• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.875-885
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• 2022

This study was performed to confirm the optimal extraction method for antimicrobial peptides from the Hard-shelled mussel. Extractions were performed with two processes including 1% HAc/boiling and 1% HAc/non-boiling methods and used extracts for the comparison of the antimicrobial activity, protease stability, action mechanism, AU-PAGE (acid-urea PAGE), and HPLC chromatograms. 1% HAc/boiling extract showed potent antibacterial activities both against Gram-positive and negative bacterium but 1% HAc/non-boiling extract showed antibacterial activity only against Gram-positive bacteria. Treatment of 1% HAc/boiling extract with proteases retained almost antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, but abolished significant antibacterial activity against E. coli D31. Only 1% HAc/boiling extract showed two discrete clearing antibacterial zones including slow migrating and rapid migrating zones. Both extracts showed strong DNA-binding ability but did not show bacterial membrane permeabilizing ability. In comparison of the chromatogram obtained from C₁₈ or cation-exchange HPLC, the eluted peaks from 1% HAc/boiling extract showed high hydrophobic property or absorbance compared to 1% HAc/non-boiling extract, respectively. The concentration of the purified antimicrobial peptide was also higher in 1% HAc/boiling extract than in 1% HAc/non-boiling extract. Our results suggest that the effective extraction condition for antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrate is boiling process in a weak acetic acid solution (1%).

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

The desire to be light skinned is universal among women. Asia has a long history of using skincare formulations as whitening agents. There is an imperative need to develop novel cosmetics from herbal sources due to several unpleasant side effects and high costs. As a result, this study aims to investigate the effect of Ceylon black tea extracts on melanogenesis. Five different Ceylon black tea extracts were prepared and examined for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, B16F10 melanoma cells were treated with these extracts and tested for cytotoxicity and protein suppression levels. According to the results of this study, the highest TPCs were obtained from ethanol and acetone extractions (240.303 ± 1.389 ㎍/g and 240.202 ± 4.700 ㎍/g, respectively), whereas the highest TFC was obtained from acetone extraction (57.484 ± 0.413 ㎍/g). Ceylon black tea extracted with ethanol exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on tyrosinase with an IC₅₀ value of 0.277 ± 0.017 mg/mL and the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with an EC₅₀ value of 0.009 ± 0.000 mg/mL. Furthermore, western blot results revealed that tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF protein expression levels were dose-dependently suppressed, indicating the applicability of Ceylon black tea extract as a novel melanogenesis inhibitor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2022

Objectives: This study determined the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on extraction socket bone regeneration and assessed the patterns and determinants of bone regeneration after the surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: This prospective study randomly allocated 90 patients into two treatment groups: A PRF group (intervention group) and a non-PRF group (control group). After surgical extractions, the PRF group had PRF placed in the extraction socket and the socket was sutured, while the socket was only sutured in the non-PRF group. At postoperative weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12, periapical radiographs were obtained and HLImage software was used to determine the region of newly formed bone (RNFB) and the pattern of bone formation. The determinants of bone regeneration were assessed. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The percentage RNFB (RNFB%) was not significantly higher in the PRF group when compared with the non-PRF group at postoperative weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12 (P=0.188, 0.155, 0.132, and 0.219, respectively). Within the non-PRF group, the middle third consistently exhibited the highest bone formation while the least amount of bone formation was consistently observed in the cervical third. In the PRF group, the middle third had the highest bone formation, while bone formation at the apical third was smaller compared to the cervical third at the 8th week with this difference widening at the 12th week. The sex of the patient, type of impaction, and duration of surgery was significantly associated with percentage bone formation (P=0.041, 0.043, and 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: Placement of PRF in extraction sockets increased socket bone regeneration. However, this finding was not statistically significant. The patient's sex, type of impaction, and duration of surgery significantly influenced the percentage of bone formation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2022

Objectives: To compare the vital sign stability and cost of two commonly used sedatives, midazolam (MDZ) and dexmedetomidine (DEX). Patients and Methods: This retrospective study targeted patients who underwent mandibular third molar extractions under intravenous sedation using MDZ or DEX. The predictor variable was the type of sedative used. The primary outcome variables were vital signs (heart rate and blood pressure), vital sign outliers, and cost of the sedatives. A vital sign outlier was defined as a 30% or more change in vital signs during sedation; the fewer changes, the higher the vital sign stability. The secondary outcome variables included the observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale, level of amnesia, patient satisfaction, and bispectral index score. Covariates were sex, age, body mass index, sleeping time, dental anxiety score, and Pederson scale. Descriptive statistics were computed including propensity score matching (PSM). The P-value was set at 0.05. Results: The study enrolled 185 patients, 103 in the MDZ group and 82 in the DEX group. Based on the data after PSM, the two samples had similar baseline covariates. The sedative effect of both agents was satisfactory. Heart rate outliers were more common with MDZ than with DEX (49.3% vs 22.7%, P=0.001). Heart rate was higher with MDZ (P=0.000). The cost was higher for DEX than for MDZ (29.27±0.00 USD vs 0.37±0.04 USD, P=0.000). Conclusion: DEX showed more vital sign stability, while MDZ was more economical. These results could be used as a reference to guide clinicians during sedative selection.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2023

Objectives: Drug holidays are suggested to reduce the formation of osteonecrosis in patients under intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates (BPs) therapy. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) following tooth extraction in cancer patients using IV BP, and to assess the effect of drug holiday on the development of MRONJ. Patients and Methods: A manuel search of the patient folders of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University was undertaken to identify cancer patients who used IV BPs and had at least one tooth extraction between 2012 and 2022. Patents' age, sex, systemic condition, the type of BP used, duration of BP used, number of tooth extraction, duration of drug holiday, localization of tooth extraction and incidence of MRONJ were recorded. Results: One hundred nine teeth were removed from 57 jaws in 51 patients. All tooth extractions were performed under perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and with primary wound closure. The incidence of MRONJ was 5.3%. Stage 1 MRONJ developed in 3 patients (only one had a drug holiday). The median duration of drug holiday was 2 months. No significant difference between the patients with and without a drug holiday and MRONJ development was found (P=0.315). The mean age of patients developed MRONJ was 40.33±8.08 years. A statistically significant difference was found between age and MRONJ development (P=0.002). Conclusion: The effect of a short-term drug holiday on the development of MRONJ may be limited because BPs remain in bone tissue for a long time. Drug holidays should be applied with the approval of an oncologist with other preventive measurements.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Mining activities, smelter discharges, and sludges are the major sources of heavy metal contamination to soils. The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of magnetite and bottom ash derived from coal ash in remediating As-contaminated soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: An incubation experiment was conducted for 10 weeks. Magnetite and bottom ash at different rates and ratios were applied to each plastic bottle repacked with 1,000 g of dried As-contaminated soil. After 3-weeks of incubation, the concentrations of available As were measured by using Mehlich-3, SBET, and sequential extraction methods. All of the subjected soil amendments resulted in significant decreases in available As concentration compared to the controls. The addition of magnetite at the highest rate was the best to stabilize As in the soils; however, the values of As concentration varied with the extraction methods. CONCLUSION(S): To ensure the stabilization accuracy of heavy metals in soil, both single and sequential extractions are recommended. The magnetite derived from fly coal ash can also be applicable as a heavy metal stabilizer for the As-contaminated soil.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.420-424
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• 2023

2020년 제주도 동백동산 내 구실잣밤나무 수피에 고약병과 관련된 Septobasidium sp.가 발견되었다. 분리한 균주는 습실 처리하여 새로 생성된 균사에 대한 genomic DNA를 추출한 뒤 internal transcribed spacer 및 small subunit rDNA 유전자에 대해 염기서열을 밝혔으며 polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism 분석을 통해 균주들간의 분자학적 특성이 조사되었다. 이 새로운 Septobasidium sp.은 기존에 알려진 고약병들과 형태학적 및 계통학적으로 다르게 나타나 새로운 종으로 보고한다. 또한 이 고약병은 관찰 당시 주변의 다른 수목들에서는 발생하지 않고 오직 구실잣밤 나무에서만 나타나는 특성으로 기주특이성이 매우 높다는 것이 확인되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2024

무치악 환자에서 임플란트를 이용한 보철치료는 임플란트 고정성 보철, 임플란트 융합 국소 의치, 하이브리드 보철물, 임플란트 유지 및 지지 피개의치 등의 다양한 방법이 있다. 본 증례에서는 중등도 이상의 만성 치주염에 이환 되어 전악 발치가 필요한 환자에서 computer guided surgery를 이용하여 계획된 위치에 임플란트를 식립하였다. 상악은 불량한 골질로 초기고정력이 충분하지 않아 지연 부하를 시행하였고 골 유착 기간 동안 임시 의치를 사용하였다. 하악은 안정적인 초기 고정을 얻어 즉시 부하를 이용하여 환자의 불편감을 감소시켰다. 임플란트 일차 안정은 즉시 부하를 얻기 위해 가장 중요한 요소로 여겨지기 때문에 수술 전 반드시 임상적, 방사선학적 평가를 통해 잔존 치조골 양 및 골질을 파악해야 한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1999

사포닌 함량과 PD계 사포닌과 PT계 사포닌의 조성 비율이 상이한 사포닌 분획물 TS-1, TS-2, TS-3 즉 주종 ginsenoside의 총함량$(G-Rb_1,\;-Rb_2,\;-Rc,\;-Rd,\;G-Re,\;-Rf,\;-Rg_1)$은 각각 $41\%,40\%,62\%$이고, PD계 사포닌과 PT계 사포닌의 함유 조성비율(PD/PT)이 각각 1.55, 2.25, 2.61인 시료를 6년근 홍삼으로부터 추출 제조하여, 생체외 실험으로 음경해면체 절편에 대한 이완반응과 생체내 실험으로 사포닌분획물 투여에 따른 음경 해면체내압의 변화에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. PHE에 의해 수축된 음경해면체 절편에 대한 이완 반응은 홍삼 사포닌은 각각 농도 의존적 이완작용을 보였으며, 음경 해면체평활근의 이완작용에 있어 각 분획물의 $ED_{50}$은 TS-1이 1.68, TS-2, 1.97, TS-3, 2.29 mg/ml서 TS-1이 가장 의의있게 낮았다. 이러한 홍삼 사포닌 분획물의 이완효과 기전은 음경 해면체평활근에 NO나 칼슘 및 칼륨 통로 등에 영향을 미쳐 복합적인 이완작용을 보이는 것으로 사료되었다. 흰쥐를 이용한 생체내 실험으로 홍삼 사포닌 투여에 따른 음경해면체내압의 변화 조사에서 각 사포닌 분획물은 농도의존적으로 해면체내압의 증가를 야기시켰다. 이들 해면체내압의 증가 정도는 TS-1이 가장 강하였고,TS-2,TS-3 순이었다. 이상의 결과로부터 홍삼의 사포닌 분획물은 음경해면체평활근의 이완작용과 내압의 증가에 영향을 미쳐 음경발기의 상승을 야기시키는 효과가 있으며 그 효과는 그 함유 조성에 따라 차별성이 있다는 것이 확인되었으므로 금후 주요 활성성분의 구명이 요망되고 있다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.825-838
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• 1998

본 연구는 네 개의 소구치 발치 후 교정치료시 아직 성장중인 청소년과 왕성한 성장 시기를 지난 성인간의 연조직 변화의 차이를 관찰하고자 한다. 서울중앙병원 교정과에 내원한 환자중 남자 18세 및 여자 16세를 기준으로 성인군과 청소년군으로 연구대상을 나눈 후 두군간 연조직 변화를 조사하였다. 교정치료에 의한 치아 및 경조직의 변화를 포함하여 연조직 변화에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상한 구순후경, 앵글씨 구치관계 및 치열궁길이 부조화 등을 변수로 하여, 변수와 연조직 변화와의 상관관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 경조직 계측항목중 성인의 Is, Ii, UIPP, L1MP의 감소와 청소년의 Is, Ii 감소 및 A, Pog'의 증가가 유의성이 있었고, 수직변화는 성인의 Pog의 증가, Ii의 감소와 청소년의 모든 항목의 증가가 유의성이 있었다. 2. 연조직 계측항목중 성인의 Ls, Li, ILS의 후방이동과 청소년의 Sn, SLS, Ls, Pog'의 전방이동이 유의성을 보이고, 수직 변화는 성인에서 볼 수 없는 반면 청소년에서는 모든 항목에서 유의성 을 보이며, 청 소년의 이순각의 감소, 성인과 청소년의 ${\Delta}LsE,\;{\Denta}LiE$ 및 청소년의 ${\Delta}LiSP$ 등에서 유의차를 보였다. 3. 수직, 수평 기준선에 대한 경,연조직 변화간 상관관계는 성인에서 ${\Delta}VIs와\;{\Delta}VLs$가 가장 컸고, 그 다음으로 ${\Delta}Ii/{\Delta}Li,\;{\Delta}Ii/{\Delta}ILS,\;{\Delta}ID/{\Delta}Li와\;{\Delta}ID/{\Delta}ILS$ 등이 높았으며 청소년에서는 수직, 수평 변화의 모든 항목간 유의성이 높았다. 4. 연조직 Profile변화는, 상하전치절단연의 후방견인 및 치축변화가 두군간 연조직변화와의 상관성에 차이를 보이나, 하순의 이동은 공통적으로 경조직 변화에 덜 영향받으며, 두군에서 비순각 및 이순각은 유의성있는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 5. 상순후경이 얇을수록 두군 모두 Sn-Pog'에 대하여 상순이 더 많이 후퇴하였고, 하순후경이 얇을수록 청소년군에서만 E-line 및 Sn-Pog'에 대하여 하순이 더 많이 후퇴하였다. 6. 치료전 앵글씨 구치관계는 연조직변화에 영향을 주지 못하였다. 7. 치료전 치열궁길이 부조화는 연조직변화에 영향을 주지 못하였다.