• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1983

The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to produce functional occlusion and to create or maintain facial esthetic harmony. The soft-tissue covering of the face also plays an important role in facial esthetics, speech and other physiologic functions. The study of the soft-tissue profile is important for the planning of orthodontic treatment. The author studied cephalometric X-ray films on 49 patients (23boys, 26 girls) with Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion, ranged from 9 to 13 years of age. Roentgenocephalmetric X-ray films were taken pre and post orthodontic care. Tracings were made in usual manner. The obtained results were as follow. 1. There was no significant sexual difference on mean changes. 2. In the comparison of the soft-tissue thickness changes, Ls-Ls' and Si-Si' in male subjects were remarkable. 9. There were significant correlations between osseous (Ss') change and soft-tissue (Ss) chang, of maxilla in male and female subjects subsequent to orthodontic treatment. 4. The ratios between the protraction of the Ss' and that of the Ss were 1:1.5 in all sexes, the ratios between the Si' and that of the Si were 1:1.4 in male and 1:1.2 in female. 5. There were significant correlations between maxillary central incise. angulation change $({\angle}A)$ and upper lip inclination change $({\angle}B)$ in all sexes. 6. There were little correlations between change in distance difference of Is and Ii and change in distance difference of Ls and Li in all sexes in all sexes.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.707-724
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• 1993

The purpose of the study is to estimate hard and soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery for the correction of the mandibular prognathism and to describe interrelationship and ratios of soft and hard tissue changes. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms of 31 treated patients(17 males and 14 females) was used ; these patients had received combined orthodontic-surgical treatment by means of a bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Their ages ranged from 16 to 31 years and mean age was 21.4 years. A computerized cephalometric appraisal was developed and used to analyse linear and angular changes of skeletal and soft tissue profile. The statistical elaboration of the data was made by means of $SPSS/PC^+$. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The correlations of soft and hard tissue horizontal changes were significantly high and the ratios were $97\%$ at LI, $107\%$ at ILS, and $93\%$ at Pog'. 2. The correlations of vertical changes at Stm, LI and horizontal changes at Pog were high$(26\%)$ and at the other areas were not statistically high. 3. The correlations of soft ad hard tissue vertical changes were not significantly high in all areas except Gn' $(30\%)$ and Me' $(56\%)$. 4. The soft tissue thickness was significantly decreased in upper lip and increased in lower lip, and the amount of changes after surgery was reversely correlated with initial thickness. 5. The facial convexity was increased and relative protrusion of upper lip was increased and that of lower lip was decreased. 6. The upper to lower facial height(Gl-Sn/Sn-Me') was increased and upper to lower jaw height(Sn-Stms/Stmi-Me') was increased.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.20-37
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the differentials in life styles and their effect on the epidermal facial tissue in order to provide a basis for health professionals so that they might better be able to maintain and promote healthy skin care and further delay the premature ageing of the epidermal facial tissue. The subjects consisted of 145 females of various ages who visited skin care room in cerming health promoting behaviors(Park In sook's Profile) and questions on their behavioral practices pertaining to personal skin care were used. The investigation also ess of the four parts of the epidermal facial tissue studied. All data collected wee entered into the SAS program and analyzed for frequency, percentages, the utilized Pusan. The study dates ranged from May 1, 1998 to May 30, 1998. The methods used for this investigation were a questionnaire survey consisting of general objective questions. The questions con a "skin analyzer" to measured levels of moisturizing hydrated, facial oils, and roughnmean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Epidermal facial oil was at its highest levels in the chin area with additional decreasing levels in the forehead and nose regions. The least regions were those of the cheeks. The highest levels of hydration on the other hand started with the forehead followed by the area of the chin, the cheeks and the lowest level of epidermal facial hydration was in the region of the nose. 2. The average score of the performance in the health promoting behaviors variable was 139.51. The variables with the highest degree of the performance were rest and sleeping(35.71). The lowest degree was hiegenic life(23.44). 3. The relationship health promoting behaviors and epidermal condition was not correlated with oil, hydration and roughness of the skin surface. 4. Skin care behavioral characteristics related to epidermal condition were washing style and temperature of washing water. 5. General characteristics related to epidermal condition were occupation, education level, acne and melasma. In conclusion, this study showed that several factors were significant in the behavior of skin care. Clear knowledge of both internal and external factors which affect the epidermal condition will help women to pursue active and appropriate practices in their health behaviors and skin care.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2010

저신장이란 같은 연령 및 성별 소아들의 표준 신장 평균치에서 -2.0 SD 이하인 경우를 말한다. 본 연구의 목적은 저신장 소아의 두개안면골격의 특성을 분석하고, 성장호르몬 치료가 신장을 성장시킴과 동시에 두개안면골격에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 함이다. 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 소아청소년과에서 저신장으로 진단받은 소아를 대상으로 성장 호르몬 치료 전 그리고 치료 후 1년, 2년 후 총 3회 측모 두부 방사선 규격 사진의 촬영을 시행하였다. 대조군은 경북대학교 치의학전문대학원 교정과에 소장된 한국인 평균 신장의 2 표준오차 내의 아동들을 대상으로 측모 두부 방사선 규격사진을 2년마다 10년간 촬영한 자료를 이용하여 저신장 소아의 연령과 성별을 기준으로 짝진 표집(paired sampling)을 하였다. 성장 호르몬 치료 전 저신장 소아는 작고 후퇴된 하악골과 편평한 두개저를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 성장 호르몬 치료 후 anterior, posterior cranial base length, upper posterior facial height, lower anterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, mandibular corpus length와 overall mandibular length 성장량이 정상군에서의 2년 성장량과 비교했을 때 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났으며 각도 계측에서는 saddle angle, mandibular plane angle과 ANB변화량이 정상군에서의 2년 성장량과 비교했을 때 큰 변화를 보이며 정상군의 평균치를 따라잡는 경향을 보였다. 성장 호르몬 치료는 불균형적인 성장의 징후 없이 정상화를 향한 성장(따라잡기 성장)을 나타내었으며 이는 특히 하악과두의 성장과 후안면고경의 성장을 촉진시켜 저신장 소아의 convex한 profile을 완화하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2003

한정된 공간에서는 낮은 해상도, 적은 조명, 예상할 수 없는 머리의 움직임 ,연속적으로 변화하는 얼굴의 표정과 색 등으로 인하여 사람의 얼굴인식에 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 동적 공간 변화(DSW)라는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 알고리즘은 공간의 제약이 따르는 환경에서의 국부적 특징들을 조합하는 것이며 모아진 자료를 기초로 고유한 얼굴 이미지와 DSW를 비교하고, 정면과 프로필 얼굴 이미지, 두 단계의 색 변화를 가지는 이미지를 가지고 테스트하였다. 실험 결과로 PCA 알고리즘이 82.7% DSW가 89.4%로 DSW를 적용한 경우가 PCA 방법보다 6.9% 더 좋은 결과를 나타내었으며 고유한 얼굴이미지에 접근함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the soft tissue thickness of male and female orthodontic patients with different skeletal malocclusions. Methods: Soft tissue thickness measurements were made on lateral cephalometric radiographs of 180 healthy orthodontic patients with different skeletal malocclusions (Class I: 60 subjects, Class II: 60 subjects, Class III: 60 subjects). Ten measurements were analyzed. For statistical evaluation, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. Least significant difference (LSD) and Dunnet T3 post hoc tests were used to determine the individual differences. Results: Soft tissue thicknesses were found to be greater for men than for women. Statistically significant differences among the skeletal groups were found in both men and women at the following sites: labrale superius, stomion, and labrale inferius. The thickness at the labrale superius and stomion points in each skeletal type was the greatest in Class III for both men and women. On the other hand, at the labrale inferius point, for both men and women, soft tissue depth was the least in Class III and the greatest in Class II. Conclusions: Soft tissue thickness differences among skeletal malocclusions were observed at the labrale superius, stomion, and labrale inferius sites for both men and women.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.330-341
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• 2014

A 19-year-old woman presented to our dental clinic with anterior crossbite and mandibular prognathism. She had a concave profile, long face, and Angle Class III molar relationship. She showed disharmony in the crowding of the maxillomandibular dentition and midline deviation. The diagnosis and treatment plan were established by a three-dimensional (3D) virtual setup and 3D surgical simulation, and a surgical wafer was produced using the stereolithography technique. No presurgical orthodontic treatment was performed. Using the surgery-first approach, Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy and mandibular bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy setback were carried out. Treatment was completed with postorthodontic treatment. Thus, symmetrical and balanced facial soft tissue and facial form as well as stabilized and well-balanced occlusion were achieved.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.177-191
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• 1982

The study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards of Hellman dental age III B, IV A, IV C groups of the age of puberty and to aid for the case analysis and diagnosis of malocclusion. A roentgenocephalometric study was made from 365 subjects, that consist of 162 males, 203 females with normal occlusion, acceptable profile and no history of orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. The tables of standards from the measurements by age, sex group were made. 2. All linear measurements of skeletal pattern in male were greater than in females. 3. The Bjork's sum was reduced gradually by aging in group I $396^{\circ}$, group II $395^{\circ}$, and group III $393^{\circ}$. 4. Posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 63% in group I, 64% group II, and 67% in group III. 5. The angulation of SNA and SNB were $81^{\circ}$ & $78^{\circ}$ in group I, $81^{\circ}$ & $78^{\circ}$ in group II, and $82^{\circ}$ & $79^{\circ}$ in group III.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1982

A cephalometric radiographic cross sectional comparative study was undertaken to investigate craniofacial growth in cleft lip and palate individuals. The material for this study consisted of 43 subjects with operated cleft lip and palate.(29 males, 14 females). The range of age was from 6 years to 12 years. The roentgenocephalometric values of cleft individuals were compared with values of normal individuals reported by Lee. The following conclusions were obtained; 1) The pattern of cranial base of the cleft subjects was almost the same as that previously reported for the normal individuals. 2) Anterio-posterior length of the mandible did not show any significant difference but in the cleft subjects, that of the males was larger than that of the females. 3) The maxilla of the cleft subjects was very retruded and showed very concave profile. 4) Gonial angle of the cleft subjects was very high, especially in the female clefts. 5) The height of ramus was very poor in the cleft subjects. 6) The facial length was almost the same, but the facial depth of the cleft subjects was smaller than that of the normal individuals. 7) Maxillary and mandibular incisors were severely retroclined. 8) The range of values in the cleft subjects was very variable and the female clefts showed more distured growth than the male clefts.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권10C호
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• pp.983-991
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• 2005

드라마와 같은 비디오에서 사람의 얼굴은 일반적으로 자주 등장하며 비디오 내용을 분석하기 위한 유용한 정보를 제공한다. 얼굴검출은 얼굴인식 및 얼굴영상의 DB 관리와 같은 응용분야에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 비디오 등장인물 검색을 위한 얼굴검출 기법을 제안하였다. 전체 과정은 크게 세단계로 구성되며 첫 번째 장면전환 검출단계, 두 번째 얼굴영역 검출단계, 마지막으로 얼굴의 특징점인 눈과 입 검출단계로 구성되며, 색상에 기반한 얼굴영역 검출단계에서 발생된 얼굴 특징점을 눈과 입의 검출에 적용하였다. 실험결과 다양한 환경에서 성공적으로 얼굴을 검출하며, 기존의 색상기반 얼굴검출 방법에 비해 측면영상에서 $24\%$의 성능향상을 보였다.