• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.31-66
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to examine that internal virtue (i.e. virtue between organizational members) and external virtue (i.e. virtue between organizational members and external members) positively associate with job performance when considering organizational identification, positive work-related identity, affective commitment, emotional exhaustion, and collective self-esteem as mediators. Virtue in organization has received attention as critical attribute of positive organizational scholarship. Cameron(2003) defined the study of virtue as a study of the capacity, attributes, and reserve in organization that facilitates the expression of positive deviance among organization member. In addition, this study contributes to the qualitative investigation on how internal giving virtue (i.e. the employees' virtue for their organization), internal receiving virtue (i.e. virtue employees receive from their organization), external giving virtue (i.e. the organization's virtue for society), and external receiving virtue (i.e. virtue the organization receives from society), used as independent variables, influence job performance after creating research model for the four virtuous behaviors through qualitative research. Therefore, this research contributes to the creation of research model for virtuous behaviors within organizations and virtuous behaviors with external members through qualitative study and sheds light on how these variables influence job performance by virtue of qualitative research.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1-34
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• 2014

This study suggests internal and external virtuous behavior in organization influenced employees' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), organizational loyalty and emotional exhaustion through mediated effect of affective commitment and collective self-esteem. Virtue in organization has received attention as critical attribute of positive organizational scholarship. Cameron(2003) defined the study of virtue as a study of the capacity, attributes, and reserve in organization that facilitates the expression of positive deviance among organization member. Accordingly, this study presumed that virtuous behaviors within organization positively associate with OCB, and organizational loyalty through affective commitment whereas the virtuous behaviors negatively influence emotional exhaustion. On the other hand, we assumed that external virtuous behaviors positively associate with OCB and organizational loyalty and negatively associate with emotional exhaustion individually. In study 1, we conducted interview with Korean employees created items for internal and external virtue, and implemented empirical study for 253 employees of domestic companies in study 2. This study contributes to the empirical investigation on how internal virtue (i.e. the employees' virtue for their organization) and external virtue (i.e. the organization's virtue for society), used as independent variables, influence employees' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), organizational loyalty and emotional exhaustion after creating items for the two virtuous behaviors through qualitative research.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.62
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• pp.145-176
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• 2016

This paper aims to define the leadership of Gunja (君子, translated into prince, gentleman, or ideal man) based on Confucian Classics which offer the general values and norms of individuals' virtue and social virtuous acts. Thus, humanitarianism is regarded as true value, and the values of a virtuous person who properly practices social human relationships are discussed. The real worth of Gunja image is discussed as a true human image of "self-completion and completion of all things" (成己成物) which involves the convergence of truth, good and beauty where there is a sense of harmony and balance, where there is stern self discipline and self cultivation and where win-win values of human relationships are created. Confucian saint (聖人), wise man (賢人), great man (大人), and gentleman (君子) mean social leaders. They practice human morals, enlighten and beautify society with teachings, and are indicated as equipped with mental and material harmony, good character and competence, and economic power and morality. People today pursue their own personal growth according to their material preferences rather than pure intellectual cultural values, and are engrossed in visually beautiful external unlimited competition. In this digital age, we are supposed to demonstrate our individuality, but many people are obsessed with appearance, go on severe diet, and lose their health beauty, and consequently suffer mental stress. This trend fuels obsession with appearance and the sick practice of valuing appearance. As an alternative method to overcome this phenomenon, we need a leader image with the convergence of truth, good and beauty, which is characterized by internal self cultivation, external professionalism, and handsome and solid character. Confucian thoughts consist in practicing the Way of disciplining oneself for governing others (修己治人). Self discipline involves developing personal virtuous ability for cultivating a virtuous character, and governing others involves interacting to work together in society and to have right human relationships. Thus, leaders should impress not only themselves but also others. Self discipline for governing others means cultivating virtue for oneself and leading others. A true leader has self introspection and establishes himself through self discipline so that he can govern others or reach the realm of settling others where people live together. As all things have a value and a virtue, humans endeavor to cultivate character and virtue by learning and studying for securing their professionalism, reliability, character and ability, so as to create their own brand value. Personal character does not come from a high position, wealth and power. Character is a personal virtue, and is cultivated as immaculate and fresh through self discipline. As such, it well matches with a clean and clear spirit. This offers the ideal leader as the Guja image who has an extremely humane character, as well as being equipped with inherent virtues of intellect, benevolence and courage. Self development can foster virtue and self management through self leadership and self discipline. The leader in the relationship area can practice his virtue through virtuous acts, in other words, even think from another person's perspective. Such leader is mentioned as the principle of measuring square in the Great Learning. In our viewpoint, the beauty of character can breed the seed of virtue through intellect, benevolence and courage, the beauty of win-win can realize the right virtue by showing exemplary acts to others through considerateness, and the beauty of harmony can love and care for others like me through the principle of measuring square, thereby realizing the universal principle of virtue and harmony, which is like my mind. As such, the ideal leader, when his virtue and mind of being considerate of others all blending well, can exercise his ability to the full, can live together and coexist with many people, and can grow again into a triumphant relationship.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.46
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• pp.189-234
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• 2023

The most common and prevailing system of virtue ethics is based around the idea of personality rather than external behavior and it grew out of the Aristotelian system of virtue ethics. The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of the virtue ethics found within Daesoon Thought through comparison to Aristotelian virtue ethics. This can serve as a basis to establish the virtue ethics of Daesoon Thought in further studies. The systems of virtue ethics posited by the two traditions are similar in that they are both teleological as the virtues they recognize are related to human nature in the context of certain metaphysical assumption and they both exhibit the characteristic tendencies of seeking to realize the highest human good. Therefore, in the Aristotelian context, virtues can be defined as "characteristics needed for the realization of eudaimonia," and for Daesoon Thought, virtues are "characteristics needed for the realization of the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence." The representative virtues examined in this comparative study will be the Aristotelian Golden Mean, and the the concepts of guarding against self-deception and great benevolence and great justice in Daesoon Thought. In comparison to Aristotelian virtues, these differ in three main ways. First, Aristotelian virtue is not an innate aspect of character the way it is assumed to be in Daesoon Thought wherein the original human heart bestowed by Heaven is already virtuous. Second, mental virtue in the Aristotelian context centers the mind upon reason whereas in Daesoon Thought, the heart-mind exhibits both reason and emotional concern for others. Third, eudaimonia is a concept limited to humans and their societies whereas the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence is a good that includes all beings including divine beings, animals, plants, and Heaven and Earth. Despite the differences, both require practical reason, continuous education, and effort to succeed in the cultivation of virtues and the proper implementation of virtuous living.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.503-515
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• 2014

On the basis of Hoek-Brown failure criterion, a numerical solution for the shape of collapsing block in the rectangular cavity subjected to seepage forces is obtained by upper bound theorem of limit analysis. The seepage forces obtained from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution are taken as external loadings in the limit analysis, and the pore pressure is easily calculated with pore pressure coefficient. Thus the seepage force is incorporated into the upper bound analysis as a work rate of external force. The upper solution of the shape of collapsing block is derived by virtue of variational calculation. In order to verify the validity of the method proposed in the paper, the result when the pore pressure coefficient equals zero, and only hydrostatic pressure is taken into consideration, is compared with that of previous work. The results show good effectiveness in calculating the collapsing block shape subjected to seepage forces. The influence of parameters on the failure mechanisms is investigated.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.231-253
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• 2014

This paper aims to investigate epistemic principles and practical virtue items in Confucism about formation of social capital in a community. First, I have reviewed the basic perspective of Confucism utilizing holistic point of view, which is based on the theory of Yum-Yang, and human relationship in terms of role harmony, which is based on the theory of Si-Wi. I have then explored several items, some of which are Jung and Hwa as an internal value criterion, Ui and Ye as an external one. Analyzing other items such as In and Deok as directional items, Chung-Seo and Hyeol-ku-ji-do as epistemic items and Hyo and Ye as practical ones, I have found out that all of them, mentioned above functioned as factors of social capital in a community. Therefore, we emphasize that Confucian epistemic principles and practical virtue items can not only function as components of social capital in modern communities but have useful and practical implications for policy in modern community welfare.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.153-192
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• 2014

This article's purpose is to overcome the inadequacy of deliberative democracy for communication on the basis of Haewonsangsaeng. The inadequacy of deliberative democracy for communication is presented as the following two. First, as deliberative democracy treats civic virtue as instrumental thing, deliberative democracy is still in moral solipsism. Second, as deliberative democracy doesn't consider 'the inequality of power' among diverse political positions, the project of deliberative democracy for communication ends up in the exposure of the inequality of power among diverse political positions. Sangsaeng in Haewonsangsaeng concerned with inter-relationship over individualism treats civic virtue as original motility. In this context, Sangsaeng in Haewonsangsaeng is the alternative notion to overcome the first inadequacy of deliberative democracy for communication. Haewon in Haewonsangsaengas is the condition for Sangsaeng. and Haewon's method is to exclude or to eliminate the structural frame of Sanggeuk meaning mutual conflict and antagonism. This article presents two structural frame of Sanggeuk. First, First structural obstacle as internal obstacle is suggested through analyzing pluralism on the basis of existential philosophy. The result of the analysis is the 'antagonism' between the hegemonical value and the peripheral value. Second structural obstacle as external obstacle is the extinction of public sphere caused by the growth of market and the expansion of bureaucracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2012

Shoulder MRArthrography was performed to get an accurate diagnosis about complex anatomical structure in shoulder joint. We carried out how the changes of anatomical rotations in shoulder joint could bring certain diagnosis effects on MRI images for various shoulder humerus positions; Neutral position, Internal rotation position and External rotation position. In addition, we prepared an aid tool in oder to maintain the right posture of a patient. This aid tool was made by adapting Modeling Design Program. By virtue of this aid, we obtained the following result. Shoulder MR Arthrography by the External rotation position for anatomical structure diagnosis was the most suitable in diagnostic evaluations of important anatomical structures in shoulder joint such as Biceps tendon, Supera-spiatus tendon, Sub-scapularis tendon, Labrum and Sub-acromial space.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1537-1548
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• 2004

This paper presents a novel diagnostic technique for monitoring the system conditions and detecting failure modes and precursors based on wavelet-packet analysis of external noise/vibration measurements. The capability is based on extracting relevant features of noise/vibration data that best discriminate systems with different noise/vibration signatures by analyzing external measurements of noise/vibration in the time-frequency domain. By virtue of their localized nature both in time and frequency, the identified features help to reveal faults at the level of components in a mechanical system in addition to the existence of certain faults. A prima-facie case is made via application of the proposed approach to fault detection in scroll and rotary compressors, although the methods and algorithms are very general in nature. The proposed technique has successfully identified the existence of specific faults in the scroll and rotary compressors. In addition, its capability of tracking the severity of specific faults in the rotary compressors indicates that the technique has a potential to be used as a prognostic tool.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.758-768
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• 2005

The ball screw actuated by the electric motor is widely used as an essential actuator for driving the mechanical system by virtue of accuracy and force transmission capability. In this paper, a design of the global sliding mode control is presented to drive the ball screw actuator along the minimum time trajectory, In the proposed control scheme, if the ranges of parametric uncertainties and torque limits of the system are specified, the arrival time of the load along the minimum time trajectory can be estimated. Also, the arriving time at the reference input and the maximum acceleration are expressed in a closed form solution. Conversely, the capacity of a ball screw actuator including the motor can be easily designed if the external load and its transportation time are specified. The superior performance of the proposed control scheme and analysis is validated by the computer simulation and experiments comparing with other sliding mode controllers.