• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.244-252
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• 2006

Objectives : To examine any potential relationships between the types of alopecia and the facial heat distribution in patients with alopecia. Methods : 183 patients with alopecia participated in this study to provide facial heat distribution measured by the Infrared Thermography Scanner (ITS, Nec San-ei Instruments Ltd, Japan). The thermography scan was used in a light- and heat-protected room after 20 minutes' of rest. 1.5m of distance was maintained between the patients and the scanner. Results : Specificity in the type of facial heat distribution was found as follow. 1. Types of facial heat distribution can be classified as T-type and diffused patterns. 2. There was a significant difference in the pattern of facial heat distribution among different types of alopecia (p=0.002): facial heat distribution appeared T-type in androgenic alopecia, alopecia areata, and telogen effluvium (71.3%, 85.7%, 70.4%), whereas diffused pattern was dominant in seborrheic alopecia (55.6%). 3. There was a significant difference in the pattern of facial heat distribution between men and women (p<0.001) : While the T-type and diffused type appeared equally in men (50.6% : 49.4%), T-type was dominant in women (88.0% vs. 12.0%). Conclusions : We conclude that the pattern of facial heat distribution differs depending on the types of alopecia and gender. These differences may provide useful information for diagnosis and clinical therapy for this population.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.158-161
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• 2012

Myopericytoma is a benign tumor that is composed of myoid-appearing oval to spindle-shaped cells with a concentric perivascular pattern of growth. The tumor is morphologically heterogeneous and can exhibit a broad histologic spectrum. We describe a case of multiple myopericytoma occurring in the head and neck skin region with involvement of the parotid gland where it is known to occur very rarely. A 40-year-old woman noticed multiple enlarging, painless, round-shaped masses on her left cheek. The patient had experienced a similar lesion of the same area 8 years earlier which was completely excised and the pathological diagnosis was spindle cell type myoepithelioma. On a computed tomographic image, one mass involved the superficial parotid gland and was well encapsulated. Excision of the facial masses and superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation were performed. A diagnosis of myopericytoma was established in light of the immunohistochemical pattern with the histopathological findings. Over the 4-year follow-up period, there was no evidence of recurrence. As many perivascular myoid neoplasms share common morphologic features with myopericytoma, we should consider the differential diagnosis, and confirm the histological findings with appropriate immunohistochemical staining. After identifying myopericytoma, it should be treated with wide surgical excision to prevent local recurrence.

• Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.240-244
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• 2018

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and Immunoglobulin (Ig) $G_4$-related disease ($IgG_4$-RD) are rare diseases and early diagnosis and proper management are imperative to prevent multi-organ damage. The authors present a case of a 60 years old woman who had facial paralysis and hearing loss. Lt intact canal wall tympanomastoidectomy, Lt facial nerve decompression and ossiculoplasty with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) was done. During operation, middle ear tissue was biopsied and GPA with $IgG_4$-RD was diagnosed. After methyl prednisolone (MPD) pulse therapy and azathioprine therapy, the severity of paralysis was improved. We present this case because common otologic symptoms like facial palsy and hearing loss could be initial symptoms of rare systemic disease.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.107-117
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• 2020

Objectives This study was conducted to find out how effective the combined treatments of Sasang constitutional medication, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture and functional cerebrospinal therapy (FCST) are for oro-facial dyskinesia. Methods A patient was diagnosed as Soyangin according to the result of Sasang constitutional diagnosis and treated by Sasang constitutional medication, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture and functional cerebrospinal therapy. The progress was evaluated with the global assessment scale (GAS) and balance sheets test. Results Oro-facial dyskinesia was almost disappeared with Yanggyeoksanhwa-tang, acupunctiure, pharmacopuncture and functional cerebrospinal therapy. Conclusions We report a case of oro-facial dyskinesia that improved with Sasang constitutional medicine, acupunctiure, pharmacopuncture and functional cerebrospinal therapy.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2023

Facial expression recognition plays a significant role in understanding human emotional states. With the advancement of AI and computer vision technologies, extensive research has been conducted in various fields, including improving customer service, medical diagnosis, and assessing learners' understanding in education. In this study, we develop a model that can infer emotions in real-time from a webcam using transfer learning with TensorFlow.js and MobileNet. While existing studies focus on achieving high accuracy using deep learning models, these models often require substantial resources due to their complex structure and computational demands. Consequently, there is a growing interest in developing lightweight deep learning models and transfer learning methods for restricted environments such as web browsers and edge devices. By employing MobileNet as the base model and performing transfer learning, our study develops a deep learning transfer model utilizing JavaScript-based TensorFlow.js, which can predict emotions in real-time using facial input from a webcam. This transfer model provides a foundation for implementing facial expression recognition in resource-constrained environments such as web and mobile applications, enabling its application in various industries.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.4 s.63
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• pp.643-659
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• 1997

For the total treatment of skeletal malocclusions, 3-dimensional evaluation and diagnosis are essential. Although anteroposterior discrepancies can be evaluated through various methods, the satisfactory methods for evaluations of facial asymmetry and transverse discrepancies are yet to be found. The adequate diagnosis and treatment of transverse discrepancies may be more important in the maintenance of functional occlusion as well as for the stability of results obtained from orthognathic surgery than the anteroposterior or vertical discrepancies. Since the soft tissue effects from the transverse discrepancies may not be pronounced, especially when combined with anteroposterior or vertical discrepancies which have prominent characteristics, the differentiation of their effects may be difficult from visual inspection alone. Therefore it is essential that the normal facial proportions would be established from the posteroanterior cephalometry as a reference for the accurate diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluates 76 subjects from Yonsei University freshmen with normal facial symmetry and occlusion. Posteroanterior cephalograms were taken from the subjects and the normal values and facial proportions are obtained. The results are as follows. 1. The transverse and vortical values from posteroanterior cephalometry and their ratio, with means and standard deviations are calculated. 2. The ratio of vertical values to transverse values is 0.837 (male 0.836, female 0.841). 3. The Proportion of maxillary and mandibular widths is 0.747 (male 0.745, female 0.752), with statistically significant correlation. 4. Various degree of significant correlations are observed in the following craniofacial widths; (Cranial width, Bizygomaticofrontal suture width, Facial width, Maxillary width, Upper & Lower Intermolar width, Mandibular width). 5. Although the facial height as well as other line measurements increase as the facial widths increase, angle measurement ($Bj\ddot{o}rk$ Sum, Mandibular Plane Angle, Gonial Angle), decreases and posterior to anterior facial height ratio increases, therefore indicating the tendency for a brachycephalic facial type. These results may be used as references for the treatment planning in orthognathic and orthodontic treatments for the dentofacial deformity patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2009

Objective : Bell's palsy is common and has many clinic study. but bell's palsy sequela is not enough study until now. So this study was evaluated bell's palsy sequela, catamnesis, demonstrator and herb. Methods : From December 2007 to November 2008, patients who visited Dong-seo Oriental Medicine ENT. A clinic study was done on patient who were diagosed bell's palsy, onset 2months over when first visited OPD and treated 3weeks over in Dong-seo Oriental Medicine Cental. To evaluate grade of paralysis, House-Brackman Scale was used. We classified period of improving, sequelas symptom except of facial muscle paralysis, Oriental Medicine diagnosis and herb. Results & Conculsion : 1. The distribution of sex : male 38.88%, female 61.11%. The distribution of age was presented that forty to fifty was the most in 10case(55.55%) 2. The distribution of the region of facial palsy : Rt(55.55%), Lt(44.44%) 3. In distribution of period of first HB-Scale improving : 1~2month was most in 10case(55.55%) 4. In distribution of symptom except of facial muscle paralysis : Dryness of eye 33.33%, Tearling 22.22%, Facial hypoesthesia 22.22%, Mastoid pain 22.22% 5. The distribution of demonstrator : Gi Deficiency and Deficiency of Both Gi and Blood was most in 11case(50%) 6. The distribution of treatment : Palmul-tang and Bojungikki-tang was the most herb in 6case(33.33%) and only acupuncture treatment and rehabilitation treatment was 5case(27.77%).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.775-782
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• 2011

Purpose: Nasal bone fracture is most common facial bone fracture. The cause of fractures is mainly trauma such as fighting, automobile accident and fall down, and it commonly involves young males. Very frequently nasal bone fractures are associated with other facial injuries such as orbital bone fracture, maxillary bone fracture and nasal septal deformities. Because of various dynamic directions of power are involved, phenomenon of fractures are also various and treatment cannot be simple. Methods: We studied and analyzed retrospectively 452 cases nasal bone fractures from January 2008 to December 2010. Diagnosis were made with physical examination, Nasal bone X-rays, Facial bone CT and 3D facial bone CT. Four surgeons are involved in treatments of these patients and applied different procedure along patient's condition and deformity. We analyzed the cause of nasal bone fractures, deformities, associate injuries and applied surgical technique, and patient's satisfaction rate. In this study, old nasal bone fractures were excluded. Results: Young male group was most commonly sustained nasal bone fracture and physical violence was most common cause of injury. 64 of 452 patient was involved associate injuries of face. Closed reduction were applied 246 cases and C-arm quide reduction were 167 cases and in 20 cases lateral osteotomy were applied. Approximately, more than 80% of the Patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of nasal bone fractures are considered simple but because of various deformity and associate injuries, treatment is not always simple and universal. Time to time, we face unsatisfied patient after treatment of nasal bone fractures. For obtaining satisfactory result, cause of injury and state of deformities and associate injuries such as nasal septal deformity should be evaluated properly and proper treatment should be applied.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-171
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• 2004

Objectives: Sasang Constitutional Medicine is popularly appliedto treatment in Korea. Constitution is a holistic concept contained internal and external characteristics, and physical traits including ordinary symptoms. Skin is one of constitutional property elements. So we researched a correlation female facial skin and sasang constitution. This is a basic study to find constitution can be a major factor to care and manage skin. Methods: We examined sasang constitution and facial skin condition of 100 healthy women who aged from 30 to 59. Hydration and sebum of facial skin was measured by skin diagnostic instrument and skin type was calculated from the data. Keratin, pore size, acne, and brightness of face was measured by skin magnifying lens and subjective skin troubles in ordinary times was also investigated. Constitution diagnosis and Skin diagnosis was investigated separately as a blind test andthe data was statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Correlation analysis, One-way analysis of variance. Results: 1. In sasang constitution, Taeeumingroup bad significant tendencies of larger hydration and sebum amount, combination degree of forehead and cheek was also higher than other constitutions(p<0.05). 2. Facial skin type was significantly different according to Sasang Constitution, Soeumin and Soyangin had a tendency of dry skin comparatively, but Taeeumin had mainly a tendency of combination skin and secondly dry skin(p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no correlation between age and skin type. 3. In subjective skin trouble, Soeumin group had less acne trouble than Soyangin and Taeeumin group(p<0.1). Pore size trouble was more frequent in Soyangin group than Soeumin group(p<0.05). Keratin trouble was more frequent in Soeumin group than Soyangin and Taeumin group(p<0.1). Conclusions: Korean healthy women's skin condition was different according to sasang constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

1. Objective There has been a few trials to diagnose Sasang Constitution by using EEG, but has not been studied intensively. For the purpose of practical diagnosis, the characteristics of EEG for each constitution should be studied first. Recently it has been shown that Sasang Constitution might be related to harm avoidance and novelty seeking in temperament and character profiles. Based on this finding, we propose a visual stimulation method to evoke a EEG response which may discriminate difference between constitutional groups. Through the experiment with this method, we tried to reveal the characteristics of EEG of each constitutional groups by the method of event-related potentials. 2. Methods: We used facial visual stimulation to verify the characteristics of EEG for each constitutional groups. To reveal characteristic in sensitivity and latency of response, we added several levels of noise to facial images. 6 male subjects(2 Taeeumin, 2 Soyangin, 2 Soeumin) participated in this study. All subjects are healthy 20's. To remove artifacts and slow modulation, we removed EOG contaminated data and renormalization is applied. To extract stimulation related components, normalized event-related potential method was used. 3. Results: From Oz channels, it is verified that facial image processing components are extracted. For lower level noise, components related to the visual stimulation were clearly shown in Oz, Pz, and Cz channels. Pz and Cz channels show differences among 3 constitutional groups in maximum around 200 msec. Especially moderate level of noise looks appropriate for diagnosis. 4. Conclusion: We verified that the visual stimulation with facial emotion might be a good candidate to evoke the differences between constitutional groups in EEG response. The differences shown in the experiment may imply that the process of emotion has distinct tendencies in latencies and sensitivity for each consitutional group. And this distinction might be related to the temperament profile of consitutional groups.