• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

Recently 3D animation can produce animation dose to real picture owing to rapid technical development of hardware and software and is used as entertainment factors for movie, ads, game and digital pictures. The process of making 3D animation needs the various making techniques and expression factors unlike traditional animation. Production technique and expression factors in making 3D animation are not acted as individual factor, but they can achieve an animation with high perfection when they should be combined. Therefore this study analyzes the technical expression methods based on hardware and software for operation by computer process and the artistic expression factors based on aesthetic, figurative, design and pictorial factors and then seeks a method of making animation with technical perfection.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.255-266
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• 2019

This paper examines the ink on paper technique that is being used in the animation works by the Canadian filmmaker Michēle Cournoyner from the National Film Board of Canada. It also discusses how in her animated film "Soif"(2013) this technique has been applied to compose the narrative significance and symbols through the use of metamorphosis as a form of artistic expression. Cournoyner had used the ink of paper technique as a means to abandon realistic representations of movement, and in "Soif" through expressive use of metamorphosis, portrayed changes of images in character and object not through chronological order of narrative flow, but through the body of the female character, which had been represented by the improvisation of the ink on paper technique in order to express the surrealistic and unconscious state of mind in animation. Also, the use of Surrealist automatism had been incorporated to evoke the film towards a form of abstract and metaphysical expression, which in terms of expression and technique connects with the character in the animation to give emphasis to its relevancy with the subject matter of the work.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1128-1141
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• 2009

Graphical expressions are continuously improving, spurred by the astonishing growth of the game technology industry. Despite such improvements, users are still demanding a more natural gaming environment and true reflections of human emotions. In real life, people can read a person's moods from facial color and expression. Hence, interactive facial colors in game characters provide a deeper level of reality. In this paper we propose a facial color adaptive technique, which is a combination of an emotional model based on human emotion theory, emotional expression pattern using colors of animation contents, and emotional reaction speed function based on human personality theory, as opposed to past methods that expressed emotion through blood flow, pulse, or skin temperature. Experiments show this of expression of the Facial Color Model based on facial color adoptive technique and expression of the animation contents is effective in conveying character emotions. Moreover, the proposed Facial Color Adaptive Technique can be applied not only to 2D games, but to 3D games as well.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.181-199
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• 2015

In a short history, RNA-seq data have established a revolutionary tool to directly decode various scenarios occurring on whole genome-wide expression profiles in regards with differential expression at gene, transcript, isoform, and exon specific quantification, genetic and genomic mutations, and etc. RNA-seq technique has been rapidly replacing arrays with seq-based platform experimental settings by revealing a couple of advantages such as identification of alternative splicing and allelic specific expression. The remarkable characteristics of high-throughput large-scale expression profile in RNA-seq are lied on expression levels of read counts, structure of correlated samples and genes, larger number of genes compared to sample size, different sampling rates, inevitable systematic RNA-seq biases, and etc. In this study, we will comprehensively review how robust Bayesian and non-parametric methods have a better performance than classical statistical approaches by explicitly incorporating such intrinsic RNA-seq specific features with flexible and more appropriate assumptions and distributions in practice.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2011

In order to establish a reliable and highly efficient method for genetic transformation of pepper, a monitoring system featuring GFP (green fluorescent protein) as a report marker was applied to Agrobacteriummediated transformation. A callus-induced transformation (CIT) system was used to transform the GFP gene. GFP expression was observed in all tissues of $T_0$, $T_1$ and $T_2$ peppers, constituting the first instance in which the whole pepper plant has exhibited GFP fluorescence. A total of 38 T0 peppers were obtained from 4,200 explants. The transformation rate ranged from 0.47 to 1.83% depending on the genotype, which was higher than that obtained by CIT without the GFP monitoring system. This technique could enhance selection power by monitoring GFP expression at the early stage of callus in vitro. The detection of GFP expression in the callus led to successful identification of the shoot that contained the transgene. Thus, this technique saved lots of time and money for conducting the genetic transformation process of pepper. In addition, a co-transformation technique was applied to the target transgene, CaCS (encoding capsaicinoid synthetase of Capsicum) along with GFP. Paprika varieties were transformed by the CaCS::GFP construct, and GFP expression in callus tissues of paprika was monitored to select the right transformant.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2014

This study suggests method of expression of nail art utilizing Salvador Dali's Paranoiac Critical Method and produced the actual works based on discussions on Salvador Dali's painting, Paranoiac Critical Method, Nail Art's artistry and technique of expression. The result of the study is as follows: 1) Characteristic of Dali's painting is a Paranoiac Critical Method. If suggesting this characteristic in a method of expression of nail art, a good work which can be expressed on a small space, a nail, representing Dali is selected and 5 tips which are very similar to the rate of the painting are used in order to obtain an aesthetic effect just like a painting. And after composing on tips using the whole paining or part of painting, actual techniques of expression such as Hand Painting, Protranse or Water Decal are used. 2) the result of nail art produced utilizing Dali's Paranoiac Critical Method is as follows. Most of all, for nail art I with the topic of "The Persistence of Memory" (1931), after giving changes to 5 tips for the watch which is a part of the painting, Hand Painting technique is used using Acrylic Painting with colors which are similar colors to the painting. Then for nail art II which adopted "Slave Market with Invisible Bust of Voltaire" (1940), the whole painting is divided into 5 tips and Protranse technique which attaches printed paper onto nails was used. Lastly, for nail art III with the subject of "The Enigma of Desire My Mother, My Mother, My Mother" (1929), Water Decal which is emphasizing the parts of the painting and composing on 5 tips and copying printed picture onto Water Transfer Paper in order to attach on the nails is used. These nail arts show aesthetic characteristics such as fantasy, unconsciousness, grotesque, infinity, non-realism and horror just like paintings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2002

In post-genome period, the technique for identifying gene expression has been changed to high throughput screening. In the field of molecular nutrition, the need for this technique to clarify molecular function of the specific nutrient is essential. In this study, we have tested the zinc-regulated gene expression in zinc-deficient U937 cells, using cDNA microarray which is the cutting-edge technique to screen large numbers of gene expression simultaneously. The study result can be used for the preliminary gene screening data for clarifying, using monocyte U937 cell line, molecular Zn aspect in atherosclerosis. U937 cells were cultured in Zn-adequate (control, 12 $\mu$M Zn) or Zn-deficient (experimental, 0 $\mu$M Zn) ESMI media during 2 days, respectively. Cells were harvested and RNA was extracted. Total RNA was reverse-transcriptinized and synthesized cDNA probe labeled with Cy-3. fluorescent labeled cDNA probe was applied to microarray slide for hybridization slide, and after then, the slide was scanned using fluorescence scanner. ‘Highly expressed genes’ in Zn-deficient U937 cells, comparing to Zn-adequate group, are mainly about the genes for motility protein, immune system protein, oncogene and tumor suppressor and ‘Less highly expressed genes’ are about the genes for transcription, apoptosis associated protein, cell cycle, and several basic transcription factors. The results of this preliminary study imply the effectiveness of cDNA microarray for expression profiling of a singly nutrient deficiency, specially Zn. Furthur study, using tailored-cDNA array and capillary endothelial cell lines, would be beneficial to clarify molecular Zn function, more in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 1997

This study aims to give a new modern light to a paper and search for a possibility of a paper as a new formative material. And then this study wants to suggest the formative effect of the paper operation as one technique which creates the idea of fashion design and to contribute in enlarging the possibility of expression of fashion design. The results of this study are as follow Firstly a paper is found to be expressed in new moulding forms by the various formative experiments because a paper can be easily and variously used as the material of expression. So the moulding images of paper operation are provided for the idea of fashion design and give much influences on the development of fashion design. Seccondly through the new light on a paper as the formative material it is demonstrated that a paper can be used for the development of many forms and the enlargement of the area of expression in the fashion design. Thirdly in the fashion design the formative effect of the paper operation not only give a variety to silhouette but also forms one technique of creation of new materials

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.710-718
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• 2011

Edema factor(EF) is a portion of anthrax toxin which produces edema when combined with protective antigen. This paper describes about technique for cloning, expression, purification and activity test of EF. Using the E. coli expression system, we could make recombinant EF protein although it's origin is Bacillus anthracis. And also we could culture massively and purify highly pure protein. Finally we confirm a enzyme activity of purified EF to increase intracellular cAMP level. Through establishing this technique, it can be possible to research about EF in depth and apply to expression and purification of many other protein in biology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.134-138
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• 2007

Presents age is diversified in all genres by fast development of information and digital, and expression of fixing is not. Architecture and interior space design is showing new paradigm through dematerializing, ex-formal, nonlinear. Glass material is expressing by various technique in space and outer skin to introduction of digital media and a high-tech technology. Expressive characteristics and Techniques of this glass material are showing form of homogenized life in this age, simulated life. Therefore, this study does theoretical investigation through dematerializing of glass material, and analyzes works after 2000. Wish to understand stream of indoor design of present age after analyzes expression special quality and technique of glass material that reflect age and make a study of symbolic expression characteristic.