• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.157-160
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• 2006

Three different forms of Undaria pinnatifida, the southern form (U. pinnatifida f. typica), the northern form (U. pinnatifida f. distans), and Samcheok form (recently cultivated strain), were examined for the contents and compositions of fucoidans. Fucoidans were extracted from the dried edible portions of three forms of U. pinnatifida in low pH condition, mainly by ethanol precipitation and CaCl2 treatment. It was shown that Samcheok form contains 1.8 and 3.5 times more fucoidans than the northern and the southern forms, respectively. The monosaccharide compositions of individual fucoidans were also varied. The fucoidans from the southern and the northern forms were shown to be composed of mainly fucose and galactose with the molar percentage ratios of 83.5%:16.5% and 87.4%:12.6%, respectively, indicating that these are F-type fucoidans. The fucoidan from Samcheok form, however, consisted of fucose (62.7%), galactose (32.9%), and small amount of glucose (4.4%). The results of this study showed that both amount and monosaccharide compositions of fucoidans are variable depending on U. pinnatifida forms.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2013

The hydrolysates prepared with various enzyme digestion of Capsosiphon fulvescens were used to measure the inhibitory effects against angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). The commercially available enzymes such as Celluclast, Viscozyme, Lysing enzyme, Flavourzyme, Alcalase and Pectinex were used to digest C. fulvescens and produce hydrolysates. The maximum ACE inhibitory activity was observed using Alcalase hydrolysis (72.9%). The optimal conditions of Alcalase extraction were pH 8.0 and extraction time for 12 hr. The hydrolysates were fractionated using preparative-LC and anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and the fraction B and B-2 were isolated. The ACE inhibitory activity of fraction B-2 by anion-exchange chromatography was 82.6%. The molecular weight of fraction B-2 estimated using size exclusion chromatography was about 1 kDa. The monosaccharide composition of the fraction B-2 was determined to be mannose (1.1%), glucuronic acid (1.3%), galactose (1.3%) and glucose (96.3%).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of monosaccharides extracted by saturated portland cement solution on the cement setting in comparision with the inhibitory index (I) of each lignocellulosic-cement system. The wood species which have been widely reforested in Korea, Populus alba-grandulosa, Larix leptolepis, Abies holophylla, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Pinus densiflora and agricultural wastes of rice husk and rice stalk were used at this study. The wood meal, 0.50g on dry weight basis, through 0.83 mm(20 mesh) and retained on 0.35mm (40 mesh) screen was extracted by 25 ml saturated portland cement solution and the pH of saturated portland cement solution Was 12.7. To eliminate cation exsisting in the extracted solution, the cation exchange column was used (Fig. 4). Afterwards the extracted monosaccharides were reduced into alditols with sodium borohydride and analyzed by the gas-liquid chromatography for xylan, mannan, arabinan, galactan, gluean. The heat of cement hydration for lignocellulosic-cement system was measured in Dewar flask (Fig. 2). And then the inhibitory indices were calculated from maximum hydration temperature, time and maximum slops of hydration curve of ligno cellulosic-cement systems. The results obtained were as follows; (1) The inhibitory index of pines-Pinus rigida (I=29.33) and Pinus densiflora (I=35.76), were lower than that of poplar-Populus alba-glandulosa (I=41.48), and the index of Larix ieptoiepis (I=73.00) was the highest among eight lignocellulosic-cement systems, and accordingly both Pinus rigida and Pinus des(flora were seemed to be good wood species for wood-cement composite manufacture. (2) In case of Pinus rigida, the inhibitory index was 29.33 and the ratio of the hexoses to the pemoses was 6.04 and in case of Larix leptolepis, the index and the ratio were 73.00 and 35.19, respectively. Therefore the inhibitory index increased with increasing the ratios of the hexoses to the pentoses. (3) The richer amount of xylose and mannose in species caused decreasing the slops of the hydration curve of the lignocellulosic-cement system, prohahly due to the chemical adsorption of the acetyl groups in the hemicellulose on the surface of cement grains. (4) The amoun of xylose and mannose were significant to the inhibitory index of each lignocellulosic-cement system but any specific relation between the amount of glucose and inhibitory index was not found.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.105-115
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• 2006

Fucoidan has been shown to exhibit a host of biological activities, including anti-coagulant, anti-thrombotic, anti-tumourigenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-complementary and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we attempted to determine the effects of Fucoidan on both apoptosis and cell proliferation in the hippocampal CA1 region and the dentate gyrus of gerbils after the induction of transient global ischemia. This experiment involved the use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay as well as immunohistochemisty for caspase-3 and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). The monosaccharide composition of the purified Fucoidan which had been extracted from Laminaria religiosa was utilized in this study. The present study clearly induces that apoptotic cell death and cell proliferation in the gerbil's hippocampal regions increased significantly following the induction of transient global ischemia and the results of this study also indicate that Fucoidan exerted a suppressive effect on this observed ischemia-induced increase in apoptosis within the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and also suppressed cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.24.1-24.7
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• 2019

Sporophylls from sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, which are by-products in seaweed production industries, were taken from Hansan Island, Tongyeong, and Gijang, Busan, and investigated for their fucoidan content and corresponding antioxidant activities. The extracted fucoidan yield from sporophylls of sea mustard samples from Tongyeong (TF) and Gijang (GF) were 12.1% and 13.6%, respectively. The antioxidant activities assessment of TF and GF extracts showed relative significant difference between samples, suggesting effect of location on bioactivities of fucoidan samples. GF was 50-68% more effective than TF against DPPH and superoxide radicals samples which may be attributed to the difference in their degree of sulfation and monosaccharide composition. Meanwhile, TF exhibited greater scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals compared to GF which could be due to protein impurities.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.787-793
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• 2008

A major polyphenolic compound extracted from omija (Schisandra chinensis) fruit was structurally identified, and its composition of major nutrients was investigated as well in this study. A dominating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peak of water-extracted anthocyanin represented 94.1% of total absorbable compounds at 520 nm, which was further identified with HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS). As a result, mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the predominant anthocyanin was determined to be 727, and it was identical to molecular mass of cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside (Cya-3-O-xylrut). This is the first report that colorant of omija is predominantly composed of Cya-3-O-xylrut. Omija fruit contained exclusively 3 types of monosaccharide such as glucosc (0.68 g), galactose (0.01 g), and fructose (0.52 g) per 100 g of fruits. Several organic acids, citric (3.29 g), malic (1.4 g), acetic (0.4 g), and succinic acids (0.36 g) per 100 g of fruits, were detected by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) analysis. During the compositional analysis of tree amino acid by HPLC, it was noticed that omija fruit contained substantial amount (0.01 g/100 g of fruits) of $\gamma$-amino butyric acid (GABA).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 1988

To find antitumor components from the higher fungi of Korea, the mycelia of Favolus alveolarius (Fr.) Quelet were cultured in a liquid medium. The cultured mycelia were extracted with hot water twice, and a high molecular weight fraction was obtained by adding two volumes of ethanol to the extract. Two grams of Fraction A were obtained by dialyzing it. It was further separated into four fractions by gel filtration with Sepharose CL-4B, and they were designated Fractions B, C, D, and E. The results of the antitumor test showed that Fractions A, B, C, D and E had tumor inhibition ratios of 92.3, 78.5, 59.6, 77.4 and 62.2%, respectively. Anthrone test was carried out to determine the contents of total polysaccharide of the five fractions, and they had 46.3, 27.3, 65.3, 64.6, and 46.1%, respectively. The contents of the total protein of the five fractions were 29.4, 13.9, 14.3, 14.3, and 29.1%, respectively. Monosaccharide subunits of each fraction were analyzed with gas chromatography, and glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose and fucose were identified. Fraction A was examined for immunological effects. It increased the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells 12.8 times to that of the control group, and the population of macrophage in peritoneal cavity 3.2 times to that of the control group.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2007

Crude fucoidan was extracted from the sporophyll of Korean Undaria pinnatifida collected at a coastal area ofWando, Korea, mainly by dilute acid extraction, ethanol precipitation, CaCU Precipitation, with an yield of approxi-mately 3.9% in mass. It was further purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and its chemical composi-don and in vitro anticoagulant activity was determined. The average molecular mass of the purified fucoidan wasestimated about 2.1 x 103 kDa by size-fractionation HPLC and it consisted of neutral sugar (52.34% in mass), uronicacid (26.2%), and sulfate esters (7.4%). From the HPAEC-PAD analysis, the monosaccharide composition of thepurified fucoidan was shown to be fucose, galactose, xylose, and mannose, with a molar ratio of 1, 0.2, 0.02, 0.15,respectively, demonstrating that major monosacd-iande was fucose (72.3% in mol percentage) and other sugars,xylose (1.5%), galactose (14.6%), and mannose (10.9%) were present as minor component. The results suggested thatthis fucoidan is a sulfated, U-type fucoidan. The activated partial thrombloplastin time (APTT) assay of the purifiedfucoidan showed that the purified fucoidan elicited anticoagulant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Five jUg ofsporophyll fucoidan delayed the blood clotting time up to 5 times than untreated control and also up to 1.5 timesthan the same amount of the commercial fucoidan, respectively. Although it is preliminary, these results suggestthat the fucoidan of Korean Undaria vinnatifida sporophyll would be promising candidates for the development ofan anticoaeulant.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

Proton-NMR spectroscopic method was applied to kinetic study of concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis reaction, especially focused on 2nd step of acid hydrolysis with deferent reaction time and temperature as main variables. Commercial xylan extracted from beech wood was used as model compound. In concentrated acid hydrolysis, xylan was converted to xylose, which is unstable in 2nd hydrolysis condition, which decomposed to furfural or other reaction products. Without neutralization steps, proton-NMR spectroscopic analysis method was valid for analysis of not only monosaccharide (xylose) but also other reaction products (furfural and formic acid) in acid hydrolyzates from concentrated acid hydrolysis of xylan, which was the main advantages of this analytical method. Higher temperature and longer reaction time at 2nd step acid hydrolysis led to less xylose concentration in xylan acid hydrolyzate, especially at $120^{\circ}C$ and 120 min, which meant hydrolyzed xylose was converted to furfural or other reaction products. Loss of xylose was not match with furfural formation, which meant part of furfural was degraded to other undetected compounds. Formation of formic acid was unexpected from acidic dehydration of pentose, which might come from the glucuronic acid at the side chain of xylan.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.296-299
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• 1990

As an improved preparation method of Shikhae, a tea-bag system containing malt and amylolytic enzymes was developed in which extraction of malt enzymes and saccharification occured efficiently. The amylolytic activity of the malt was increased by adding the mixture of ${\alpha}-amylase$, glucoamylase and glucoisomerase. Malt and the mixture of enzymes were placed in tea-bag $(16{\times}20cm)$, extracted in water at $30-40^{\circ}C$ for 1-2 hours and followed by saccharification of the cooked rice at $60-70^{\circ}C$ for 3-4 hours. In the conventional Shikhae, content of maltose was about 50% and that of oligosaccharides larger than trisaccharides was about 40% of total sugar. The content of monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose was about 95% and this improved method would be effective for increasing the sweetness and the monosaccharide contents in the product.