• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.167-179
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• 1997

In the study of a manifold M, the exterior algebra $\Lambda^* M$ plays an important role. In fact, the de Rham cohomology theory gives many informations of a manifold. Another important object in the study of a manifold is its Clifford algebra (Cl(M), generated by the tangent space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.63-73
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• 2011

In the middle of that a information form is being formlessly changed to diverse deirections, a design and a space as physical consequence show not only a allegory but mutually relational charicteristic meaning a nonboundary and nonlinear form by development of modem digital culture. Following development of the modern digital culture, a design and space which are physical results, show a point of correlative specificity, allegory, nonlinear and nonboundary, Not only a design and culture but also various circles handle a hypertext as a representative pivot in this change. this has same contexts as rhizome possessing a asignifiante and nomadic characteristic said by Felix Guattari and Gilles Deleuze. An ideal of rhizome space shows historical decisions, unexpected accidents, a concepts, an individual. a group, social compositions above an contrifugal exterior force, This study examines into surroundings designed by a hypertext and rhizome through a case accordingly and infers an ultramodern characteristic in conventional precognition with synthesizing a peculiarity of the digital generation space.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.143-153
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• 1999

GIS have become easier to use and very popular. In recent year digital photogrammetric systems ire becoming cost-effective tools to build and update GIS databases. In close-range photogrammetry for the acquisition of geospatial data, the bundle adjustment needs both initial approximate values and control points to solve the exterior orientation parameters. This paper gives a review of applied and potential algorithms for estimating Initial approximate values before the bundle adjustment, develope new algorithms for determine the exterior orientation parameters, and gives a cost-effective methods for close-range digital photogrammetric system Modifications of existing DLT algorithm were made in this study for providing an efficient, economic, and more accurate photogrammetric data reduction technique. These modifications include robust approaches for automatic detection and elimination of all lands of gross errors in the measurement data, and incorporation of GPS to reduce the number of control points necessary for a DLT solution. Also, this paper derives a new method for space resection from a monocular image. A major advantage of proposed method is that the solution can be uniquely and analytically determined without initial approximate values of exterior orientation parameters and without iterative computation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.223-233
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• 2008

In the mid 90's, the U.S. government released images acquired by the first generation of photo reconnaissance satellite missions between 1960 and 1972. The Declassified Intelligent Satellite Photographs (DISP) from the Corona mission are of high quality with an astounding ground resolution of about 2 m. The KH-4A panoramic camera system employed a scan angle of $70^{\circ}$ that produces film strips with a dimension of $55\;mm\;{\times}\;757\;mm$. Since GPS/INS did not exist at the time of data acquisition, the exterior orientation must be established in the traditional way by using control information and the interior orientation of the camera. Detailed information about the camera is not available, however. For reconstructing points in object space from DISP imagery to an accuracy that is comparable to high resolution (a few meters), a precise camera model is essential. This paper is concerned with the derivation of a rigorous mathematical model for the KH-4A/B panoramic camera. The proposed model is compared with generic sensor models, such as affine transformation and rational functions. The paper concludes with experimental results concerning the precision of reconstructed points in object space. The rigorous mathematical panoramic camera model for the KH-4A camera system is based on extended collinearity equations assuming that the satellite trajectory during one scan is smooth and the attitude remains unchanged. As a result, the collinearity equations express the perspective center as a function of the scan time. With the known satellite velocity this will translate into a shift along-track. Therefore, the exterior orientation contains seven parameters to be estimated. The reconstruction of object points can now be performed with the exterior orientation parameters, either by intersecting bundle rays with a known surface or by using the stereoscopic KH-4A arrangement with fore and aft cameras mounted an angle of $30^{\circ}$.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

In this study, FDS fire simulation experiments and measured wind speed by applying the exterior installation portion for blocking the spread of the fire was investigated. As a result, aluminum composite panels installed in the lower and the upper part of the panel to remove all the lower side, and then the maximum wind speed 0.24 m/s and the upper side 0.58 m/s were measured. In the FDS, the measured wind speed difference air currents are approximately 3.7 times in 12 seconds, the occurrence of 17 seconds early moment wind 2.2 m/s was measured from. Before and after the fire occurred in early of the air velocity about 39 seconds was 3.5 times difference. Such air currents caused by the temperature of the building but also by the building height was found. Turbulent flame of fire by expanding the vertical extent of damage become greatly important factor. Therefore, through the exterior installation portion of the block that can delay the spread of fire is expected that this should be taken.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 1987

The bundle adjustment used in photogrammetric data reduction is based on the collinearity condition. Photogrammetry has been used in many non-topographic applications. Due to the necessities of having fiducial marks and knowing initial approximations for interior and exterior orientation elements in bundle adjustment, it cannot be applied when non-metric cameras are used. Marzan and Karara develop the DLT(Direct Linear Transformation) program which directly transforms comparator coordinates into object space coordinates without approximate values. In this paper, several modifications of original DLT program have been made for accuracy improvement in close-range photogrammetry using non-metric cameras. In modified program, gross error detection method and computation of exterior orientation elements are incorporated, and more iterations are introdued.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.12-17
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• 1996

With the increase in discomfort of living by serious traffic noise pollution, the desire of relieving from discomfort is boosted up more than ever. For this reason, the researches on environmental impact assessmient and noise pollution control are highly required. This research was aimed to analyze the physical characteristics of noise caused by high-speed train in foreign countries by literature survey and field data. And with the attained results, the exterior noise level around Chon-An station, the first station planned for the high-speed train in this country, was estimated. The results of this study might be used as a tool for predicting the unavoidable noise, lessening the noise impact caused by the high-speed train, and preparing the noise prevention measures for the interior space and the exterior around stations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of expressionism in the space of deconstructive architecture by comparing the spaces of "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" video with the expressionist characteristics of film narrative structure and expressionist architecture and making an expansion based on the results. The findings were as follows: first, the "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" is divided into two set spaces: one has the perspective representation distorted in the viewpoint of a mad person applied to it, and the other reflects the viewpoint of a normal person from medieval paintings with no perspective. Second, the expressionist buildings did not reflect the expressionist characteristics in the interior spaces as fully as in the exterior ones. Third, the incomplete combination of Signifiant and $Signifi{\acute{e}}$, which were the theoretical basis of deconstructive architecture, showed a tendency of binary opposition like the double narrative structure of "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari." Fourth, deconstructive architecture seems to embody the exterior form and interior space of "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" and its set spaces in the phenomenal aspect but exhibits its limitations with the realization of dynamics, one of the characteristics of expressionism. Finally, the Seattle Public Library presents the best embodiment of expressionist characteristics found in the set spaces of "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" while seeking after the combination of horizontal and vertical paths of action through the spiral ramps and inclined slabs.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.109-117
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• 2010

With the IMF crisis in the late 1990's, coupled with the excessive supply of housing stock from the past, construction companies are adopting various differentiating strategies to address the decreasing apartment sales rates. Most of those strategies tend to follow the recent trend of 'eco-friendliness,' creating images of the apartments as 'well-being housing types.' In doing so, green spaces and water features are actively being used in outdoor landscapes design. One specific trend that can be witnessed is the efforts to make reference to the traditional Korean design languages, known as the 'Korean Style.' However, the applications of the 'Korea Style' on landscape design are being explored only by the construction companies, while most researches on the 'Korean Style' focus on its application on the indoor housing units. In this context, this series of case studies of the application of 'Korea Style' on landscape design attempts to extract design elements that can be set as basic guidelines.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.121-135
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• 1994

The Purpose of this study was to obtain data about management of the landscape plants and facility in APT. complex. Because of be completed 2 years ago, landscape plants ware damaged by transplantation and lost the nature tree shape. As well, the management conditions of plants and facility were wholly bad. In details, tree-species consisted of 52 species arbors and 35 species shrubs in APT. complex. The high rank 5 species were planted as main plants. The rates were 45.6-62.8% in arbors and 81.8-97.0% in shrubs. In the degree of tree shape and damage by diseuse and pest, the bad level of 1-2points were ranked highly as 13.9% and 10.4%. In the degree of tree shape and damage by disease and pest, the bad level of 1-2points were showed as 5.1% and 4.7%. In the interview Survey, the main problems of management-maintenance were expressed deficiency of budget, specialist and concern of residents. In the future, methods for the intensive management of APT. complex; First, the management of landscape plants and facility should be attained by a expert and need to establishment of maintenance scheme thoroughly. Above all, for improvement of residential life, we should be lead to convert of a resident recognition in the management -maintenance of exterior space.