• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively investigate perceived discomfort of complex shoulder postures with external loads and to propose a preliminary evaluation scheme of shoulder postures. Twelve healthy male adults participated in an experiment to rate their perceived discomfort of shoulder postures. The independent variables were shoulder flexion angle(45, 90 and 150$^{\circ}$), adduction/abduction angle(-30, -10, 0, 30 and 60$^{\circ}$), and external load(0, 1.5 and 3.0kg). The results revealed that the flexion angle, external load and their interaction significantly affected the perceived discomfort(p$<$0.05) but the effect of adduction/abduction angle on the discomfort was not significant(p$>$0.05). The effect of external load was much larger than that of any other factor with explaining about 81% of the total variation of discomfort scores. Based on the experimental results a preliminary scheme was presented to evaluate the stress of shoulder postures with external loads.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

Nonlinear static analysis and preliminary evaluation were performed in this study to evaluate the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry buildings subjected to various soil conditions based on the revised Korean Building Code. Preliminary evaluation scores and nonlinear static analyses indicated that all buildings were susceptible to collapse and did not reach their target performance. Therefore, retrofit of those building models was carried out through a systematic procedure to determine areas to be strengthened. It was possible to make most building models satisfy performance objectives through the reinforcement alone of damaged external shear walls. However, the application of a preliminary evaluation procedure to retrofit design was found to be too conservative because all the retrofitted building models verified with nonlinear static analysis failed to satisfy performance objectives. Therefore, it is possible to economically retrofit unreinforced masonry buildings through the fortification of external walls if a simple evaluation procedure that can efficiently specify vulnerable parts is developed.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2015

외부비용은 재화나 서비스가 생산 또는 소비되는 과정에서 제3자에게 부과되는 비용이다. 원자력 발전을 통한 전력생산에도 외부비용이 발생하며 이들에 대한 연구가 1990년대부터 진행되어 왔다. 비용은 정책결정에 중요한 요소로 전력 생산에 대한 비용 비교를 위해 외부비용이 고려되고 있다. 핵연료주기에서도 선택에 따라 다른 외부비용이 발생되지만 이에 대한 연구는 진행되고 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 핵연료주기 외부비용 평가 방법 개발을 위해 원자력 발전에 대한 외부비용 평가방법을 조사하고 분석하였다. 후쿠시마 사고 이전에는 외부비용 연구들은 정상 운전 상태에서의 손상 비용에 초점을 두었다. 그러나 사고 이후 사고비용이 주요 주제가 되었다. 사고비용을 포함한 외부비용 범위는 여러 연구들에서 다양하게 사용되었으며 범위에 맞춰 다른 방법들이 적용되었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 결과들이 비교되었으며 핵연료주기에 따른 외부비 용 추산에 방법적 적용성 판단을 위해 분석되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1378-1389
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• 2002

This study was to identify dimensions of subjective knowledge and to test the structural model of the effect of subjective knowledge on information search and evaluation rules for apparel products. A questionnaire was administered to 668 females living in Seoul, Taejon, and Cheongju, and the data were analysed by using LISREL 8. The results of this study were as follows: First, consumers' subjective knowledge regarding apparel products consisted of five factors; Style knowledge, Fashion Knowledge, Store Knowledge, Fabric/Management Knowledge, and Brand knowledge. Those factors were influenced by the experience related with apparel products. Second, the subjective knowledge influenced information searches. That is, internal search was significantly influenced by fashion knowledge and store knowledge, while external search was significantly influenced by fashion knowledge and fabric/management knowledge. Third, the subjective knowledge had indirect effects on evaluation rules via search activities (e.g., internal and external), suggesting that the internal search was mediated in relationship between subjective knowledge and compensatory rule, while the urtemal search was mediated in the relationship between subjective knowledge and noncompensatory rule. Therefore, this study implies that subjective knowledge plays an important role to explain consumers' decision making processes such as information search and evaluation.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2012

An HTS (high temperature superconducting) coil without insulation has been investigated since a metallic insulation was suggested in the mid-1980s. The advantage of an insulationless HTS pancake coil is that it is more stable than an insulated HTS pancake coil. This paper focuses on the various characteristics of the insulationless HTS pancake coil related with stability, especially under the external magnetic field. Because HTS pancake coil may be influenced by the external magnetic field in a real operational environment of electrical devices. First, charge-discharge test was performed for the characteristics evaluation of the insulationless HTS pancake coil as compared with insulated HTS pancake coil in liquid nitrogen at 77 K. Based on the experiment results, characteristics evaluation of the insulationless HTS pancake coil was implemented under the external magnetic field. In order to carry out the experiment, we have fabricated a cylindrical solenoid coil to apply the magnetic field. The various characteristics of the insulationless HTS pancake coil were evaluated for charge-discharge and over-current conditions. This paper proves that the insulationless HTS pancake coil is more stable than the insulated HTS pancake under the external magnetic field.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2017

An efficient evaluation method for the probability of a tornado missile strike without using the Monte Carlo method is proposed in this paper. A major part of the proposed probability evaluation is based on numerical results computed using an in-house code, Tornado-borne missile analysis code, which enables us to evaluate the liftoff and flight behaviors of unconstrained objects on the ground driven by a tornado. Using the Tornado-borne missile analysis code, we can obtain a stochastic correlation between local wind speed and flight distance of each object, and this stochastic correlation is used to evaluate the conditional strike probability, $Q_V(r)$, of a missile located at position r, where the local wind speed is V. In contrast, the annual exceedance probability of local wind speed, which can be computed using a tornado hazard analysis code, is used to derive the probability density function, p(V). Then, we finally obtain the annual probability of tornado missile strike on a structure with the convolutional integration of product of $Q_V(r)$ and p(V) over V. The evaluation method is applied to a simple problem to qualitatively confirm the validity, and to quantitatively verify the results for two extreme cases in which an object is located just in the vicinity of or far away from the structure.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2004

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.681-684
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• 1999

The development of external prestressing methods has been one of the major trends in the concrete bridge constructions over the past decades. One of the promising methods to enhance the flexural strength of a externally prestressed girder is to place the tendons with large eccentricities. The test results in this study showed that the external prestressing of a composite girder increased the range of the elastic behavior, reduced deflections, increased ultimate strength, and added to the redundancy by providing the multiple stress paths. This study was conducted on the concrete bridges reinforced by the continuous girders and the external prestressing.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

An apartment complex is a building use with great potential to contribute to solving problems related to urban ecological environment and climate change. The first goal of this study is to grasp the current situation of application and limitations of the ecological area rate, which is a representative evaluation index used to evaluate the environmental performance of the external space of an apartment complex in Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED). The second goal is to propose a prototype of the evaluation index for evaluating greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction performance in order to supplement the evaluation index for the environmental performance of the external space in terms of response to climate change. We analyzed 43 cases of apartment complexes certified according to G-SEED, which was enforced since July 1, 2010, and found application characteristics of each space type and the limitations of ecological area rate. We analyzed overseas green building certification systems such as LEED and BREEAM that derived implications for supplementing the limitations of ecological area rate, which is focused on the evaluation of soil and water circulation function, and set up a development direction of complementary measures. Through analysis of previous studies, relevant regulations and standards, and technical documents of the manufacturer, the heat island mitigation performance of the pavement and roof surfaces of the apartment complex and the carbon uptake performance of the trees in the apartment complex was selected as parameters to yield the GHG reduction performance of the external space of the apartment complex. Finally, a quantitative evaluation method for each parameter and a prototype of the evaluation index for the GHG reduction performance were proposed. As a result of applying the prototype to an apartment complex case, the possibility of adoption and applicability as an evaluation index of G-SEED were proved.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.424-433
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness in the lighting performance of mixed type light-shelf, by comparing and analyzing the internal light-shelf, external light-shelf, and mixed-type light-shelf. The performance of light-shelf was evaluated according to the angle of light-shelf at summer solstice, winter solstice, vernal equinox, and autumn equinox. The comparative analysis between the internal light-shelf, external light-shelf, and mixed-type light-shelf was carried out using the performance evaluation and analysis method. The result of performance evaluation is shown as follows. The mixed type light-shelf showed the highest lighting performance all at summer solstice, winter solstice, vernal equinox, and autumn equinox, followed by the external light-shelf and the internal light-shelf in the same order. The mixed type light-shelf was the most favorable for bringing daylight to indoors by adjusting the angle of light-shelf, and it also showed the highest lighting performance in terms of uniformity ratio of illumination which indicates the quality of light.