• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2014

Purpose of this study is to analyze eye movements of pre-service teachers and elementary students about a visual material of the change on the lunar phases. Eye-Tracker was used for analysis for eye-fixation time and eye movement at the structure, behavior, function question on the visual material. The Results were as follows. First, the pre-service teacher checked the visual materials from a holistic perspective depending on the function questions and fixed eye-fixation on the moon of the behavior question concerned. On the contrary, elementary school student only checked function of the moon located in the upper part and eye-fixation focus was spread here and there regardless of the questions. Second, the pre-service teacher gazed at the sun, earth and moon in a consecutive order depending on the questions to identify their spatial relations and checked location of the moon related to the question. On the contrary, the elementary school student did not view relations between earth, sun and moon from a spatial perspective. These findings indicate that the pre-service teacher conjures up the mechanism of the change on the lunar phases and confirms it in visual materials by visualizing change on the lunar phase model from earth's point of view while the elementary school student fails to take advantage of visual materials to visualize it from earth's point of view.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2016

Street is the most fundamental component of city and place to promote diverse actions of people. Pedestrians gaze at various street environments. A visual gaze means that there are interesting elements and these elements need to be preferentially improved in the street environment improvement project. Therefore, this study aims to set up the priorities of street environment components by analyzing eye movements from a pedestrian perspective. In this study, street environment components were classified into road, street facility, building(facade) and sky and as street environment images, three "Streets of Youth" situated in Gwangbok-ro, Seomyeon and Busan University of Busan were selected. The experiment targeted 30 males and females in their twenties to forties. After setting the angle of sight through a calibration test, an eye-tracking experiment regarding the three images was conducted. Lastly, the subjects were asked to fill in questionnaires. The following three conclusions were obtained from the results of the eye-tracking experiment and the survey. First, building was the top priority of street environment components and it was followed by street facility, road and sky. Second, as components to be regarded as important, fast 'Sequence', many 'Fixation Counts' and 'Visit Counts', short 'Time to First Fixation' and long 'Fixation Duration' and 'Visit Duration' were preferred. Third, after voluntary eye movements, the subjects recognized the objects with the highest gaze frequency and the lowest gaze frequency.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2007

We have measured EOG and fMRI simultaneously to investigate whether eye movement (blinking mechanism) might influence functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal response in the primary visual cortex. $T2^*-weighted$ Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) with concurrent electrooculogram (EOG) was acquired in four subjects while they viewed a fixation point and a checkerboard with a flickering rate of 8Hz. With the help of EOG information we divided the experimental blocks into two different conditions: fixation and moving eye. We have compared the fMRI data of these two conditions. Our results have shown that there is no difference between these two conditions. This might suggest that eye blinking does not affect BOLD signal changes in the primary visual cortex. This means further that eye blinking can be ignored in data processing.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.581-593
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 가상현실 시뮬레이션에서 아바타에 대한 사용자의 주의집중이 어떻게 일어나는가를 분석하기 위한 것이다. 주의집중 정도를 알기 위해서 시선추적 기법을 적용했으며, 이를 통하여 사용자가 아바타의 어느 부분에 초점을 두고 있는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 수업시뮬레이션에서 아바타에 대한 사용자의 시선응시 시간과 가상실재감을 분석했다. 실험참가자는 대학생 45명(여학생=21명, 남학생=24명)이었다. 이 연구에서는 가상현실 기반의 수업시뮬레이션이 사용되었으며, 교권침해에 대한 시나리오들이 적용되었다. 종속변수는 아바타에 대한 사용자의 시선응시시간이며 3개의 관심영역(AOI)에 대한 차이분석을 실시했다. 또한 실험조건에 대한 사용자의 가상실재감(공간실재감, 몰두감, 사실성)을 측정했다. 실험참가자는 두 가지 시나리오를 모두 경험했으며, 반복측정에 의한 다변량분산분석을 실시했다. 연구결과에 의하면 시나리오와 AOI에 의한 유의미한 상호작용이 있었고, 시나리오와 AOI에 따른 주효과도 유의미한 차이가 보였다. 시나리오의 유형과 상관없이 사용자는 언제나 아바타의 얼굴표정에 상당히 많은 시선응시를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2009

목적: 본 연구는 영국에서 개발된 컴퓨터 모니터용 검안프로그램 Test Chart 2000 Pro의 타당도(validity)를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법: Test Chart 2000 Pro와 한국표준검안법의 공통된 10종류 검안항목에 대하여, 각 항목별로 동일한 피실험자군을 대상으로 2가지 검안법을 함께 실시하고, 측정결과의 일치도를 비교분석하였다. 결과: 10종류의 비교실험 중 Snellen Chart, Cross-cyl Target, Duochrome Test, Fan and Block Test, Random Dot Stereograms에서는 한국표준검안법과 Test Chart 2000 Pro양측의 결과가 통계적으로 유의미한 일치를 보였으나, LogMar Chart, Single Letter Chart, Phoria Test, Fixation Disparity Test, Worth 4 Dot Test에서는 두 검안 방법의 결과에서 차이가 나타났다. 결론: 한천석 시력표와 포롭터로 이루어진 한국표준검안법을 기준으로 했을 때 Test Chart 2000 Pro의 타당도는 높지 않으며, 측정의 정확도 측면에서 개선이 요구된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between visual search, eye fixation positions, and eye fixation position on whole body regions while judging final matches of dance sports. Method: Ten experienced judges (male 6, female 4) and six dance sports couples belonging to the top Korean leagues in the Korea Dance sports Federation were participated. Wearable eye trackers were used for data collection. The independent t-test was conducted to examine the effects of gender, and the two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of judges' gender, dance event, and ranking. Results: It was found that the movement of male contestants was preferred, and the gaze fixation was high for torso movements in the judges' evaluations. Moreover, attention was focused on the upper body rather than the lower body; this was maintained for about seven seconds to evaluate each couple. Conclusion: This find was the relative comparison between the two couples was the determining factor in winning or losing.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2011

There are a method to analyze reactions or psychological condition and a method to observe visitor's behavioral reaction as methods to measure and evaluate humans' recognition behavior reaction of humans. The measure of the eye movement as a method to living body's reaction and psychological condition has an advantage to measure the information acceptance reaction of view recognition of the stimulus of view composition factors which has been used since a long time ago in other research areas, but almost not studies have been made on the exhibition views in museums. Therefore, on the premise of such recognition, this study aimed at obtaining various types of information through vision angles of visitor in exhibition space of an museum and judging space information, at measuring the condition of information acceptance through attention experiments and observation investigation of and finding out the disposition and characteristics so as to verify the relationship between the exhibition space and exhibition Method.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1999

Presses are very widely used in industrial and commercial companies and are often the source of serious accidents occurring during operation. In Korea, the press holds the first place in the industrial hazard machines for frequency of accidents. Most of the press accidents are due to the human error. Continuous recordings of eye and hand movements that included operating errors of five experienced subjects were made during the press operation. The results showed that significant differences were observed on eye fixation time, hand fixation time, and lead departure time between the operations that has errors and no errors. The result could be used as basic data to establish a guideline for preventing the accidents.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2019

Map labels are the most recognizable map elements using the human visual system because they are essentially a natural language. In this study, an experiment was conducted using an eye-tracker to objectively record and analyze the response of subjects regarding visual attention to map labels. A primary building object was identified by analyzing visit counts, average visit duration, fixation counts, and the average fixation duration of a subject's gaze for an area of interest acquired using the eye-tracker. The unmarked rate of map labels in Google map, Naver map, and Daum map was calculated. As a result, this rate exceeded fifty-one percent, with the lowest rate recorded for Google map. It is expected that the results of this study will contribute to an increase in the diversity of research in terms of the spatial cognition approach for map labels, which is more helpful to users than the existing body of work on methods of expression for labels.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.101-108
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• 1995

This paper presents an experiment which examines eye movement characteristics of novice and experienced workers in the press operation. Signficant difference between the novice and the experienced workers was observed in eye fixation time, eye movement patterns, hand duration time, and hand movement time. The results could be used to set up a guide to train the novice workers and to determine how long the novice should be trained.