• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.333-336
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• 2002

This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal dose of intravitreal gentamicin that decreases intraocular pressure effectively and minimizes complications in dog. After inhalation anesthesia, gentamicin was injected intravitreally into the left eyes at doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg with 1 mg dexamethasone, respectively. Sterilized isotonic saline and dexamethasone mixture into the right eyes for control. Six dogs were used in each group. Intraocular pressures were measured using applanation tonometer(Mentore, Tono-Pen) until 5 months after injection of gentamicin. Ocular examinations were performed using direct ophthalmoscopy. The ocular volumes of both eyes were measured. Intraocular pressures of eyes injected with 10. 15 and 20 mg of gentamicin were decreased significantly compared with control eyes. Severe corneal opacity and neovascularization occurred in 20 mg treated group. Intraocular hemorrhage was observed in 3 dogs of 20 mg treated group. Ocular volume was significantly decreased(p <0.05) in 20 mg treated group, compared with 10 and 15 mg treated group. It is considered that intravitreal gentamicin injection at dose of 10 mg or 15 mg decrease intraocular pressure effectively and minimize complications such as corneal opacity, hyphema and phthisis bulbus.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2018

Purpose: Visual information is one of the most important factors for postural balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual deprivation on the lower extremities and trunk muscle activity on an unstable surface during quiet standing. Methods: Fifteen healthy males from a university population participated in this study. Surface electromyography of the rectus abdominis, the erector spinalis, the vastus femoris oblique, the semitendinosis, the tibialis anterior, and the medial gastrocnemius was measured using EMG equipment (Telemyo 2400, Noraxon, USA). The participants were asked to maintain postural balance on an unstable surface (Balance pad, Airex, USA) for 30 seconds with eyes open and with eyes closed during quiet standing. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the muscle activity of the lower extremities and the trunk between open and closed eyes on an unstable surface. Results: The muscle activity of the trunk and the lower extremities was increased more with eyes closed than with eyes open on the unstable surface during quiet standing. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that visual information could alter lower extremity and trunk muscle activity. Therefore, visual deprivation can be used as a method to improve postural balance.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.699-710
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• 2021

In this study, we propose a biomimetic optical structure design methodology for investigating micro-optical mechanisms associated with the compound eyes of insects. With these compound eyes, insects can respond fast while maintaining a wide field of view. Also, considerable research attention has been focused on the insect compound eyes to utilize these benefits. However, their nano micro-structures are complex and challenging to demonstrate in real applications. An effectively integrated design methodology is required considering the manufacturing difficulty. We show that photorealistic ray-traced visualization is an effective method for designing the biomimetic of a micro-compound eye of an insect. We analyze the image formation mechanism and create a three-dimensional computer-aided design model. Then, a ray-trace visualization is applied to observe the optical image formation. Finally, the segmented images are stitched together to generate an image with a wide-angle; the image is assessed for quality. The high structural similarity index (SSIM) value (approximately 0.84 to 0.89) of the stitched image proves that the proposed MATLAB-based image stitching algorithm performs effectively and comparably to the commercial software. The results may be employed for the understanding, researching, and design of advanced optical systems based on biological eyes and for other industrial applications.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2000

VISX 엑시머레이저 굴절교정각막절제술의 경우 근시는 다영역 단연마법(Multi-zone, Single pass Ablation)으로, 근시성난시는 타원형 방식(Elliptical mode)에 의해 교정하는 원리를 채택하고 있다. VISX 20/20B $VisionKey^{TM}$ 엑시머레이저의 version 4.01 software를 이용하여 시술한 근시교정술(PRK)과 근시성난시교정술(PARK)의 임상성적에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 1995년 3월부터 1996년 12월까지 엑시머레이저 굴절교정각막절제술을 시행하고 술후 1년까지 경과관찰이 가능했던 PRK 152안, PARK 203안을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 나안시력, 교정시력, 굴절력, 안압, 각막 혼탁, 각막지형도 등을 술후 1, 3, 6 및 12개월에 검사하였으며, 모든 환자는 12개월 이상 경과 관찰하였다. 술후 1년에 나안시력이 0.7 이상인 경우가 -7D 미만의 PRK군(110안)에서 94.8%, PARK군(104안)에서 88.1%이었고, -7D 이상의 PRK군(31안)에서 86.1%, PARK군(57안)에서 67.1%이었다. 예측도가 ${\pm}1D$ 이내인 경우가 PRK 및 PARK에 따라 -7D 미만에서 97.4%, 93,2%이었고, -7D이상에서는 각각 80.6%, 70.6%이었다. 본 연구에서 종전의 보고된 연구 결과들에 비해 나안시력 개선 및 예측도 등에서 상대적으로 우수한 성적을 나타내었음을 알 수 있었다. 대부분의 근시와 근시성난시는 VISX 20/20B $VisionKey^{TM}$ 엑시머레이저를 이용하여 효과적으로 치료할 수 있었고 PARK에서도 PRK와 유사한 정도의 우수한 성적을 얻었으나, PRK에 비해 보다 정확한 중심잡기와 축정렬 등의 중의가 요망된다. 향후 멕시머레이저와 소프트웨어의 발전에 의해 두 군 모두에서 성적향상을 기대할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.235-237
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• 1997

Cataract and Retinal detachment eyes dogs were examined by ultrasonography. Ultrasonography of the immature and mature cataractous eyes showed echographic changes, and cataractous lens increased in thickness. The diagnosis of retinal detachment was made an echodense waving motion structure in the posterior segment was imaged. This investigation will provide basic information for the study of pathologic conditions affecting the eyes of dog using ultrasound unit commonly available to the veterinarian.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.411-414
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• 2002

Eighty five canine eyes performed phacoemulsification for cataract extraction between January 1999 and December 2001 were reviewed. Mean age was 7.26 years old and main breed was poodle (37 dogs). Mature cataract was 51.76％, immature cataract 27.05% and hypermature 21.18％. Improvement of vision was detected in 75 (88.24%) of 85 eyes at 4 weeks after surgery. Postoperative complications were posterior capsular opacification(6), partial posterior synechia(5), glaucoma(3) and uveitis(2). Reasons for failure of visual improvement among the patients performed phacoemulsification were mainly related to development of postoperative anterior uveitis, secondary glaucoma and progressive retinal degeneration.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2002

One problem of vision-based eye-gazed detection is that it gives low resolution. Base on the displacement of the eyes, we proposed method for vision-based eye-gaze detection. While looking at difference positions on the screen, the distance of the centers of the eyes change accordingly. This relationship is derived and used to map the displacement to the distance in the screen. The experiments are performed to measure the accuracy and resolution to verify the proposed method. The results shown the accuracy of the screen mapping function for the horizontal plane are 76.47% and the error of this function be 23.53%

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose the drowsiness detection method for car driver. This paper determines whether or not the driver's eyes are closed using the depth and infrared videos. The proposed method has the advantage to detect drowsiness without being affected by illumination. The proposed method detects a face in the depth picture by using the fact that the nose is closest to the camera. The driver's eyes are detected by using the extraction of harr-like feature within the detected face region. This method considers to be drowsiness if eyes are closed for a certain period of time. Simulation results show the drowsiness detection performance for the proposed method.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three visual conditions (eyes opened, eyes closed, and wearing of a head mounted display [HMD]) on single-leg standing through kinematics and kinetic analysis. Method: Twelve college students (age: $24.5{\pm}2.6years$, height: $175.0{\pm}6.4cm$, weight: $69.2{\pm}5.1kg$) participated in this study. The study method adopted three-dimensional analysis with six cameras and ground reaction force measurement with one force plate. The analysis variables were coefficient of variation (CV) of the center of body mass, head movement, ground reaction force, and center of pressure, which were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures according to visual conditions. Results: In most cases, the results of this study showed that the CV was significantly higher in the order of HMD wearing, eyes closed, and eyes opened conditions. Conclusion: Our results indicated that body sway was the largest in the HMD wearing condition, and the risk of falling was high owing to the low stability.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.7-7
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• 2000

This paper describes a mirror control system that can adjust the location of side and room mirror of the vehicle automatically using 3D coordinates to monitor the location of driver's eyes. Through analysis of the image inputted by two B/W CCD camera and infrared lamps installed on top of the driver's dashboard, we can estimate the values of 3D coordinate of the driver's eyes. Using these values, this system can determine the absolute position of each mirror and activate each actuator to the appropriate position. The stereo vision system can detect the driver's eyes whether it is day or night by virtue of infrared Lamps. We have tested this system using 10 drivers who drive a car currently, and most of the drivers were satisfied with the convenience of this system.