations and tumors that can result in severe morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. Advances have been made in the classification and diagnosis of these anomalies, with the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies establishing a widely recognized classification system. In recent years, notable progress has been made in genetic testing and imaging techniques, enhancing our ability to diagnose these conditions. The increasing sophistication of genetic testing has facilitated the identification of specific genetic mutations that help treatment decisions. Furthermore, imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography have greatly improved our capacity to visualize and detect vascular abnormalities, enabling more accurate diagnoses. When considering reconstructive surgery for facial vascular anomalies, it is important to consider both functional and cosmetic results of the procedure. Therefore, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach involving specialists from dermatology, radiology, and genetics is often required to ensure effective management of these conditions. Overall, the treatment approach for facial vascular anomalies depends on the type, size, location, and severity of the anomaly. A thorough evaluation by a team of specialists can determine the most appropriate and effective treatment plan.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to find out the efficacy of Castanea crenata Inner Shell (CCIS) distilled herbal medicine on the skin by comparing the difference effect between only simple distilled water and the CCIS distilled herbal medicine application after MTS (microneedle therapy system) treatment. Methods: The present author performed once a week and total 4 times of MTS treatment. The treatment time took about 5~10 minutes and the depth of the needle was adjusted according to the participant's skin condition. In the control group, simple distilled water was applied after MTS and in the experimental group, CCIS distilled herbal medicine was applied. One week after each treatment, the change of skin condition was measured. Two weeks after the end of the clinical trial, the skin condition was checked again. Results: In the case of the test group, there was a significant decrease in pore size and there was a significant increase in U-zone oil, skin tone and elasticity. The test group using distilled herbal medicine showed a significant effect on facial skin compared to the control group using only simple distilled water. Conclusion: Distilled herbal medicine showed an effective action on facial skin. In the case of CCIS distilled herbal medicine, it was found to have a significant effect on U-zone oil content, skin tone, pores, and skin elasticity.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.110-132
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• 1987

A study on hepatomegaly detected by abdominal palpation, and facial telangiectasia in a total of 3,418 insured persons medically examined at the Honam Medical Room of Dong Bang Life Insurance Company Ltd. from February, 1984 to August, 1985 was undertaken. The results were as follows: 1) Hepatomegaly was found in 383 cases(27.5%) among the 1,395 insureds of male and in 163 cases(8.1%) among the 2,023 insureds of female. The difference of incidence of hepatomegaly between all males and females showed statistical significance(p<0.001). In each age group, the incidence of hepatomegaly in :nale was higher than that in female. The incidence of hepatomegaly in each age group in male increased cnosiderably with age; it showed 11.6%,16.2%, 42.6% and 52.9% from second to sixth decade in order, thereafter in seventh decade it decreased to 26.7%, While the incidence of hepatomegaly in female increased slightly in each age group. 2) Facial telangiectasia was found in 318 cases(22.8%) among all males and in 157 cases(7.8%) among all females. The difference of incidence of telangiectasia between all males and females showed statistical significance(p<0.001). In each age group, the incidence of telangiectasia in male was higher than that in female, except of second decade. The incidence of facial telangiectasia in each age group in male increased considerably with age; while it increased slightly in female. 3) Facial telangiectasia accompanied by hepatomegaly was found in 235 cases(61.4%) among 383 cases of hepatomegaly in male and in 69 cases(42.3%) among 163 cases of hepatomegaly in female. The difference of incidence of telangiectasia between males and females show ed statistical significance(p<0.001). 4) Facial telangiectasia without spider angiomata accompanied by hepatomegaly was found in 201 cases(52.5%) among 383 cases of hepatomegaly in all males and in 67 casgs(41.4%) among 163 cases of hepatomegaly in all females; facial spider angiomata accompanied by hepatomegaly was found in 34 cases(8.9%) among 383 cases of hepatomegaly in all males and in 2 cases(1.2%) among 163 cases of hepatomegaly in all females. 5) Abnormal SGOT activity was found in 19 cases(7.9%) among 242 cases of hepatomegaly in all males and in one case(1.5%) among 67 cases of hepatomegaly in all females. The difference of incidence of abnormal SGOT activity showed statistical significance(p<0.001). The incidence of abnormal SGOT activity by the size of hepatomegaly, that is, palpated <1 finger's breadth, <2 fingers' breadth and ${\geqq}2$ fingers' breadth, revealed 2.2%, 6.0% and 60.0% respectively in all males, while abnormal SGOT activity was found only one case in fifth decade among 67 cases of hepatomegaly in all females. 6) In ordinary medical examination(the insured amount is low) abnormal SGOT activity was found in 7 cases(4.8%) among 146 cases of hepatomegaly palpated $1\frac{1}{2}$ fingers' breadth and under, while it was not found in 37 cases of the same sized hepatomegaly in all females. Above mentioned 7 cases are thought to be very significant because 7 cases occupy 35% in 20 cases of abnormal SGOT activity with hepatomegaly. 7) Abnormal SGOT activity was found in 12 cases(4.4%) among 273 cases of hepatomegaly of "not firm" consistency, while it was found in 8 cases(22.2%) among 36 cases of hepatomegaly of "firm" consistency. The difference of incidence of abnormal SGOT activity showed statistical significance(p<0.05). 8) Abnormal SGOT activity was found in 5 cases(17.9%) among 28 cases of spider angiomata with hepatomegaly, while it was found in 10 cases(7.3%) among 166 cases of telangiectasia without spider angiomata with hepatomegaly. Owing to a small number of cases, statistical significance was not recognized, but the incidence of abnormal SGOT activity in spider angiomata cases with hepatomegaly is apt to be higher than that in telangiectasia cases without spider angiomata with hepatomegaly. 9) The incidence of abnormal SGOT activity is apt to be higher with age in male group; abnormal SGOT activity was not found among 4 cases of hepatomegaly in second decade and it was 3.8% in third decade, 4.5% in fourth decade, 9.3% in fifth decade, 17.5% in sixth decade and 33.3% in seventh decade, while the incidence of it was only one case among 67 cases in all females. 10) It is believed that the performance of liver function test to the subjects with hepatomegaly even in ordinary medical examination(the insured amount is low) will give considerable contribution for medical selection of hepatomegaly risk. 11) Age of the insured(young or old), presence of facial telangiectasia or spider angiomata especially and their severity, and consistency of enlarged liver(firm or not) should be considered to increase accuracy in evaluating hepatomegaly risk.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 스마트폰에서 웃음 치료를 위한 표정인식 애플리케이션을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 스마트폰의 전면 카메라 영상으로부터 AdaBoost 얼굴 검출 알고리즘을 이용하여 얼굴을 검출한다. 얼굴을 검출한 다음에는 얼굴 영상으로부터 입술 영역을 검출한다. 그 다음 프레임부터는 얼굴을 검출하지 않고 이전 프레임에서 검출된 입술영역을 3단계 블록 매칭 기법을 이용하여 추적한다. 카메라와 얼굴 사이의 거리에 따라 입술 영역의 크기가 달라지므로, 입술 영역을 구한 다음에는 고정된 크기로 정규화한다. 그리고 주변 조명 상태에 따라 영상이 달라지므로, 본 논문에서는 히스토그램 매칭과 좌우대칭을 결합하는 조명 정규화 알고리즘을 이용하여 조명 보정 전처리를 함으로써 조명에 의한 영향을 줄일 수 있도록 하였다. 그 다음에는 검출된 입술 영상에 주성분 분석을 적용하여 특징 벡터를 추출하고 다층퍼셉트론 인공신경망을 이용하여 실시간으로 웃음 표정을 인식한다. 스마트폰을 이용하여 실험한 결과, 제안된 방법은 초당 16.7프레임을 처리할 수 있어서 실시간으로 동작 가능하였고 인식률 실험에서도 기존의 조명 정규화 방법보다 개선된 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: We aimed to measure the head dimensions on computed tomography (CT) images, to compare them to directly measured head dimensions, and to predict a new parameter of bone thickness for aiding bone conduction implant (BCI) placement. Subjects and Methods: We reviewed the facial and mandibular bone CT images of 406 patients. Their head sizes were analyzed using five parameters included in the 6th Size Korea project, and they were divided into age groups (ranging from the 10s to the 80s). We compared the head length, head width, sagittal arc, bitragion arc, and head circumference in the CT and Size Korea groups. We also added the parameter bone thickness for aiding BCI placement. Results: All the head size parameters measured using CT were significantly smaller than those measured directly, with head length showing the smallest difference at 7.85 mm. The differences in the other four parameters between the two groups according to patient age were not statistically significantly different. Bone thickness had the highest value of 4.89±0.93 mm in the 70s and the lowest value of 4.10±0.99 mm in the 10s. Bone thickness also significantly correlated with head width (p=0.038). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the CT and direct measurements yielded consistent data. Moreover, CT enabled the measurement of bone sizes, including bone thickness, that are impossible to measure directly. CT measurements may complement direct measurements in the Size Korea data when used for developing bone conduction hearing devices (BCIs and headsets) for the Korean population.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: We aimed to measure the head dimensions on computed tomography (CT) images, to compare them to directly measured head dimensions, and to predict a new parameter of bone thickness for aiding bone conduction implant (BCI) placement. Subjects and Methods: We reviewed the facial and mandibular bone CT images of 406 patients. Their head sizes were analyzed using five parameters included in the 6th Size Korea project, and they were divided into age groups (ranging from the 10s to the 80s). We compared the head length, head width, sagittal arc, bitragion arc, and head circumference in the CT and Size Korea groups. We also added the parameter bone thickness for aiding BCI placement. Results: All the head size parameters measured using CT were significantly smaller than those measured directly, with head length showing the smallest difference at 7.85 mm. The differences in the other four parameters between the two groups according to patient age were not statistically significantly different. Bone thickness had the highest value of 4.89±0.93 mm in the 70s and the lowest value of 4.10±0.99 mm in the 10s. Bone thickness also significantly correlated with head width (p=0.038). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the CT and direct measurements yielded consistent data. Moreover, CT enabled the measurement of bone sizes, including bone thickness, that are impossible to measure directly. CT measurements may complement direct measurements in the Size Korea data when used for developing bone conduction hearing devices (BCIs and headsets) for the Korean population.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

The mask-face interface design should consider the face shape to improve the half mask respirator's fit ratio. This study tried to design the mask-face interface using recent Korean face data. By using the data of 1536 men's 3D face scanning (Size Korea data), head clay mock-up was made and mask-face interface line was extracted from this head mock-up. Using this interface line, the half-mask prototype was made. According to the quantitative fitting test, the proposed mask was found to be well fitted (average fit-ratio > 100). The proposed method had two advantages. 1) The method could use massive head-related anthropometric data like Size Korea data. 2) The qualitative fit test (observation) could be conducted very quickly by fitting the prototype to the head mock-up. However, this method also had several limitations. 1) The head clay mock-up could be different according to the mock-up maker. 2) The average values of the head-related anthropometric data were used to make the head mock-up. Small and large size head mock-ups should be made and tested.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2021

Mibyeong (sub-health) is a concept that represents the sub-health in traditional East Asian medicine. Assuming that the nose sizes and shapes are related to respiratory function, in this study, we hypothesized that the nose size and shape features are related to the self-rated health (SRH) level and self-rated Mibyeong severity, and aimed to assess this relationship using a fully automated image analysis system. The nose size features were evaluated from the frontal and profile face images of 810 participants. The nose size features consisted of five length features, one area feature, and one volume feature. The level of SRH and the Mibyeong severity were determined using a questionnaire. The normalized nasal height was negatively associated with the self-rated health score (SRHS) (partial ρ = -0.125, p = 3.53E-04) and the Mibyeong score (MBS) (partial ρ = -.172, p = 9.38E-07), even after adjustment for sex, age, and body mass index. The normalized nasal volume (ρ = -.105, p = 0.003), the normalized nasal tip protrusion length (ρ = -.087, p = 0.014), and the normalized nares width (ρ = -.086, p = .015) showed significant correlation with the SRHS. The normalized nasal area (ρ = -.118, p = 0.001), the normalized nasal volume (ρ = -.107, p = .002) showed significant correlation with the MBS. The wider, longer, and larger the nose, the lower the SRHS and MBS, indicating that health status can be estimated based on the size and shape features of the nose.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.540-547
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• 2009

There needs disease-predictable signs in order to enable preventive diagnosis and therapy. Then traditional Chinese medicine applies various medical diagnostic equipments used in western medicine to diagnosing sub-healthy state. But such data are not originated from inherent oriental medicine, and not obtained easily in ordinary clinical practice. This paper is to provide synopsis of the ante-disease diagno-therapeutics partly and to show predictable data based on the facial shapes and signs, especially of gall bladder's versus bladder's body and masculine versus feminine shape. Ante-disease means not only the complete healthy state, but also the state unseen any symptoms in macrographically in the course of outbreak of disease. It contains two stages, first one is the former state of disease and second one is untransmitted state of disease. The patterns of ante-disease consist of latent disease, pre-disease, transmission type like senescent syndrome, abnormal reactive syndrome(變證), syndrome of transmission and transmutation. The classification with gall bladder and bladder type manifests the differences of shape, color and size of each organ in comparison of the universal and standard figures of the human being. On the other hand, the classification with masculine and feminine shape contrasts the innate sexual difference and the shape, characteristics originated from in itself. These two classification theories have their own pathologic types and syndrome types with each disease so that disease-predictable data can be constructed based on such a relationship. In addition, this diagnostic method by facial shapes and signs is able to be applied to whole stages from prenatal to present state of disease even if the cause and inducement are not clear. Ante-disease diagno-theraputic system by Gall Bladder's versus Bladder's Body and Masculine versus Feminine Shape is getting more important in the chronic and internal disease in comparison of the acute and traumatic disease. So this study is able to make up for the limit of diagnosis on ante-disease in the field of oriental medicine clinic.