• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.985-996
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• 2022

This study investigated the effects of light intensity on growth performance, blood components, eye condition, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty-two 1-day-old male chicks were assigned to one of four treatments (four repetitions per treatment, 22 birds per repetition) and reared in a floor pen for 5 weeks. From the second week, chicks were reared under four different levels of light intensity (5, 20, 35, and 50 lx) and the lighting duration was maintained at 18-hours light : 6-hours dark (18L : 6D). The feed intake and body weight were measured weekly. At 35 days of age, 12 birds per treatment were randomly selected for blood sampling, eye measurement, and carcass analysis. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among treatments. Triglyceride levels in the serum were significantly higher in the 5 lx treatment, and creatinine was significantly lower in the 5 lx treatment (p < 0.05). The heterophil : lymphocyte ratios decreased significantly as light intensity increased (p < 0.05); however, other blood cell compositions were not affected by light intensity. Interleukin-6 content was significantly higher in the 5 lx treatment than in other treatments (p < 0.05), but the content of tumor necrosis factor-α was not significantly different among treatments. Serum corticosterone concentration was significantly higher at 5 lx than at 20, 35, and 50 lx (p < 0.05). The corneal diameter was the highest in 5 lx treatment (p < 0.05), and tended to increase as the light intensity decreased. Other eye parameters were not significantly different among treatments, but displayed a tendency to increase as the light intensity decreased. Carcass yield and part yields were not affected by light intensity. Meat quality parameters (pH, color, cooking loss, and water-holding capacity) did not show significant difference among the treatments. The results indicate that a light intensity of 5 lx may increase physiological stress or have a negative effect on broiler welfare, even if the performance and carcass characteristics are not affected. Therefore, a light intensity of 20 lx or above is recommended considering both the growth performance and welfare of broilers.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2001

눈물 층을 사이에 두고 각막 위에 부착되어 있는 렌즈(하드렌즈)에는 모세관작용에 따른 장력이 렌즈가장자리에 균일하게 방사형으로 향하여 작용한다. 순목등에 의한 충격으로 평형상태의 렌즈가 평형 위치에서 벗어나게 되면 눈물층의 간격에 변화가 발생하고 이 변화에 의해 불균일 모세관작용에 기인하는 장력에 따라 렌즈에는 복원력이 발생하고 이 힘에 의해 렌즈는 감쇄운동(진동)을 하게 된다. 이러한 복원력을 계산하고 렌즈의 운동을 예측할 수 있는 미분방정식과 컴퓨터프로그램을 수립하였으며 이 컴퓨터 모델을 사용하여 렌즈의 구경, 베이스 커브, 눈물 층의 두께 등의 변수가 렌즈의 운동에 미치는 영향을 모사(模寫)하였다. 눈물층의 점성에 의한 마찰력이 관성력에 비해 크기 때문에 렌즈는 진동을 하지 않고 시간의 경과에 따라 일률적으로 변위가 감소하는 운동양상을 나타내고 있으며 렌즈의 구경이 증가할수록, 눈물층의 두께가 얇아질수록 복원력이 증가하며 따라서 렌즈가 원위치로 되돌아오는데 걸리는 시간이 짧아지고 있다. 그러나 렌즈의 베이스커브는 그 값이 특정 값을 가질 때 원위치 도달 시간이 최소가 된다. 렌즈의 공진진동수는 눈물층의 두께가 증가할수록 렌즈구경이 감소할수록 낮아지고 있으며 베이스커브가 특정 값을 가질 때 공진진동수 역시 최대가 된다. 실제로 콘택트렌즈를 착용한 상태에서 렌즈의 공진진동수와 동일한 진동수의 외부 충격이 렌즈에 가해지는 경우 급격한 렌즈의 상하 또는 좌우 진동이 예상되며 따라서 렌즈가 탈착 된다든지 또는 렌즈의 형상변형으로 인해 각막에 통증이 발생할 수도 있을 것이다. 고함수(高含水) 소프트렌즈와 강은 diaphragm 그 자체는 탄성이 거의 없다. 그러나 함수 소프트렌즈가 각막 상에 눈물 층을 사이에 두고 부착되어 있는 경우에는 눈물의 표면 장력에 의해 탄성이 유기(誘起)될 수 있으므로 진동의 영향이 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.2078-2083
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• 1970

The purpose of this study is to give the data neccesary for improving the planning of drainage structures, specially inverted siphons, in irrigation channels. With the samples of 15 drainage inlets, one drainage flume, 16 drainage inverted siphons and 6 drainage culverts in the 3 lines of irrigation channel under Chong-Won Irrigation Association, author abtained the following results. 1. It is presumed that design drainage discharge should be determined with some additional reserves, on the basis of the maximum rainfall intensity in local area and the size of drainage area on the topographical map, avoiding the way of eye measure. 2. Location of drainage inlet should be kept away from the place where topography can make lots of wash load, but when unavoidably allowing the inflow into irrigation channel, wash load outlet with even the purpose of drainage, or drainage flume in stead of drainage inlet should be taken account of. 3. It is presumed that drainage flume may be the structure which can perform its function from a structural point of view as far as topography permits. 4. Drainage inverted siphon should be avoided at any place as much as possible; a) In case that location of the siphon would be permitted only at paddy field, drainage area hauing the amount of discharge which requires more than 90cm in diameter could only be allowed. b) In this case, crest elevation of the tank of both inlet and outlet, at least, should not be lower than the surface level of paddy field. c) As far as topography and stratum permit, ratio of depth of outlet tank to head drop should be decreased as much as possible so that discharging efficiency of wash load could increase. d) In case of avoiding the setting of the siphon, irrigation aqueduct, irrigation inverted siphon, or drainage flume should be recommended in accordance with topography. 5. Discharging capability of wash load by drainage culvert appeared to depend hardly upon the diameter of the culvert, but greatly upon the location, specially near village, for there stones and dirts dumped may considerably be piled up. So, a counter plan for that is required.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2009

This study analyzed change of proteins in granulosa cells during the porcine follicuar development by proteomics techniques. Granulosa cells of the follicles, of which the diameter is $2{\sim}4\;mm$ and $6{\sim}10\;mm$, were collected from ovary of slaughtered pig that each follicle of diameter $1{\sim}4\;mm$ and $6{\sim}10\;mm$. We extracted glanulosa cell proteins by M-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent. Proteins were refined by clean-up kit and quantified by Bradford method until total protein was $200{\mu}l$. Immobilized pH gradient(IPG) strip used 18 cm, $3{\sim}10\;NL$. SDS-PAGE used 10% acrylamide gel. After silver staining, Melanie 7 and naked eye test were used for spot analyzation. Increasing proteins in glanulosa cell of $6{\sim}10\;mm$ follicle were 7 spots. This spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and searched on NCBInr. In results, 7 spots were similar to zinc/ling finger protein 3 precursor (RING finger protein 203), angiomotin, heat shock 60 kDa protein 1 (chaperonin) isoform 1 (HSP60), similar to transducin-like enhancer protein 1 (TLE 1), SH3 and PX domains 2A (SH3PXD2A). Those proteins were related with transfer between cells. Increase of proteins has an effect on follicular development.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.390-394
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• 2000

사람의 홍채 인식을 통항 보안 통제를 하기 위한 광학계를 설계하였다. 이 렌즈는 종색수차와 Petzval sum을 최소로 하는 triplet형이다. 초점거리를 50mm 유효경을 10mm로 하였고 물체로부터 상까지의 거리는 200mm-300mm로 고려하였다. 눈을 고려한 전체 광학계의 성능은 ray-fan과 spot diagram 그리고 회절광학적인 MTF를 계산하여 평가하였다. 홍채의 크기를 고려하여 물체 높이 0mm, 4mm 그리고 6mm 에 대하여, 파장은 Fraunhofer C, d 및 F-line에 대하여 모두 계산한 결과 spot 크기는 0.05mm 직경을 벗어나지 않았고 MTF 값도 물체 높이 6mm에 대한 486mm 파장의 sagittal MTF를 제외하고는 20 lines/mm의 공간주파수에서 0.5이상이 되었다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.361-366
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• 1995

A virus was isolated from petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) plants showing chlorotic ring spots on the leaves and color breaking on the flowers, and was identified as petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PAMV). Identification of the PAMV was established by host range test, electron microscopy, serological reaction, and physical properties of the virus. In the host range test, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. rustica, N. clevelandii, P. hybrida, Gomphrena globosa, and Chenopodium amaranticolor were systemically infected with the virus. The virus produced local lesions on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum‘Samsun’, N. tabacum‘Xanthi nc’, Datura stramonium, Vigna unguiculata‘White eye’, C. quinoa, Capsicum annuum, Vicia faba, and Lycopersicon esculentum‘Rutgers’. However, Cucurbita sativus and C. moschata did not show any symptoms. PAMV particles were isometric with 30 nm in diameter. The crude sap from G. globosa infected with the virus reacted positively with antiserum to tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) in agar gel double diffusion test. Thermal inactivation point of the virus was 8$0^{\circ}C$ and the virus retained its infectivity at the dilution of 10-4. Longevity in vitro of the virus was estimated longer than 35 days.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1995

1995년 3월 부산(釜山)에서 채집(採集)된 가시양태과(科) 어류(魚類) 5 개체(個體) (체장(體長) 142.2.-160.0mm)를 분류(分類)한 결과(結果) 지금까지 우리나라에서는 보고(報告)되지 않은 Hoplichthys gilberti Jordan and Richardson으로 동정(同定)되었다. 본 종(種)은 두부(頭部)와 가슴 부분이 심하게 종편되어 있는데 외부(外部) 형태적(形態的)으로는 H. langsdorfii와 아주 흡사(恰似) 하나 H. langsdorfii와는 달리 체측(體側) scute위에 1줄의 가시돌기가 나 있고, 가슴지느러미가 13+3이며, 문장(吻長)이 안경(眼經)과 거의 같다는 점에서 잘 구별되었기에 이들의 특징(特徵)을 기재(記載)하면서, 본종(本種)은 체측(體側)에 가시가 한개씩 나 있는 특징(特徵)에 따라 한국명(韓國名)을 "외가시양태"로 명명(命名)하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.356-363
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• 1994

출사동의 직경 0.5cm, eye-relief 1cm, 각배율 $M_a=7~15$인 가변배율의 접안경에 대한 Gauss광학적 해석과, 이 해석의 결과에 따른 접안경을 설계하였다. 망원경 대물경의 초점거리$(f_u')$는 21cm이고 그 직경은 6.2cm이다. 반시계각 $\beta는 1.5^{\circ}$이고 출사동에서 $\beta'=1.5^{\circ}\times(7~15)=10.5^{\circ}~22.5^{\circ}$ 이다. 이 zoom접안경은 세그룹으로 이루어져 있으며 각각의 그룹에서 Seidel $3^{rd}$ order aplanatization이 이루어져 있다. 최종 광설계는 optimization으로서 얻어졌으며 눈의 분해능을 기준으로 해서 접안경의 성능이 평가되었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.183-191
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• 1993

The homogeneous dose planning is one of the most important roles in radiation therapy. But, it is not easy to obtain a homogeneous dose to paranasal sinus region including the ethmoidal sinus with conventional irradiation techniques. In this experimental study, the authors tried to get a homogeneous dose at PNS region, but the nasal cartirage does not exceed the tolerance dose, with anterior-posterior beam and two both lateral wedged beams. Used three fields were shielded with full thickness of blocks to preserve the eye-balls and with blocks of one half value layer to create a homogeneous dose at the whole treatment volume. The dose computations are based on the three dimensonal structure with modified scatter contributions of partial shielders and attenuated beams in 6 MV photon beams. The dose distributions of mid-plane is examined with Kodak verification films and teflon-embedded TLD rod (1 mm diameter and 6 mm length) to confirm the computed dose. In our study, the whole PNS regions have shown within $85{\%}$ of the resultant isodose curves with relatively homogeneous dose distribution. The results of dose computation and measurements are agree well within $5{\%}$ uncertainties.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1990

할로겐 램프를 열원으로 하는 image furnace를 사용하여 소위 traveling solvent floating zone법에 의해 Mg TiO3(가이킬라이트) 고용체 단결정을 육성했다. 육성된 결정은 직경 8mm, 길이 100mm이였으며 성장측은(1010)이었다. MgTiO, 상은 고온에서 일정한 공용영역을 나타내고 있으며 완만한 속도로 냉각시키면 TiO, 성분이 결정학적 방위의 콘트롤을 받아 (0001)면에 평행하게 용출됨으로써 광채효과를 나타낸다. 육성된 boul은 검은색을 띠고 있으나 1100℃ 산소분위기에서 annealing시킬 경우 반투명한 단양한 색깔을 보여 준다. 따라서 가이킬라이트는 새로운 종류의 인공캣츠아이로 활용될 수 있다.