• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2011

Chronic mental-handicapped people are lacking in non-verbal expression such as eye contact, intonation, voice volume, facial expression, and gesture as well as the contents of speech, speak with a monotonous voice, fail to be vivid and clear in voice, and have absence of expression, thereby bringing about difficulty even for social adjustment and about low self-esteem. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine effectiveness for enhancing self-expression and self-esteem by applying music therapy to the chronic mental-handicapped. The subjects were the chronic mental-handicapped who receive rehabilitation service at the community rehabilitation center, and who have over 10 years in the duration of disease. 1he music therapy activity was progressed with totally 14 sessions during 7 weeks with twice a week. This study confirmed t-test that is verification of difference in the mean, in order to examine difference between before and after music therapy in self-expression and self-esteem of the chronic mental-handicapped, and researched into qualitative case. The findings are as follows. First, as a result of score in self-expression scale, the significant improvement was shown after music therapy compared to before music therapy. The significant difference was indicated in verbal self-expression, phonetic self-expression, and non-verbal self-expression, which are its sub-spheres. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that music therapy is effective for enhancing self-expression. Second, as a result of score in self-esteem scale, the significant difference was shown after music therapy compared to before music therapy. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that music therapy is effective for enhancing self-esteem. Through the above results, the music therapy showed effectiveness of self-expression ability and self-esteem in the chronic mental-handicapped at the community rehabilitation center, thereby having been confirmed to be possibly utilized as rehabilitation program for the social skill ability and the social adjustment of the chronic mental-handicapped.

• 대한병리학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2018

Background: BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations are frequently reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, very few studies have evaluated the role of these mutations in other renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. Therefore, we analyzed BAP1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry in several RCC subtypes and assessed its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Methods: BAP1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in tissue microarray blocks constructed from 371 samples of RCC collected from two medical institutions. BAP1 expression was evaluated based on the extent of nuclear staining in tumor cells, and no expression or expression in <10% of tumor cells was defined as negative. Results: Loss of BAP1 expression was observed in ccRCC (56/300, 18.7%), chromophobe RCC (6/26, 23.1%), and clear cell papillary RCC (1/4, 25%), while we failed to detect BAP1 expression loss in papillary RCC, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, or collecting duct carcinoma. In ccRCC, loss of BAP1 expression was significantly associated with high World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade (p=.002); however, no significant correlation was observed between loss of BAP1 expression and survival in ccRCC. Loss of BAP1 expression showed no association with prognostic factors in chromophobe RCC. Conclusions: Loss of BAP1 nuclear expression was observed in both ccRCC and chromophobe RCC. In addition, BAP1 expression loss was associated with poor prognostic factors such as high WHO/ISUP grade in ccRCC.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

In this paper, the pattern of extracting the same expression is proposed by using the Android intelligent device to identify the facial expression. The understanding and expression of expression are very important to human computer interaction, and the technology to identify human expressions is very popular. Instead of searching for the emoticons that users often use, you can identify facial expressions with acamera, which is a useful technique that can be used now. This thesis puts forward the technology of the third data is available on the website of the set, use the content to improve the infrastructure of the facial expression recognition accuracy, in order to improve the synthesis of neural network algorithm, making the facial expression recognition model, the user's facial expressions and similar e xpressions, reached 66%.It doesn't need to search for emoticons. If you use the camera to recognize the expression, itwill appear emoticons immediately. So this service is the emoticons used when people send messages to others, and it can feel a lot of convenience. In countless emoticons, there is no need to find emoticons, which is an increasing trend in deep learning. So we need to use more suitable algorithm for expression recognition, and then improve accuracy.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2017

This study concerns visual humor in fake technique fashion. While previous studies focused mainly on expression techniques of fake technique fashion, this study analyzed visual humor in fake technique fashion based on classification criteria of visual humor expression techniques, differenting this study from other studies. The purpose of this study was to derive visual humor in fake technique fashion by classifying cases of fake technique fashion, and re-classifying outcomes of primary classification based on criteria of visual humor expression techniques. As for methods, this theoretical study was conducted on humor, expression techniques of visual humor, fake fashion and fake expression techniques through literature review. Subsequently, 485 fake technique fashion images obtained from research were classified by expression techniques, and cases of fake technique fashion were analyzed. In addition, by combining this theoretical study with case studies, fake technique fashion was re-classified according to criteria of visual humor expression techniques to derive the characteristics of visual humor in fake technique fashion. Based on visual humor expression techniques, visual humor in fake technique fashion was created by distortion and transformation that made the fake look real by distorting or transforming the fake, enlargement and reduction that created new forms by altering familiar forms, and typeplay that added fun by changing familiar luxury logos into various forms.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.448-453
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• 2013

CpG-DNA has various immunomodulatory effects in dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. While induction of cytokines by CpG-DNA has been well documented in macrophages, the expression of costimulatory molecules in CpG-DNA treated macrophages has not yet been defined. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CpG-DNA on the expression of costimulatory molecules in RAW 264.7 cells. The surface expression of CD80 was slightly increased and CD83 expression was significantly increased in response to CpG-DNA. However, the expression of CD86 and MHC class II was not changed. As expression of CD83 mRNA was also increased by CpG-DNA, CD83 expression is regulated at a transcriptional level. To understand the contribution of signaling pathways to CD83 induction, we used pathway specific inhibitors. The NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor significantly reduced surface expression of CD83 as well as phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, CD83 expression may contribute to the immunostimulatory effects of CpG-DNA in macrophage cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7703-7705
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• 2014

Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are a group of tumor-associated antigens with restricted expression in normal tissues except for testis and expression in a wide variety of tumor tissues. This pattern of expression makes them suitable targets for immunotherapy as well as potential biomarkers for early detection of cancer. However, some genes attributed to this family are now known to be expressed in other normal tissues which put their potential applications in immunotherapy and cancer detection under question. Here we analyzed expression of two previously known CT antigens, RHOXF2 and PIWIL2, in AML patients versus normal donors and found no significant difference in the expression of these genes between the two groups. As these two genes showed expression in normal leukocytes, their expression pattern seems to be wider than to be attributed to the CT gene family. Future research should focus on the expression profiles of so called CT antigens to find those with more testis specific expression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1037-1041
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• 2013

Background: Prognostication of breast cancer using clinico-pathologic variables, although useful, remains imperfect. Recent research has focused on finding new markers of prognosis using gene expression profiling. Panels of proteins assessed by immunohistochemistry might also be useful in this regard. This study focused on Bcl-2 protein expression in triple-negative (TNBC) and non- triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) with correlation to clinico-pathologic variables. Materials and methods: We analyzed Bcl-2 expression in 77 women with primary breast carcinoma divided into two groups; triple-negative and non- triple-negative according to expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptors (Her2/neu). Bcl-2 expression was assessed in relation to age, histo-pathological subtype, grade, nodal status and tumor size. Results: Bcl-2 was expressed in 74% of triple-negative breast cancers and 70% of non- triple-negative cancers. In TNBC, expression was significantly correlated with invasive ductal subtype, while in non-TNBC it was significantly correlated with age and negative nodal status. In both groups higher Bcl-2 expression associated with favourable prognostic factors in breast cancer, but no significant statistical correlations were found. Conclusions: Frequency of Bcl-2 expression does not differ between TNBC and non-TNBC, but different prognostic factors correlate with Bcl-2 in the two cases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2006

Background: Caveolin-1 is a principal component of caveolae membranes in vivo. Although expression of caveolae structure and expression of caveolin family, caveolin-1, -2 and -3, was known in chondrocytes, the functional role of caveolae and caveolins in chondrocytes remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of caveolin-1 in articular chondrocytes. Methods: Rabbit articular chondrocytes were prepared from cartilage slices of 2-week-old New Zealand white rabbits by enzymatic digestion. Caveolin-1 cDNA was transfected to articular chondrocytes using LipofectaminePLUS. The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels were determined by immunoblot analysis, immunostaining, immunohistochemistry, and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ assay was used to measure the COX-2 activity. Results: Ectopic expression of caveolin-1 induced COX-2 expression and activity, as indicated by immunoblot analysis and $PGE_2$ assay. And also, overexpression of caveolin-1 stimulated activation of p38 kinase and ERK-1/-2. Inhibition of p38 kinase and ERK-1/-2 with SB203580 and PD98059, respectively, led to a dose-dependent decrease COX-2 expression and $PGE_2$ production in caveolin-1-transfected cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that ectopic expression of caveolin-1 contributes to the expression and activity of COX-2 in articular chondrocytes through MAP kinase pathway.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.662-668
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• 1998

Viruses belonging to the Hantavirus genus cause two acute severe illness in humans, i.e., Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome(HPS). Among them, Hantaan virus is one of the most important viruses causing HFRS. Recombinant expression vectors, pKK-NP and pET-NP, with Hantaan viral nucleocapsid gene were constructed, and used to transform Eschericia coli BL21(DE3). Stability of the vectors in the host strain, and effects of some environmental conditions on the expression of nucleocapsid gene were studied. Expression vector, pKK-NP, was very unstable, and the expression level of nucleocapsid gene was very low compared to that of pET-NP. BL21(pET-NP) produced about 100 mg of N protein per liter of culture broth. Induction time did not show any significant difference on the expression level of nucleocapsid gen and cell growth. BL21(pET-NP) culture at 35$^{\circ}C$ showed a little higher expression level than at 30$^{\circ}C$ during growth phase, but reached to the same level at stationary phase. Total expression level was proportional to supplemented glucose concentration of media up to 0.5% along with cell growth, but expression level per unit cell mass was inversely proportional to glucose concentration and maximal when glucose was not supplemented at all.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2006

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) RTA transcription factor is recruited to its responsive elements through interaction with RBP-Jk that is a downstream transcription factor of the Notch signaling pathway that is important in development and cell fate determination. This suggests that KSHV RTA mimics cellular Notch signal transduction to activate viral lytic gene expression. Here, I demonstrated that unlike other B lymphoma cells, KSHV -infected primary effusion lymphoma BCBL1 cells displayed the constitutive activation of ligand-mediated Notch signal transduction, evidenced by the Jagged ligand expression and the complete proteolytic process of Notch receptor I. In order to investigate the effect of Notch signal transduction on KSHV gene expression, human Notch intracellular (hNIC) domain that constitutively activates RBP-Jk transcription factor activity was expressed in BCBL1 cells, TRExBCBL1-hNIC, in a tetracycline inducible manner. Gene expression profiling showed that like RTA, hNIC robustly induced expression of a number of viral genes including KS immune modulatory gene resulting in downregulation of MHC I and CD54 surface expression. Finally, the genetic analysis of KSHV genome demonstrated that the hNIC-mediated expression of KS during viral latency consequently conferred the downregulation of MHC I and CD54 surface expression. These results indicate that cellular. Notch signal transduction provides a novel expression profiling of KSHV immune deregulatory gene that consequently confers the escape of host immune surveillance during viral latency.