• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate children's emotional regulation and social competence in relation with peer friendliness. Specifically, it examined the hypotheses that children's emotion regulation strategies would be different depending on age, gender, and peer friendliness, and that children's emotion regulation strategies would affect their social competences. The subjects were 197 of the second, fourth, and sixth graders in an elementary school located in Gangdong-gu, Seoul. The findings are as follows: first, children's emotion regulation strategies are different according to gender and age. Girls use more 'external response strategy' than boys do. Elder children use more 'internal response strategy' than younger children, and younger children use more 'problem solving strategy' than elder children. Second, children's emotion regulation strategies are different depending on the degree of peer friendliness. Children employ more 'problem solving' and 'internal response' strategies to close friends rather than to just friends. Children used more the strategies as 'request for social support', 'evasion', and 'external response' to just friends rather than to close friends. Finally, children's social competencies are influenced by the strategies of 'problem solving' and 'evasion'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2017

PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationship among hip adduction angle, tibial rotation, and ITB length during an Ober test to determine the most appropriate position for performing the test. METHODS: The study included thirty-nine asymptomatic participants (23 males, 16 females). Their hip adduction angles were measured using the Ober test during three tibial rotation conditions (internal tibial rotation, external rotation, and neutral position). ITB length was calculated by measuring the position of the patella to lateral femoral condyle using ultrasonography (patella-condyle distance; PCD). RESULTS: The relationship among hip adduction angle, tibial rotation, and ITB length was analyzed under the three conditions using the Pearson correlation. The hip adduction angle of the internal tibial rotation, the external rotation, and the neutral position were significantly related to ITB length. Moreover, the hip adduction angle measured during the internal tibial rotation had the highest correlation with ITB length among the three conditions (r=.58, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Internal tibial rotation caused by the Ober test led to increased iliotibial band (ITB) tension and a decreased adduction angle. These findings support that tibial rotation influences the flexibility of ITB. Therefore, therapists should consider the position of the internal tibial rotation when taking measurements using an Ober test.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2020

This paper investigates how economic freedom affected firm investment in Vietnam. In the globalization decade, economic freedom has been an important policy to support economic development in Vietnam. Improvements in economic freedom, such as capital freedom and domestic credit freedom, allow firms to access external finance more easily, so that the firm's investment depends less on internal cash flow. In a developing country, on the drawbacks, many small and medium firms likely have more challenges if the government would not give any subsidies. The higher level of freedom may exacerbate the financing constraints of less competitive firms. We analyze unique firm-level data from 2006 to 2016, which includes listed firms on two major stock exchanges and unlisted firms in the Unlisted Public Company Market. The article also considers how economic freedom affects small firms and large firms differently. Our results show that capital freedom and domestic credit freedom played an important role in investments for Vietnamese firms. However, we cannot find evidence that overall economic freedom relaxed the financial constraints on firms. Additionally, we suggest that small firms likely gain more advantage in access to external finance than do larger firms when the government removes restrictions from capital movement and the domestic credit market.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1024-1033
• /
• 2016

In this study, a system is proposed for analyzing whether driver's eyes are open or closed on the basis of images to determine driver's drowsiness. The proposed system converts eye areas detected by a camera to a color space area to effectively detect eyes in a dark situation, for example, tunnels, and a bright situation due to a backlight. In addition, the system used a thickness distribution of a detected eye area as a feature value to analyze whether eyes are open or closed through the Support Vector Machine(SVM), representing 90.09% of accuracy. In the experiment for the images of driver wearing glasses, 83.83% of accuracy was obtained. In addition, in a comparative experiment with the existing PCA method by using Eigen-eye and Pupil Measuring System the detection rate is shown improved. After the experiment, driver's drowsiness was identified accurately by using the method of summing up the state of driver's eyes open and closes over time and the method of detecting driver's eyes that continue to be closed to examine drowsy driving.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.203-221
• /
• 2014

This study examines the effect of external environments such as technological change and competitive intensity on HQ-subsidiary cooperation. It was empirically tested by a Korean sample to verify the validity of the research framework. The empirical result confirms that external environments increase the odds of HQ-subsidiary cooperation. The result also indicates that technology change and HQ-subsidiary cooperation are related. The data support that firms facing a high rate of technology change stress the relationship between headquarters and foreign subsidiaries. The result also confirms that competitive intensity directly influences HQ-subsidiary cooperation.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.1204-1215
• /
• 1998

In this paper, we propose a scenario representing method, a specification language, and a verification technique for OARTS(Object based Approach for Real-Time Systems). As well as the general modeling method(event trace diagram), this study includes a specification language and a verification technique because there was no study about methodological level technique for scenario development as yet. Centering around the synchronization problem of transition of external modules which are the communication interfaces based on the objects, we lay stress on the representation of sequence of external events and internal action transitions. From the results of practical experiences, it has been ascertained that the proposed method reflect well the requirements in the analysis step, and its validity of the representation has been identified by a conceptual verifier. We support that it can serve as an analyzing tool for representing a general real-time scenarios also.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.196-200
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle activity of the trunk muscles during balance exercises on a stable and unstable surface in patients with stroke. Methods: Thirteen subjects (8 males, 5 females) with stroke were enrolled in the study. Muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG electrodes from the affected side of the erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles. The exercise was performed under three conditions. For the first condition for balance exercise, subjects were instructed to sit on an exercise mat with legs extended. The second condition was to sit with legs extended, with a balance pad under their buttocks. The third condition was to sit with legs extended, have a balance pad under the buttocks and a balance cushion under the lower legs. Results: This study showed significant differences in EMG activities during both arm lifting exercise and weight shifting exercise between conditions. This study showed that the EMG activities of the erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles were significantly higher when the trunk exercise was performed using the balance pad with balance ball than when using the stable surface. Conclusion: In conclusion, performing balance exercises using an unstable surface is a useful method for facilitating trunk-muscle strength and hence trunk stability.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.442-451
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of the rapid rise in oil prices on fisheries economy. Even though fishery oils are tax exemption items, such increase in oil prices put a great amount of pressure on Korean fishing operations. Because basically the recent oil shock is externally given, Korean fisheries themselves have little capacity to cope with the disruption of economic environments. The research results turned out that Korean fisheries are extremely vulnerable(or fragile) to external shocks. In this regard, government support issues of oil costs are in the center of debate. It is widely recognized that direct/indirect government financial supports or subsidies would result in economic inefficiency in expense of equity. However, there are second best theories which may justify government intervention into the markets. This second best theory is translated into the constitutional law that instructs the government to protect and promote the primary industries including fisheries, agriculture, and midium/small-scale enterprises. It is apparent that the constitutional law would provide the government with a variety of policy instruments such as more active buy-back programs, tax exemptions and technological development to deal with fisheries economic hardship due to the external pressure such as high oil prices and international fishery orders.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.417-425
• /
• 2016

Desalination is a key technology to overcome water shortage problem in a near future. High energy consumption is an Achilles' heel in desalination technology. Osmotically driven membrane processes like forward osmosis(FO) was introduced to address this energy issue. Characterizing membrane properties such as water permeability(A), salt permeability(B), and the resistance to salt diffusion within the support layer($K_{ICP}$) are very important to predict the performance of scaled-up FO processes. Currently, most of researches reported that the water permeability of FO membrane was measured by reverse osmosis(RO) type test. Permeating direction of RO and FO are different and RO test needs hydraulic pressure so that several problems can be occurred(i.e. membrane deformation, compaction and effect of concentration polarization). This study focuses on measuring water permeability of FO membrane by FO type test results in various experimental conditions. A statistical approach was developed to evaluate the three FO membrane properties(A, B, and $K_{ICP}$) and it predicted test result by the internal and external concentration polarization model.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.349-358
• /
• 2001

A novel electro-mechanical implantable ventricular assist system is developed as a bridge to transplantation or recovery for patients with end-stage heart failure. The developed system is composed of an implanted blood pump, an external monitoring system which stores data, and a wearable system including a portable external driver and a portable power supply system. The blood pump is designed to be implanted into the left upper abdominal space and provides blood flow from the left ventricular apex to the aorta. The pulsatile blood flow is generated by a double cylindrical cam. There was mo excessive heat emission from the blood pump into the temperature-controlled chamber in the heat test and no stagnated flow within the blood sac by the observation in the flow visualization test. Animal experiments were performed using sheep and calves. The maximum assist flow rate reached 7.85L/min in the animal experiment. The evaluation results showed that the developed system was feasible for the implantable ventricular assist system. The long-term in vitro durability test and mid-term in vivo experiments are in progress and mow the modified next model is under development.