• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.271-289
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• 2008

In the Oriental Medicine field the great three reference books are Hwantienaekyung(黃帝內徑, HJNK), Sihnnongbonchokyung(神農本草經, BCK) and Shanghanlun(SHR). HJNK has been a theory book regarded as a bible of the Oriental Medicine, BCK, a herbal book with 365 species of red letters noticed from Bonchokyungjipjoo(本草經集註) and SHR, very important clinical book with concrete prescriptions for the therapy of patients. Though these books were written by Chinese people ca. 2000 years ago, yet they are no doubt very important and effective ones in these days. Unfortunately they are handed down to all transmitted books for a long times because original ones were destroyed by fire and another troubles. In this study we have tried to extract three common terminological words and common theories from the prescription law by theoretical principles(理法方藥, clinical therapeutic mechanism) acquired through the comparative analysis of these three books. They are qi(氣), cold or heat(寒熱) and yin & yang(陰陽), and their practical basic theories have been evidenced through exterior & interior of body(表裏) and deficiency or exessiveness(虛實) by the heat of Sun. Also we would have realized that Oriental Medicine should be analyzed through various scientific techniques and clinical experiences, and necessarily unified to yin & yang monism from qi theory of the Sun in all human's life cycle(生老病死).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.133-174
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• 2013

Objective : Malaria(瘧疾) is a disease that's main symptom is paroxysm - a cyclical occurrence of sudden coldness followed by rigor and then fever. Since the introduction of the cause and mechanism of malaria(瘧疾) in the "Suwen(素問)", including Cold malaria(寒瘧), Warm malaria(溫瘧), Heat malaria(癉瘧) and Wind malaria(風瘧), there has been over 20 different kinds of malaria, each of which are introduced in multiple medical texts. Method : Through comparison between "Suwen(素問)" and other medical texts, the categories, causes and mechanisms of malaria can be analysed and organized to overview the whole feature of it. Results & Conclusion : External pathogens of malaria(瘧疾) are wind(風), cold(寒), summerheat (暑), dampness(濕), miasmic toxin(瘴), pestilence(疫), ghost(鬼). Internal pathogens of malaria(瘧疾) are dietary irregularities(飮食不節), overexertion and fatigue(勞倦), phlegm(痰), seven emotion(七情). Malaria can be categorized into four groups according to the pathological mechanism that leads to paroxysm. They are latency of disease(伏氣), external contraction(外感), internal damage(內傷), and combination of disease(合病). Malaria-Paroxysm(瘧疾發作) occurs when the three following factors collide strongly : defense qi(衛氣), latent qi(伏邪) and external pathogen(新邪). When collision of the three factors takes place in the interior(裏), the body experiences chills. When it takes place in the exterior(表), the body experiences fever. The cyclical occurrence of Malaria-Paroxysm follows the circulation of defense qi.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was suggested to establish of student housing by using shipping container. The research method are a study of shipping container and characteristics of student housing by using shipping container, compared typically student housing with student housing by using shipping container. Also there are planning though a case study of various planes and survey based on the student housing city in Amsterdam, Netherland, is called Keetwonen. It is a planning for housing unit to actual build at the part of land to devise master plan The 40FT(High Cube) Shipping Container housing unit are double occupancy room with toilet and balcony. The common areas are the kitchen, laundry facilities, conference room and lounge are available on the first floor with a lightweight steel frame construction method applied for obtain substantive utilization of the space. Considering into the type and scale of site shall be planning in the form of side corridor and central corridor, which is preferable to separate the interior space into two areas by a central corridor to secure personal privacy. Also, planning such as a separate exterior panel, color and landscape design to improve the external image of the container and block the solar radiation heat influx with a pitched roof. Allow 24 college students shall live at the site of Seongnae-dong, Gangdong-gu in Seoul, Korea (site area $330.9m^2$), including common facilities and a lounge with a building that has three stories above ground were established to build plans to target the actual land.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.249-261
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• 2008

This study proposes a method for acquiring and managing basic information on building, which is continuously updated through construction and re-construction, in order to implement 3D-GIS based on geometric shape information and building information. First of all, distinctions between BIM and GIS information models are described, and then an overview of CityGML for virtual city and its Level of Detail are introduced. At last, a prototype for extracting building geometry from BIM data in accordance with CityGML is presented for demonstration. By using IFC data from BIM, this approach enables a lot of firms and contractors in building industry to utilize their 2D/3D, data on sites and buildings, and also to save many effects for generating exterior and interior building models which are inevitable for implementing National GIS.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 2011

1. Objectives: We report a series of 4 obesity cases who responded well to the weight-loss therapy based on the Taeeum Sasang constitutional therapy. 2. Methods: In treating 4 obese patients who were constitutionally typed as the Taeeum type, Case 1 and Case 2 fell into the category of the Lung Dry-Cold symptomatology, Case 3 into the Dry-Heat symptomatology, and Case 4 into the Exterior-Interior Combined symptomatology. Each patient was given Sasang medication according to protocol: Taeeumjowi-tang (Taiyintiaowei-tang) to Case 1 and Case 2, Cheongpyesagan-tang (Qingfeixiegan-tang) to Case 3, and Seunggijowi-tang (Chengqitiaowei-tang) to Case 4. On each visit to the clinic (7-21 times in total), the patients were checked on their general condition and change in body weight. 3. Results and Conclusions: All patients showed improvements in their general condition and a satisfactory decrease in weight (Case 1 showed a decrease of 12.7 kg in 84 days, Case 2 a decrease of 8.9 kg in 39 days, Case 3 a decrease of 33 kg in 250 days, and Case 4 a decrease of 29.3 kg in 155 days). Treating obesity based on Taeeum constitutional therapy was found to be effective for weight loss and general improvement of health. The sustained effects of the therapy should be checked during the following visits. The obesity treatment protocol suggested in this investigation should be explored and verified in future studies.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2020

In this study, a corrosion failure analysis of a heat transport pipe was conducted, as the result of a pinhole leak. Interestingly, the corrosion damage occurred externally in the pipeline, resulting in severe thickness reduction near the seam line. Also, while a stable magnetite protective film formed on the inner surface, the manganese oxide formation occurred only on the outer surface. The interior and exterior of the pipe were composed of ferrite and pearlite. The large manganese sulfide and alumina inclusions were found near the seam line. In addition, the manganese sulfide inclusions resulted in grooving corrosion, which progressed in the seam line leading to the reduction in the thickness, followed by the exposure of the alumina in the matrix to the outer surface. To note, the corrosion was accelerated by pits generated from the boundaries separating the inclusions from the matrix, which resulted in pinhole leaks and water loss.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

The results of the inspection based on the sanitation checklist and the measurement of refrigerator/freezer temperature, illuminance, and ATP were conducted at 12 school foodservices in Daiyue-district, Taian-city, Shandong Province, China, at the same time, and the results were as follows. Five items of 'Use sterilized cutting boards', 'Use sterilized knives', 'Use worktable after sterilization', 'Use sink after sterilization', 'Sterilize the interior/exterior of the refrigerator regularly' in the checklist inspection were found not to be performed (0%). Two items of 'Disinfect hands after washing', 'Equipped with hand sterilizer' and 'Sterilize the kitchen areas regularly' were investigated as being performed only in one foodservice (8%). The average illuminance of the receiving stand were 373.08±106.35 Lux, 8% when the standard (540 Lux or higher) was complied with, the average refrigerator temperature were 7.06±0.82℃, 38.9% when the standard (-2 to 5℃) was observed 8% of cases complying with the standard (below -18℃) at -8.56±0.76℃ were investigated. As a result of ATP measurement, the surfaces of knife edge, cutting board, refrigerator door handle, worktable, and sink, which are not sterilized at all, were not suitable (accept ratio 0%), sterilized food plate (accept ratio 54.2%) and utensil for preserved food (accept ratio 75%) had a relatively high accept ratio. China's hygiene regulations should be revised in the direction of strengthening disinfection practices for facilities, equipment, and the environment, and hygiene measures such as education on disinfection and preparation of economical disinfection methods should be established.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.283-298
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• 2022

Wood has always been used for various day-to-day applications such as interior or exterior construction materials, and household products. However, it can undergo photodegradation and discoloration by environmental factors including ultraviolet (UV) light, and thus has shortened its service life. Bleaching or delignification of wood surfaces is a suitable solution to stabilize wood against weathering by UV because these techniques can alter or remove the chromophores in lignin, which is a main factor of wood discoloration. To improve the color stability of wood surface according to the lifespan, surface delignification was conducted using peracetic acid (PAA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) on the woods of Larix kaempferi and Quercus mongolica. After the PAA treatment, L^* increased considerably from 60-70 to 90-95. Furthermore, wood surface color did not change significantly after UV exposure. The color differences (𝜟E^*) between before and after PPA treatment of wood showed the 4.8-12.2 of L. kaempferi, and 1.7-3.7 of Q. mongolica, respectively. The lignin-related peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra disappeared with increased duration of PAA treatment. These results confirmed that the lignin component was partially or completely removed after the PAA treatment; the color differences (𝜟E^*) clearly showed that there was a reduction in redness (a^*) and yellowness (b^*), and an increase in lightness (L^*) owing to the removal of lignin. Based on these results, this study demonstrated that the partial removal of lignin from wood surfaces is a fundamental method for resolving photo-degradation.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

This paper addresses the installation and modification design of airframe structures for new and modified equipment installations that are essential for aircraft performance improvement. Typical performance improvement equipment mounted on the exterior of the aircraft include antenna, radar, electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR), and self-protection system equipment, which require structural reinforcement, modification, and mounting design of the green aircraft for operation. In the interior of the aircraft, console and rack structures are modified or added according to user operation requirements. In addition, this is accompanied by the installation design of equipment to be replaced and added for performance improvement, and the according modification of environmental control system components for internal cooling. The engineering process and cases in which airworthiness was verified through the detailed design of airframe structures with structural integrity, operability, and maintainability of performance-improved aircraft are presented.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2023

Recently, the automobile industry is developing as the demand for automo- biles increases due to industrial development and population growth. In addition, many studies are being conducted to reduce heat loss inside the automobiles in order to save energy inside the automobiles due to environmental regulations. In this study, alumina, nanosilicon, and aerogel, which are adiabatic materials, were filled in PET to manufacture yarn, identify physical and mechanical properties, and weave into fabric to confirm adiabatic performance. As the content of the adiabatic material increased, the tensile strength of the fibers filled with alumina and nanosilicon decreased greatly, and the adiabatic property slightly increased. The tensile strength of fibers filled with the aerogel decreased slightly, but the adiabatic properties were greatly increased. Therefore, it is considered to be due to the large volume fraction in the PET yarn due to the low density of the aerogel.