• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2006

This study was designed to analyze the three-dimensional shapes of Hanbok Chima made with various fabrics and to clarify the relationship between fabric properties as well as the objective and subjective evaluations of the 3D shape. For 3D shape data, a dress form (9A2 (N; nude)) was scanned with eight Chima garments made with the same number of fabrics. The scanner used was a non-contact three-dimensional human body measuring system belonging to Bunka Women's University in Japan. Data concerning the objective evaluation of the 3D shape was obtained from the measurements of the vertical and horizontal sections: those for subjective evaluation were through the sensory test after exposure to photographs from a front and side view. Four fabric factors were extracted from fabric physical properties: softness, extension, thickness of threads, and weight of fabric. Such factors as expansion (volume), sag of rear train, shape of nodes were influential in explaining the 3D shape of Hanbok Chima. From the analysis of the 3D shape, it can be deduced that with the constituent fabric stiffer, lighter, and less stretchable, the more expanded the 3D shape appeared to be. Multiple regression results showed that vertical shape factors have a greater effect on the evaluation of the 3D shape. It also implies that dependent variables of this study such as the subjective evaluation and 3D shape can be derived from regression equations on independent variables as fabric property factors or 3D shape factors. These results can enable the manufacturers to predict the 3D shape of the garment as well as the human subjective assessment to improve the efficacy of production. The investigation method proposed in this study can also be applicable to other garment items.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.972-982
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to improve the method of color developing with alkali solution as a promotor of color developing for feasible use. Cotton fabric was dyed with persimmon extract ranged with 0~3% alkali component with 5 types of strong to mild alkali solution. Heat treatment for color developing was applied to fabric dyed with persimmon extract and alkali mixing solution. Tests were carried out to analyze the change of surface color, ${\Delta},Ea^*b^*$, and water repellent of the dyed cotton fabric. The alkali mixing sample showed higher ${\Delta},Ea^*b^*$ value than control one without alkali mixing on the base of dyed fabric due to high color developing by alkali in the initial step of dyeing process. As alkali concentration increased, deeper dark color appeared on the fabric. The fabric color was changed to more dark in the application of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate in the initial step of dyeing process but color was not changed by increased heating time. However, the fabric showed a slight dark color with sodium acetate and more color change than that of the fabric dyed with persimmon extract without alkali. Therefore, sodium acetate seemed to a suitable promotor for color developing in persimmon extract dyeing. Property of water repellent was showed after color developing by heating with low concentration of alkali treatment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

In recent days, according as ergonomics and aesthetic engineering are important factors in the product market, there is a demand to develop automobile seat and interior designs which are focused on sensitive elements such as aesthetic and comfort features in order to satisfy the sensitive needs of consumers. To meet such demands, car seats are turning into functional and sensitive products that reflect elements of function and entertainment. According to such trends, this research is aimed to develop the illuminating car seat fabric that serve such functions as recognizing and reacting to car environments, which includes sensing over-speed, open doors, and unfastened safety belts through the illuminating car seat fabrics by optical fiber. For this purpose, basic physical properties of optical fiber are analyzed, appropriate weaving and etching technologies are applied, and the woven fabric of optical fiber for car seats are illuminating depend upon car environments. Moreover, the applicable woven fabric of optical fiber is deduced after evaluating the physical properties (such as tensile strength, heatproof, anti-fouling, washable and combustible traits) for the appropriateness of applying the woven fabric of optical fiber to car seats. For this purpose, the woven fabric of optical fiber is covered according to car seat processes; the optical fiber applied to seats is composed that it may be connected to one end of the connector linked to a LED so that it may perform functions like sensing over-speed, open doors, and unfastened safety belts; the sensed signals are transmitted to the control part, and luminescent signals are transmitted to LED.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.322-331
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• 2005

Graduated compression stockings (GCS) have been widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous diseases. Their gradient pressure function largely related to their fabric structure and material properties. By combing fabric physical testing and wear trials, this study investigated the GCSs fabric structure and material properties at different locations along the stocking hoses, and quantitatively analyzed the effects of fabrics on skin pressure longitudinal and transverse distributions. We concluded that, Structural characteristics and material properties of stocking fabrics were not uniform along the hoses, but a gradual variation from ankle to thigh regions, which significantly influenced the corresponding skin pressure gradient distributions; Tensile (WT, EM) and shearing properties (G) generated most significant differences among ankle, knee and thigh regions along the stocking hose, which significantly influenced the skin pressure lognitudinal gradient distribution. More material indices generating significant gradual changes occurred in the fabric wale direction along stocking hose, meaning that materials properties in wale direction would exert more important impact on the skin pressure gradient performances. And, the greater tensibility and smoother surface of fabric in wale direction would contribute to put stocking on and off, and facilitate wearers' leg extension-flexion movements. The indices of WT and EM of stocking fabrics in series A have strong linear correlations with skin pressure lognitudinal distribution, which largely related to their better performances in gradual changes of material properties. Skin pressure applied by fabric with same material properties produced pronounced differences among four different directions around certain cross-sections of human leg, especially at the ankle region; and, the skin pressure magnitudes at ankle region were more easily influenced by the materials properties, which were considered to be largely related to the anatomic structure of human leg.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is 1) to analyse the bending property of the fused fabric and each component of the fused fabrics. 2) to examine the effect of fusing temperature on the bending property of the fused interlining and fused fabrics. 3) to examine the changes of B/W, 2HB/W and TAV of the fused fabrics according to the types of face fabric, interlining, fusing temperature. Five types of wool fabric, four types of shingosen fabric and four types of interlining were used for this study. The fusing condition in this study were the three types of fusing temperature of 10$0^{\circ}C$, 12$0^{\circ}C$, 14$0^{\circ}C$, the pressure of 4 kgㆍf/$cm^2$, and pressing time of 12 seconds. The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1) The bending rigidities and hysteresis of fabrics after fusing were increased. The bending behavior of fused fabrics were governed by the bending behavior of face fabric and interlinings and $\alpha$$_{B}$ values. 2) The KES standardized basic values of B/W and 2HB/W were increased after fusing. The B/Ws of fused fabrics were mainly determined by the $\alpha$$_{B}$ values of interlinings. The 2HB/Ws of fused fabrics seemed to be controlled by the fusing temperature. 3) The changes of TAVs of wool fused fabrics differed from those of shingosen fused fabrics. As the $\alpha$$_{B}$ values of fabric were larger and fusing temperature were increased, the TAVs of wool fused fabrics were smaller though those of shingosen fused fabrics were larger. 4) The TAVs of fused fabrics were highly correlated with the B/Ws of fused fabrics. In the case of wool fused fabrics, the TAVs of fused fabrics were negativly correlated with the 2HB/Ws of wool fabrics and used interlinings.nings.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2005

The purpose of the research was to examine the effect of three different levels of enzyme treatment on the physical characteristics and the end-use suitability of the lyocell fabrics made with four different types of commercial wood pulp. The appropriate enzyme concentration for obtaining an optimum as well as consistent physical characteristics and fabric hand trait was 3 g/l for the concentration levels tested in the present investigation. Weight loss was more affected by higher enzyme con­centration than other physical properties. H2 was least affected by enzyme treatment for all three physical properties and fab­ric hand. 5 g/l concentration exhibited little difference from 3 g/l in the physical characteristics, whereas the KES-FB values indicated a significant loss of fabric hand in most PHV s with the 5 g/l concentration level. Among different garment parame­ters, all four fabric types were relatively inappropriate for the men's slacks (MS) fabric due to the lower hand value of koshi required by the MS parameter. However, despite the relatively low koshi values, high fukurami values required for men's dress shirt (MWDS) resulted in the highest THV among the four garment parmeters. The four fabric types, which represent the usage of four different wood pulps, in general seem to exhibit a higher applicability to women's winter thin dress (WWTD) than women's winter suit (WWS) garment parameter.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.183-197
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to compare the purchase intention on naturally dyed clothing between Korea and the US. As independent variables that affect the purchase intention, benefits that consumers seek when purchasing naturally dyed clothing, especially for fabric materials, and attitudes towards naturally dyed clothing were selected. A quantitative research method with a survey was employed. 160 data from Korea and 180 data from the US were used for the analysis. The convenience sampling method (i.e., college female students) was used. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test and regression analysis were employed to test the differences in purchase intention, fabric benefit sought, and the attitudes. The fabric benefit sought selected for this study includes eco-friendliness, uniqueness, aesthetic, comfort and quality. The attitude toward naturally dyed clothing was categorized as an emotional and a cognitive attitude. The results show the significant differences in the fabric benefit sought depending on nationality, major and experiences in natural dyeing. Significant differences were found in of the attitude toward naturally dyed clothing among the nationalities and the experience types in natural dyeing. In addition, there were significant differences in purchase intention toward naturally dyed clothing between Korean and the US participants, and countries show different fabric benefits and attitudes which influenced participants' purchase intention. The results of this study suggest an appropriate fabric planning for environment-friendly fashion products for both countries.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.295-304
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• 2015

This paper investigated wear comfort property of heat storage knitted fabrics for high emotional garment. For this purpose, ZrC imbedded PET knitted fabric was prepared and various physical properties such as thermal, wicking and drying characteristics were measured. In addition, far-infrared emission characteristics of ZrC imbedded PET was analysed and tactile hand property and dye affinity of ZrC imbedded knitted fabric were also studied in comparison with regular and other commercial heat storage PET knitted fabrics. It was observed that Zr imbedded amount in the yarn was 19.29% by ingredient analysis and far-infrared emission energy was $3.65{\times}10^2W/m^2$, emissivity was 0.906 at the range of wavelength $6{\sim}20{\mu}m$. It was found that maximum heat flow (Qmax) of ZrC imbedded PET knitted fabric was lower than that of regular PET one and warmth keepability rate was higher than that of regular PET one, which means ZrC imbedded PET have heat storage property. Drying property of ZrC imbedded knitted fabric was better than that of regular PET one due to heat by far-infrared emitted from ZrC in the core of filament. It revealed that wicking property of the ZrC imbedded fabric was not influenced by far-infrared emission, but affected by fibre physical properties. Tactile hand property of ZrC imbedded knitted fabric was not influenced by imbedding ZrC in the filament but affected preferably by structure of knitted fabric. Dye affinity of ZrC imbedded PET knitted fabric was less influenced by dyeing temperature and time than regular PET knitted one.

• Composites Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.32-38
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• 2010

The effect of the atmospheric pressure plasma(APP) treatments is experimentally investigated to ascertain the optimum condition to yield the best adhesive properties between a polyamide woven fabric and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber(NBR). For the atmospheric pressure flame plasma(APFP) treatment, the optimum number of treatment at given conditions is 2 times. The thermal deformation of the fabric is more serious with increasing the number of APFP treatment. The adhesive strength of the case with APFP treated fabric is increased about 35% when compare to the case with non-APFP treated one for the interface(bonding agent one or two coatings). When the surface is coated twice with the bonding agent, the adhesive energy with APFP treated fabric is increased about 4 times. It was found that the surface modification of polyamide woven fabric by APFP treatment is a fast, economic and applicable method to improve the adhesive properties between woven fabric and rubber when compared to other APP treatments.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2001

We investigate mechanical anisotropy dependent of rock fabric and its relationship with microcracks in the Pocheon Granite. Uniaxial compressive strengths range from 177MPa to 212MPa and the elastic constants are 48GPa-62GPa. The tensile strengths are 6.9MPa~8.5MPa and ultrasonic wave velocities range between 3,200m/sec and 3,700m/sec, indicating that mechanical anisotropy is strongly dependent of rock fabric. The minimum anisotropy ratio is 14% and the maximum is 24%, depend on the mechanical properties. The preferred orientations of microcracks are closely related with the directions of rock fabric. The preferred orientations of microcracks in feldspar are governed by the direction of mineralogical axis and are different from the directions of rock fabric. However, microcracks in quartz grains are very long and parallel to the directions of rock fabric, indicating that directions of rock fabric may be governed by the preferred orientations of microcracks in quartz grains. The preferred orientations of microcracks measured by differential strain analysis and microscopic observation are slightly different. That may be caused by different methodology. Lengths and numbers of microcrack are measured by microscopic observation. However, differential strain analysis measures the widths of microcracks.