• BMB Reports
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.663-668
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• 2023

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker and risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism through which CRP induces myocardial damage remains unclear. This study aimed to determine how CRP damages cardiomyocytes via the change of mitochondrial dynamics and whether survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein, exerts a cardioprotective effect in this process. We treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with CRP and found increased intracellular ROS production and shortened mitochondrial length. CRP treatment phosphorylated ERK1/2 and promoted increased expression, phosphorylation, and translocation of DRP1, a mitochondrial fission-related protein, from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. The expression of mitophagy proteins PINK1 and PARK2 was also increased by CRP. YAP, a transcriptional regulator of PINK1 and PARK2, was also increased by CRP. Knockdown of YAP prevented CRP-induced increases in DRP1, PINK1, and PARK2. Furthermore, CRP-induced changes in the expression of DRP1 and increases in YAP, PINK1, and PARK2 were inhibited by ERK1/2 inhibition, suggesting that ERK1/2 signaling is involved in CRP-induced mitochondrial fission. We treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with a recombinant TAT-survivin protein before CRP treatment, which reduced CRP-induced ROS accumulation and reduced mitochondrial fission. CRP-induced activation of ERK1/2 and increases in the expression and activity of YAP and its downstream mitochondrial proteins were inhibited by TAT-survivin. This study shows that mitochondrial fission occurs during CRP-induced cardiomyocyte damage and that the ERK1/2-YAP axis is involved in this process, and identifies that survivin alters these mechanisms to prevent CRP-induced mitochondrial damage.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2013

Cholestatic liver is associated with hepatic inflammation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies indicate that certain cytokines can modulate bile secretion. In the present study, we have examined the role of interleukin (IL-2) on the bile secretion by a combination of study models. To examine the relevance of IL-2 on bile secretion, the expression of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) of isolated normal and bile duct ligated (BDL) rats cholangiocytes was first measured by RT-PCR. In BDL rats, the expression of IL-2 and IL-2R was significantly increased compared with normal rats. To study the effect of IL-2 on bile secretion, bile flow was measured in normal and BDL rats. At the level of cholangiocytes, secretory responses of isolated bile duct unit (IBDU)s were quantified by videomicroscopy. The administrations of IL-2 had no significant effect on basal bile secretion in normal and BDL rats. There was no significant effect of IL-2 on basal bile ductular secretion as evidenced by no significant difference in luminal area of the IBDUs perfusedwith 100 pM of IL-2 from those of albumin carrier control. However, the secretin-stimulated bile ductular secretion was significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited by $34{\pm}4%$ (normal, n = 12), $21{\pm}5.3%$ (BDL 2 wk, n = 12) and $15{\pm}5.2%$ (BDL 4 wk, n = 12) with the co-administration of IL-2. As with other cytokines, physiologically relevant concentration of IL-2 can significantly inhibit secretin-stimulated bile ductular secretion. These findings support the important roles of cytokines in modulating bile secretion and may contribute to the cholestasis seen in cholestatic liver diseases.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제11호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1997

In the early 20'c, scientific thoughts make a change the absolute and separate concept of space-time into relative concept of continual entity; a kind of ideal world. It suggests that the meaning of geometry as absolute truth with which has endowed human beings would changed to a relative meaning of accumulation in intellectual work on 'nature'. This cognitive changes appeared into absolute arts in 20'c like Cubism, Superematism or Constructivism. De Stijl movement which had recepted the relative concepts like Einstein's 'theory of relativity' as a developed thought from Newton-Cartesian cognition on the world. Abstration would be adequate method for expressing the dynamics and interrelationship between forms and for giving values to indivisual elements in a compositiov. This method had appeared Modern architectural form, as a common framework. The expression characteristics of geometrical design in Deconstructive and Experimental architecture were summerized in four features through the results of the analysis. First, the relation of architectural element and intertextuality is expressed in discontinuation of context and refusal of functional building. Second, the concept of trace expresses as connection of place, decomposing of excavation of trace, trace of axis, trace of fragments. Third, anti-gravity expression is there to express of open cubic, to outgrow of rectangular system, to outgrow of volume, to separate of ground connectiov. Fourth, the complex composition of abstracted geometric form is these to abstracted geometry about indefinite shape, to layer through the overlap and collage, to de-meaning and amusement of form through the pursuit of uncertainty, to indeterminate of formal meaning through operation and composition of similar form cause to the diverse of meaning.

• 복식
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• 제65권8호
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• pp.64-76
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• 2015

Gilles Deleuze highly evaluated Baroque as the expression body that implements the fold theory, a philosophical thinking about the nature of beings. This can be seen as a meaning that Baroque implements the essence of the world, or the power constituting that essence. In addition, the beauty of Baroque focuses on 'New Harmony' the sum of partial forms caused by each element, and not Platonic harmony. he evaluated the aesthetic of Baroque costume as 'acquisition of liberation and autonomy', 'derived force from infinite spiritual forces'. This study analyzed the contents of the Aesthetic of Baroque costume based on the reviewed Deleuze's folding theory, Baroque aesthetics, and views of Baroque costume. As a result, it inferred the aesthetic of Baroque costume into four types, which are as follows: open structural openness, overlapping structural dynamics, integrated structural diversity, and relationship structural integrity. This study analyzed the aesthetic of Baroque costume based on Deleuze's philosophical thinking. The analysis showed that its aesthetics, which focused on "New Harmony", created energy of life and a venue for expression of power, as the aesthetics eliminated the prejudice of complexity and excessive decoration. In addition, Baroque costume is not the simple historical costume of the past. Instead, it is one of power and spirit, still existing in modern fashion. Baroque costume's formativeness and Paradigm can be said to provide the creative principle important for modern fashion because the aesthetics implemented in Baroque costume accepts free spirit, new challenge, difference and diversity, and is similar to the spirit pursued by modern art and fashion.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1378-1382
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• 2014

Phospholipase D (PLD)는 세포막을 구성하는 주요지질인 인지질을 분해하여, 이차신호전달물질인 phosphatidic acid (PA)를 생성함으로써 세포의 성장 및 증식, 생존신호전달등 세포내 다양한 생리현상을 조절하는 중요한 신호전달 핵심단백질로 대두되고 있다. PLD의 비정상적인 발현과 활성은 다양한 암을 비롯한 여러 질환에서 나타난다. PLD에 의해 생성된 PA는 세포사멸 유전자의 발현을 감소시켜서 세포사멸에 대한 내성을 나타내고 있다.최근에, 세포사멸과정에서 PLD 단백질의 turnover dynamics에 관한 분자수준에서의 연구가 규명되었다. PLD는, 세포사멸시 활성화되는 단백질 분해효소인 caspases의 새로운 기질로 작용하여 세포사멸을 차별적으로 조절을 한다. Caspase에 의한 PLD동위효소의 차별적인 분해양상이 PLD의 효소활성과 세포사멸억제 기능을 조절한다. 그래서 PLD는 암치료의 표적분자로서의 가능성이 제시된다. 본 리뷰논문에서, 세포사멸조절 PLD의 기능적 역할에 대해 서술하고자 한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.294-309
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• 2015

This study aims to clarify the aesthetic values between emotion of human and expression of technology in contemporary fashion as it analyzes formative characteristics of related cases in fashion based on principles of 3D Printing technology and the viewpoint of mechanic aesthetics. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, 3D Printing fashion is not only expressed diverse variations by its principles of formative methods, materials and properties, but also changes of silhouette by applying system of designers. Second, general characteristics of 3D Printing fashion is represented by various applications in SLS system, and it can be specifically explained application to a portion of clothing, decorative roles of clothing, complicated pattern making through crossing fabrics using 3D scanner and displaying a certain object changing fashion styles, and so forth. Third, the formative characteristics of 3D Printing fashion from the perspective of mechanic aesthetics is as follows. It can be analyzed as the integration of metaphysical values through compared symbolization of natural feature and technical evolution, partial dynamics and interactive velocity-based, formative combinations for abstract expression using architectural components, cosmos images and substantialized structures through images of organic space interacted human shapes. As the mention above, 3D Printing technology can creative a diverse area of fashion, and express images of new technological fashion through various works with continuous development of techniques.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.413-424
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• 2013

Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) is a traditional herbal medicine utilized to prevent endothelium dysfunction in the cardiovascular system; however, its underlying mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. We here examined the pharmacological effect and molecular mechanism of KRGE on apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a serum-deprived apoptosis model. KRGE protected HUVECs from serum-deprived apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-9/-3 activation. This protective effect was significantly higher than that of American ginseng extract. KRGE treatment increased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-$X_L$ protein expression and Akt-dependent Bad phosphorylation. Moreover, KRGE prevented serum deprivation-induced subcellular redistribution of these proteins between the mitochondrion and the cytosol, resulting in suppression of mitochondrial cytochrome c release. In addition, KRGE increased nitric oxide (NO) production via Akt-dependent activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), as well as inhibited caspase-9/-3 activities. These increases were reversed by co-treatment of cells with inhibitors of eNOS and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and pre-incubation of cell lysates in dithiothreitol, indicating KRGE induces NO-mediated caspase modification. Indeed, KRGE inhibited caspase-3 activity via S-nitrosylation. These findings suggest that KRGE prevents serum deprivation-induced HUVEC apoptosis via increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-$X_L$ protein expression, PI3K/Akt-dependent Bad phosphorylation, and eNOS/NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of caspases. The cytoprotective property of KRGE may be valuable for developing new pharmaceutical means that limit endothelial cell death induced during the pathogenesis of vascular diseases.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 기존의 동영상 합성 네트워크에 스타일 합성 네트워크를 접목시켜 동영상에 대한 스타일 합성의 한계점을 극복하고자 한다. 본 논문의 네트워크에서는 동영상 합성을 위해 스타일갠 학습을 통한 스타일 합성과 동영상 합성 네트워크를 통해 스타일 합성된 비디오를 생성하기 위해 네트워크를 학습시킨다. 인물의 시선이나 표정 등이 안정적으로 전이되기 어려운 점을 개선하기 위해 3차원 얼굴 복원기술을 적용하여 3차원 얼굴 정보를 이용하여 머리의 포즈와 시선, 표정 등의 중요한 특징을 제어한다. 더불어, 헤드투헤드++ 네트워크의 역동성, 입 모양, 이미지, 시선 처리에 대한 판별기를 각각 학습시켜 개연성과 일관성이 더욱 유지되는 안정적인 스타일 합성 비디오를 생성할 수 있다. 페이스 포렌식 데이터셋과 메트로폴리탄 얼굴 데이터셋을 이용하여 대상 얼굴의 일관된 움직임을 유지하면서 대상 비디오로 변환하여, 자기 얼굴에 대한 3차원 얼굴 정보를 이용한 비디오 합성을 통해 자연스러운 데이터를 생성하여 성능을 증가시킴을 확인했다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.600-605
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• 2023

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a bile duct cancer and a rare malignant tumor with a poor prognosis owing to the lack of an early diagnosis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. A combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is the typically attempted first-line treatment approach. However, the underlying mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy is poorly understood. We addressed this by studying dynamics in the human ICC SCK cell line. Here, we report that the regulation of glucose and glutamine metabolism was a key factor in overcoming cisplatin resistance in SCK cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a high enrichment cell cycle-related gene set score in cisplatin-resistant SCK (SCK-R) cells compared to parental SCK (SCK WT) cells. Cell cycle progression correlates with increased nutrient requirement and cancer proliferation or metastasis. Commonly, cancer cells are dependent upon glucose and glutamine availability for survival and proliferation. Indeed, we observed the increased expression of GLUT (glucose transporter), ASCT2 (glutamine transporter), and cancer progression markers in SCK-R cells. Thus, we inhibited enhanced metabolic reprogramming in SCK-R cells through nutrient starvation. SCK-R cells were sensitized to cisplatin, especially under glucose starvation. Glutaminase-1 (GLS1), which is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in tumorigenesis and progression in cancer cells, was upregulated in SCK-R cells. Targeting GLS1 with the GLS1 inhibitor CB-839 (telaglenastat) effectively reduced the expression of cancer progression markers. Taken together, our study results suggest that a combination of GLUT inhibition, which mimics glucose starvation, and GLS1 inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy to increase the chemosensitivity of ICC.

• 복식
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.74-90
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• 2008

Since the late of 20th Century, philosophy, art, and aesthetics have attention to the movement of object that persue the dynamics and qualitative change, not existing fixed and quantitative object. Qualitative continuity, including discontinuity of specific spot and surface that occurs sudden change, is distinct characteristics considered in contemporary logo civilization, which combines and disperses according as various purpose among the different elements and objects. Therefore, I studied about the characteristics of qualitative continuity that creates the change and the differentiation continuously through the "formative characteristics of the continuity expressed in contemporary fashion" of my preceding paper. This paper is the following study of above mentioned paper, and Investigates about aesthetic consciousness leading to the various change. This is intends to consider the trans-aesthetic consciousness that accepts dynamic movement and change the different object and reforms new relationship continuously. This studies' conclusion is as follows; 1) sublimity-Infinity, de-constructive, excessive 2) jouissance - functional, structural 3) paradox-perceptual, spatial. A study about the trans-aesthetic consciousness would help to offer philosophical basis, and make a change building aesthetic foundation in explaining various relationship like as phenomenon of the retro, neo, post, fusion expressed since the late of 20th Century.