• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2005

O-(3-[$^{18}$F]Fluoropropyl)-L-tyrosine (L-[$^{18}$F]FPT) was synthesized by nucleophilic radiofluorination followed by acidic hydrolysis of protective groups and evaluated with 9 L tumor bearing rat. L-[$^{18}$F]FPT is an homologue of O-(2-[$^{18}$F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (L-[$^{18}$F]FET) which recently is studied as a tracer for tumor imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). [$^{18}$F]FPT was directly prepared from the precursor of O-(3-ptoluenesulfonyloxypropyl)- N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-tyrosine methyl ester. FPT-PET image was obtained at 60 min in 9 L tumor bearing rats. The radiochemical yield of [$^{18}$F]FPT was 0-45% (decay corrected) and the radiochemical purity was more than 95% after HPLC purification. The total time elapsed for the synthesis of [$^{18}$F]FPT was 100 min from EOB (End-of-bombardment). A comparison of uptake studies between [$^{18}$F]FPT and [$^{18}$F]FET was performed. In biodistribution, [$^{18}$F]FPT showed similar pattern with [$^{18}$F]FET in various tissues, but [$^{18}$F]FPT showed low uptake in brain. Furthermore, [$^{18}$F]FPT showed higher tumor-to-brain ratio than [$^{18}$F]FET. In conclusion, [$^{18}$F]FPT seems to be more useful amino acid tracer than [$^{18}$F]FET for brain tumors imaging with PET.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.749-766
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• 2022

This paper investigates the seismic performance of exposed RCFST column-base joints, in which the high-strength steel bars (USD 685) are set through the column and reinforced concrete foundation without any base plate and anchor bolts. Three specimens with different axial force ratios (n = 0, 0.25, and 0.5) were tested under cyclic loadings. Finite element analysis (FEA) models were validated in the basic indexes and failure mode. The hysteresis behavior of the exposed RCFST column-base joints was studied by the parametrical analysis including six parameters: width of column (D), width-thickness ratio (D/t), axial force ratio (n), shear-span ratio (L/D), steel tube strength (f_y) and concrete strength (f_c). The bending moment of the exposed RCFST column-base joint increased with D, f_y and f_c. But the D/t and L/D play a little effect on the bending capacity of the new column-base joint. Finally, the calculation formula is proposed to assess the bending moment capacities, and the accuracy and stability of the formula are verified.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3309-3312
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• 2010

D-[$^{18}F$]FMAU and L-[$^{18}F$]FMAU are F-18 labeled nucleoside analogue which have been efficiently synthesized in order to be a PET imaging probe. D-[$^{18}F$]FMAU and L-[$^{18}F$]FMAU were compared as PET imaging agents using HSV1-TK gene expressing tumor-bearing mice. Their cellular uptake profiles were also compared using MCA and MCA-TK cell lines. D-[$^{18}F$]FMAU demonstrated higher cellular uptake and higher accumulation in MCA-TK tumor regions than L-[$^{18}F$]FMAU. On the other hand, L-[$^{18}F$]FMAU showed higher MCA-TK/MCA ratio of %ID/g than that of D-[$^{18}F$]FMAU. L-[$^{18}F$]FMAU can be utilized as a good candidate for HSV1-TK PET imaging. It can be used for antiviral drug evaluation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.533-538
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• 2000

In R.C. flat slab system, a brittle punching failure is a very fatal problem. But there is no generally well-defined answer to the problem and there are wide differences in current practical design codes. therefore, in this study, the factors affecting to punching failure mechanism have been studied to find out the punching shear behavior in R.C. flat slabs by comparing other investigations and practical design codes. Therefore, In this study, the factors affecting to punching failure mechanism have been studied to find out the punching shear behavior in R.C. flat slabs by comparing other investigations and practical design codes. The conclusions in this study are summarized as follows; 1) The factors affecting to punching shear are concrete strength ($f_\alpha$), ratio of column side length to slab depth (c/d), ratio of distance from column center to radial contraflexure (l/d), yield strength of steel ($f_y$), flexural reinforcement ratio ($\rho$) and size effects. 2) It is shown that th use of $\surd{f_{ck}}$in applying($f_\alpha$ to punching shear strength estimation may be more sensitive in high concrete strength. 3) The effects of l/d, ($f_y$, size are no clear in the punching failure mechanism, so in the future, it should be investigated with the effects of various composed load.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2014

To evaluate the improving effects of antioxidant activity, we observed antioxidant capacities such as electron donating ability (EDA), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO), and sensory characteristics on mixture of Smilax china L. root water extract added with water extract of fermented S. china L. leaf by Aspergillus oryzae (FSCL). Those contents of mixture with higher ratio of FSCL were proportionally high. And OD475 of mixture with higher ratio of FSCL was almost proportionally high ($R^2=0.9850$). Antioxidant capacities of EDA and FRAP of the mixture was higher than that of non-mixture. In addition, XO inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$) of A (1.19) was 59.80% higher than that of F (2.96), and the activity of mixture by the higher ratio of FSCL was proportionally low ($R^2=0.9490$). Taste acceptability of A was slightly higher than that of F, whereas that of C was highest. And color acceptability of 40-80% mixture was higher than those of A, F, and B. Overall acceptability of C and D was highest than those of others. Moreover, hot water extract of S. china L. leaf fermented with A. oryzae was maroon color, which looks like Puerh tea style, and mixture of S. china L. root extract added with hot water extract of S. china L. leaf was high acceptability of beverage. These results suggest that mixture of extract of S. china L. root and hot water extract of S. china L. leaf fermented with A. oryzae could improve antioxidant activities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.586-596
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• 2020

Chionanthus retusus has been used for landscaping and gardening trees, foods and medicines. This study was carried out to analyze the effect of fertilization on the growth performance of container seedlings (1-year-old) in C. retusus. We used multifeed 19 (MF) as a fertilizer, and measured the height, root collar diameter (RCD), biomass, seedling quality index (SQI) chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence of the seedlings. The findings of this paper showed that the height, RCD, H/D ratio, T/R ratio and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings increased after fertilization. The moisture content of the stem and root did not show any significant difference among fertilizations, except in the case of the leaf. Production distribution such as the dry weight ratio of leaves and the stem dry weight ratio of fertilized seedlings had a higher value than that of non-treatment. SQI was the highest in MF 1,000 mg/L and 2,000 mg/L treatment. Chlorophyll contents (SPAD value) also increased with the increase in fertilization concentrations. Chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m) showed the highest value of 0.8 in MF 2,000 mg/L treatment.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1961

Harn, Chang Yawl (Chonpuk U., Iri, Korea)-Studies on the interspecific crossing of FORSYTHIA genus. Kor. Jour. Bot. 4(1)1~8 1961: Interspecific crossing of two species, F. saxatilis and F. Koreana, was carried out in order to make clear the segregation ratio of style length, mode of fertility, the fertility of F1 generation, dioecism, and other taxonomic question, the result of which being summarized as follows: 1) Style length is segregated into 1:1 ratio. 2) The behaviro of fertility in the legitimate and illegitimate unions between the different species is exactly like that in the two dimorphic forms of the same species. 3) The mode of fertility between the long and short style of the F1 generation also follows that of the heterostyle plants. 4) No difficulties or irregularities are observed in the interspecific crossing and the F1's fertility. 5) In F1 generation exceedingly high morphological and physiological variations are observed. 6) The short style individual is well fertilized and sets seed when legitimately combined. The insistence that the short style is male, this genus being dioecious, is groundless. 7) Among F1 individuals, are observed a few dwarf-types with tiny and weak vegetative and reproductive organs. 8) The two species used behave in many ways like the different styles of the same species.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find clues to the risk of voice disorders in soprano students. The subjects of the study were 17 soprano students and 18 general students (women). The phonation of vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/ with C4 and F4 notes in each group were recorded. Then, only soprano students were made to record their classical vocalization containing vibrato. Formant, formant energy, bandwidth, VAI (vowel area index), VSA (vowel space area) and L/H ratio were analyzed. There was significant difference in F3 such that the singers' note was measured around 3 kHz which seems to be 400 Hz higher than one from general students. But, There was no significant difference in L/H ratio between soprano student and the general student. There was a significant difference in F3 in the comparison of the soprano students' two vocalization methods. Classical vocalization was measured at 200Hz higher than sustained phonation in F3. Vocal tract adjustment was made and vowel space changed, but there was no significant difference in F3 energy, which is the index of singers' formant according to the phonation method. The L/H ratio, which can be a direct indicator of vocal effort, has no difference in phonation method and is lowered in all phonation methods as the pitch increases. C4 and F4 pitches are lower than the singing range of the soprano. When the pitch changes, vocal effort increases like a general student which will be an indicator of the risk of vocalization. This will be a clue to the vocalization of the immature soprano student.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5261-5264
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• 2015

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of serum free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio (%fPSA) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in men with different serum total PSA (tPSA) categories. Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to December 2013, a total of 225 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) underwent tPSA and %fPSA measurements. Histological examination with calculation of Gleason score and whole body bone scans were performed in identified cases of PCa. Results: PCa was diagnosed in 44 (19.6%) patients and the remaining 181 patients had benign prostate disease. PCa was detected in 5 (23.8%), 13 (8.7%) and 26 (47.3%) cases with tPSA level ranges ${\leq}4ng/ml$, 4 to 10 ng/ml and >10 ng/ml, respectively. The average Gleason score was $7.2{\pm}0.2$. Some 6 (13.6%) out of 44 PCa patients had bone metastases. The sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 81.3% at the cut-off %fPSA of 15% in PCa patients with a tPSA level below 4 ng/mL. A lower %fPSA was associated with PCa patients with Gleason score ${\geq}7$ than those with Gleason score ${\leq}6$ ($11.7{\pm}0.98$ vs. $16.5{\pm}2.25%$, P=0.029). No obvious relation of %fPSA to the incidence of bone metastasis was apparent in this study. Conclusions: The clinical application of %fPSA could help to discriminate PCa from benign prostate disease in men with a tPSA concentration below 4 ng/mL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2000

The genetic makeup could be the most important among many factors affecting yield and quality of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.). The mammoth gene found in N. tabacum is associated with greater leaf number and poor leaf quality. This study was carried out to obtain the basic information about the inheritance of mammoth gene and white flower color. Two flue-cured breeding lines, KF 9373-2 and KF 8832-85, F$_1$, F$_2$, two parents backcrossed with F$_1$, and F$_3$ lines derived from cross of above two lines were investigated for flowering type(mammoth gene) and flower color. All plants of F$_1$ population revealed normal flowering type and pink flower color. The progeny of F$_2$ generation was segregated into the phenotypic ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 with normal flowering type and pink flower color, normal and white, non flowering type(NF) and pink, and NF and white, respectively. Among the progenies of back-crossing populations, the flowering type showed a segregation ratio of 1 : 1 as normal and NF in BP$_1$ and flower color did also 1 : 1 as pink and white in BP$_2$. All lines have the mammoth gene in F$_3$. that were selected in F$_2$ progeny as non flowering. But 9 lines among 14 were segregated with 3 : 1 as pink and white flower in F$_3$. which were selected in F$_2$ as pink flower color. These results indicated that the characters of mammoth gene and white flower were controlled by a pair of recessive genes, respectively.