• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2016

The importance of energy saving technology for managing greenhouse was recently highlighted. For practical use of energy in greenhouse, it is necessary to simulate energy flow precisely and estimate heating/cooling loads of greenhouse. So the main purpose of this study was to develope and to validate greenhouse energy model and to estimate annual/maximum energy loads using Building Energy Simulation (BES). Field experiments were carried out in a multi-span plastic-film greenhouse in Jeju Island ($33.2^{\circ}N$, $126.3^{\circ}E$) for 2 months. To develop energy model of the greenhouse, a set of sensors was used to measure the greenhouse microclimate such as air temperature, humidity, leaf temperature, solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration and so on. Moreover, characteristic length of plant leaf, leaf area index and diffuse non-interceptance were utilized to calculate sensible and latent heat exchange of plant. The internal temperature of greenhouse was compared to validate the greenhouse energy model. Developed model provided a good estimation for the internal temperature throughout the experiments period (coefficients of determination > 0.85, index of agreement > 0.92). After the model validation, we used last 10 years weather data to calculate energy loads of greenhouse according to growth stage of greenhouse crop. The tendency of heating/cooling loads change was depends on external weather condition and optimal temperature for growing crops at each stage. In addition, maximum heating/cooling loads of reference greenhouse were estimated to 644,014 and $756,456kJ{\cdot}hr^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

With the introduction of new technologies, ground weapons have led to the development of artificial intelligence and the attention of major developed countries. In this study, CFD was performed through the BLU-103 model to obtain aerodynamic data for aircraft that are subjected to rotational motion. To simulate the steady-state of a rotating body, the body was fixed and the principle of rotating the body by rotating the surrounding air was used. In order to examine the aerodynamic feasibility of the rotating aircraft, the analysis was carried out at intervals of $30^{\circ}$ angle from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ for the simple shape and the side slip angle. It was confirmed that the drag coefficient for the simple model satisfies the quantitative results of 1.0 ~ 1.2 through CD presented in "Drag Book". The aerodynamic data was constructed by applying the valid input verified through the simple type analysis conditions to the actual shape, and the tendency was analyzed. The analysis confirmed that CX, CZ and CY increase not only in the simple model but also in the rotation of the actual model. Especially, the influence of CZ was judged to have contributed to the flight.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6115-6120
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• 2014

Background: To compare the KKU-model rectal tube (KKU-tube) and the conventional rectal tube (CRT) for checking rectal doses during high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Between February 2010 and January 2011, thirty -two patients with cervical cancer were enrolled and treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). The KKU-tube and CRT were applied intrarectally in the same patients at alternate sessions as references for calculation of rectal doses during ICBT. The gold standard references of rectum anatomical markers which are most proximal to radiation sources were anterior rectal walls (ARW) adjacent to the uterine cervix demonstrated by barium sulfate suspension enema. The calculated rectal doses derived from actual anterior rectal walls, CRT and the anterior surfaces of the KKU-tubes were compared by using the paired t-test. The pain caused by insertion of each type of rectal tube was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The mean dose of CRT was lower than the mean dose of ARW ($Dmean_0-Dmean_1$) by $80.55{\pm}47.33cGy$ (p-value <0.05). The mean dose of the KKU-tube was lower than the mean dose of ARW ($Dmean_0-Dmean_2$) by $30.82{\pm}24.20cGy$ (p-value <0.05). The mean dose difference [($Dmean_0-Dmean_1$)-($Dmean_0-Dmean_2$)] was $49.72{\pm}51.60cGy$, which was statistically significant between 42.32 cGy -57.13 cGy with the t-value of 13.24 (p-value <0.05). The maximum rectal dose by using CRT was higher than the KKU-tube as much as 75.26 cGy and statistically significant with the t-score of 7.55 (p-value <0.05). The mean doses at the anterior rectal wall while using the CRTs and the KKU-tubes were not significantly different (p-value=0.09). The mean pain score during insertion of the CRT was significantly higher than the KKU-tube by a t-score of 6.15 (p-value <0.05) Conclusions: The KKU-model rectal tube was found to be an easily producible, applicable and reliable instrument as a reference for evaluating the rectal dose during ICBT of cervical cancer without negative effects on the patients.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2015

The purpose of ICT Healing platform is the prevention of chronic disease. It is intended to early warning of the disease through the information such as the bio-signals and lifestyle. In this paper, we provide a 2-Step open system(TOS) for personalized health data access. TOS is connected between the personal health related data providers and service providers of individuals ICT Healing platform, a software engine for relaying personalized health data. The proposed system, to operate in isolation to 2 step in personal health document repository Inbound module and Outbound module to provide an inquiry service to external organizations. Therefore, we propose a personalized editable Manifest concept for defining data exchange between Step. This can be used as a reference model to collect the personal health information is scattered in many health related service institutions (Hospitals, Fitness Centers, Health Examination Centers, Personal Health Device, etc.) and under private-led liberalization.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.648-658
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• 1998

In this paper, the effect of the gap in the ground plane on the electromagnetic interference (EMI) is analyzed quantitatively. Because of a lot of advantages compared to other numerical techniques, the FDTD (finite difference time domain) is applied to the EMI effect modeling. The analyzed model is the simplified PCB (printed circuit board) which has a microstrip and ground plane. The inductance induced by the gap is modeled and calculated by gridding the whole PCB based on the FDTD algorithm. When external cables are attached to the PCB, the common-mode current is induced along the attached cable and the resulting electric field strength is calculated and presented along with the FCC and CISPR EMI limits. The results show that the radiated field strength highly depends on the size of the ground plane gap. The numerical simulation results can be used as a reference in the practical PCB design with the ground plane gap.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2016

In this study, a novel method referred as non-marker vision-based displacement measuring system(NVDMS) was introduced in order to measure the displacement of structure. There are two distinct differences between proposed NVDMS and existing vision-based displacement measuring system(VDMS). First, the NVDMS extracts the pixel coordinates of the structure using a feature point not a marker. Second, in the NVDMS, the scaling factor in order to convert the coordinates of a feature points from pixel value to physical value can be calculated by using the external conditions between the camera and the structure, which are distance, angle, and focal length, while the scaling factor for VDMS can be calculated by using the geometry of marker. The free vibration test using the three-stories scale model was conducted in order to analyze the reliability of the displacement data obtained from the NVDMS by comparing the reference data obtained from laser displacement sensor(LDS), and the measurement of dynamic characteristics was proceed using the displacement data. The NVDMS can accurately measure the dynamic displacement of the structure without the marker, and the high reliability of the dynamic characteristics obtained from the NVDMS are secured.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2022

When the rolling stocks run on the curve, the external rail has to be lifted to a certain level to balance the centrifugal force acting on the train body. Under such a situation, passengers may feel uncomfortable, and the slanted vehicle has the potential overturning risks at high speed. This paper conducted a wind tunnel test in an annular wind tunnel with φ=3.2 m based on a 1/20^th scaled high-speed train (HST) model. The sensitivity of Reynolds effects ranging from Re = 0.37×10⁶ to Re = 1.45×106 was tested based on the incoming wind from U=30 m/s to U=113 m/s. The wind speed covers the range from incompressible to compressible. The impact of roll angle ranging from γ=0° to γ=4° on train aerodynamics was tested. In addition, the boundary layer development was also analyzed under different wind speeds. The results indicate that drag and lift aerodynamic coefficients gradually stabilized and converged over U=70 m/s, which could be regeared as the self-similarity region. Similarly, the thickness of the boundary layer on the floor gradually decreased with the wind speed increase, and little changed over U=80 m/s. The rolling moment of the head and tail cars increased with the roll angle from γ=0° to γ=4°. However, the potential overturning risks of the head car are higher than the tail car with the increase of the roll angle. This study is significant in providing a reference for the overturning assessment of HST.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 1985

A derivation of new release limit, named Derived Release Limit(DRL), into the atomsphere from a reference nuclear power plant has been performed on the basis of the new system of dose limitation recommended by the ICRP, instead of the (MPC)a limit which has been currently used until now as a general standard for radioactive effluents in Korea. In DRL Calculation, a Concentration Factor Method was applied, in which the concentrations of long-term routinely released radionuclides were in equilibrium with dose in environment under the steady state condition. The analytical model used in the exposure pathway analysis was the one which has been suggested by the USNRC and the exposure limits applied in this analysis were those recommended by the USEPA lately. In the exposure pathway analysis, all of the pathways are not considered and some may be excluded either because they are not applicable or their contribution to the exposure is insignificant compared with other pathways. In case, the environmental model developed in this study was applied to the Kori nuclear power plant as the reference power plant, the highest DRL value was calculated to be as $9.10{\times}10^6Ci/yr$ for Kr-85 in external whole body exposure from the semi-infinite radioactive cloud, while the lowest DRL value was observed 3.64Ci/yr for Co-60 in external whole body exposure from the contaminated ground, by the radioactive particulates. The most critical exposure pathway to an individual in the unrestricted area of interest (Kilchun-Ri, 1.3 km to the north of the release point) seems to be the exposure pathway from the contaminated ground and the most critical radionuclide in all pathways appears to be Co-60 in the same pathway. When comparing the actual release rate from KNU-l in 1982 with the DRL's obtained here the release of radionuclides from KNU-1 were much lower than the DRL's and it could be conclued that the exposure to an individual had been kept below the exposure limits recommended by the USEPA.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2013

Previous studies about effect of respiratory motion on diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy have been performed by monitoring external motions but these can not reflect internal organ motion well. The aim of this study was to develope the artificial pulmonary nodule able to perform non-invasive implantation to dogs in the thorax and to evaluate applicability of the model to respiratory motion studies on PET image acquisition and radiation delivery by phantom studies. Artificial pulmonary nodule was developed on the basis of 8 Fr disposable gastric feeding tube. Four anesthetized dogs underwent implantation of the models via trachea and implanted locations of the models were confirmed by fluoroscopic images. Artificial pulmonary nodule models for PET injected $^{18}F$-FDG and mounted on the respiratory motion phantom. PET images of those acquired under static, 10-rpm- and 15-rpm-longitudinal round motion status. Artificial pulmonary nodule models for radiation delivery inserted glass dosemeter and mounted on the respiratory motion phantom. Radiation delivery was performed at 1 Gy under static, 10-rpm- and 15-rpm-longitudinal round motion status. Fluoroscpic images showed that all models implanted in the proximal caudal bronchiole and location of models changed as respiratory cycle. Artificial pulmonary nodule model showed motion artifact as respiratory motion on PET images. SNR of respiratory gated images was 7.21. which was decreased when compared with that of reference images 10.15. However, counts of respiratory images on profiles showed similar pattern with those of reference images when compared with those of static images, and it is assured that reconstruction of images using by respiratory gating improved image quality. Delivery dose to glass dosemeter inserted in the models were same under static and 10-rpm-longitudinal motion status with 0.91 Gy, but dose delivered under 15-rpm-longitudinal motion status was decreased with 0.90 Gy. Mild decrease of delivered radiation dose confirmed by electrometer. The model implanted in the proximal caudal bronchiole with high feasibility and reflected pulmonary internal motion on fluoroscopic images. Motion artifact could show on PET images and respiratory motion resulted in mild blurring during radiation delivery. So, the artificial pulmonary nodule model will be useful tools for study about evaluation of motion on diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy using laboratory animals.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2019

As a sub-concept of corporate or organization governance, business governance and IT governance have become major research topics in academia. However, despite the importance of process as a construct for mediating the domain between business and information technology, research on process governance is relatively inadequate. Process Governance focuses on activities that link business strategy with IT system implementation and explains the creation of corporate core values. The researcher studied the basic conceptual governance models of political science, sociology, public administration, and classified governance styles into six categories. The researcher focused on the series of metamodels. For examples, the traditional Strategy Alignment Model(SAM) by Henderson and Venkatraman which is replaced by the neo-SAM model, organizational governance network model, sequential organization governance model, organization governance meta model, process governance CUBE model, COSO and process governance CUBE comparison model, and finally Process Governance Framework and etc. The Major difference between SAM and neo-SAM model is Process Governance domain inserted between Business Governance and IT Governance. Among several metamodels, Process Governance framework, the core conceptual model consists of four activity dimensions: strategic aligning, human empowering, competency enhancing, and autonomous organizing. The researcher designed five variables for each activity dimensions, totally twenty variables. Besides four activity dimensions, there are six driving forces for Process Governance cycle: De-normalizing power, micro-power, vitalizing power, self-organizing power, normalizing power and sense-making. With four activity dimensions and six driving powers, an organization can maintain the flexibility of process governance cycle to cope with internal and external environmental changes. This study aims to propose the Process Governance competency model and Process Governance variables. The situation of the industry is changing from the function-oriented organization management to the process-oriented perspective. Process Governance framework proposed by the researcher will be the contextual reference models for the further diffusion of the research on Process Governance domain and the operational definition for the development of Process Governance measurement tools in detail.