• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2018

Background: Selecting priority occupational carcinogens is important for cancer prevention efforts; however, standardized selection methods are not available. The objective of this paper was to describe the methods used by CAREX Canada in 2015 to establish priorities for preventing occupational cancer, with a focus on exposure estimation and descriptive profiles. Methods: Four criteria were used in an expert assessment process to guide carcinogen prioritization: (1) the likelihood of presence and/or use in Canadian workplaces; (2) toxicity of the substance (strength of evidence for carcinogenicity and other health effects); (3) feasibility of producing a carcinogen profile and/or an occupational estimate; and (4) special interest from the public/scientific community. Carcinogens were ranked as high, medium or low priority based on specific conditions regarding these criteria, and stakeholder input was incorporated. Priorities were set separately for the creation of new carcinogen profiles and for new occupational exposure estimates. Results: Overall, 246 agents were reviewed for inclusion in the occupational priorities list. For carcinogen profile generation, 103 were prioritized (11 high, 33 medium, and 59 low priority), and 36 carcinogens were deemed priorities for occupational exposure estimation (13 high, 17 medium, and 6 low priority). Conclusion: Prioritizing and ranking occupational carcinogens is required for a variety of purposes, including research, resource allocation at different jurisdictional levels, calculations of occupational cancer burden, and planning of CAREX-type projects in different countries. This paper outlines how this process was achieved in Canada; this may provide a model for other countries and jurisdictions as a part of occupational cancer prevention efforts.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1979

A study on consecutive changes of milk was carried out to determine the changes of milk components and microorganisms by different containers. The containers included in this study were glass bottles, polyethylene packs, polystyrene bottles and aluminum foils. The number of total microorganisms and coliforms, contents of milk fat and vitamin A were tested. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The number of total microorganisms exceeded the legal criteria within 2-3 days at 4$\circ$C, 24 hours at room temperature (20-23$\circ$C) and 3 hours at 35$\circ$C. 2) The number of coliforms in milk contained in glass bottles exceeded the legal criteria within 3 days at 4$\circ$C, that of glass bottles and polyethylene packs within 12 hours at room temperature (20-23$\circ$C), that of polyethylene packs and polystyrene bottles within 6 hours at 35$\circ$C, and that of glass bottles within 9 hours at 35$\circ$C respectively. 3) The milk fat contents by di'fferent containers were not changed at all. 4) Vitamin A contents were reduced by a slight exposure to sunlight. The destruction rates of all containers were the highest in an hour after exposure to sunlight. The rates by different containers were 50.1% in glass bottles, 47.6% in polyethylene packs, 30.4% in polystyrene bottles in an hour after exposure respectively. After an hour exposure, the destruction rates gradually decreased. The vitamin A destruction rate of glass bottles were the highest, and that of polyethylene packs were next, and that of polystyrene bottles were the lowest 5) The changes of pH of milk were high in the following order: the milk in glass bottles, polyethylene packs, and polystyrene bottles. pH of milk in aluminum foils were not changed.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The causative role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in human carcinogenesis is undisputed. Measurements of PAH-DNA adduct levels in easily accessible white blood cells therefore represent useful early endpoints in exposure intervention of chemoprevention studies. The successful applicability of DNA adducts as early endpoints depends on several criteria:i.adduct levels in easily accessible surrogate tissues should reflect adduct levels in target-tissues, ii. toxicokinetics and the temporal relevance should be properly defined.iii. sources of inter- and intra-individual variability must be known and controllable, and finally iv. adduct analyses must have advantages as compared to other markers of PAH-exposure. In general, higher DNA adduct levels or a higher proportion of subjects with detectable DNA adduct levels were found in exposed individuals as compared with non-exposed subjects, but saturation may occur at high exposures. Furthermore, DNA adduct levels varied according to changes in exposure, for example smoking cessation resulted in lower DNA adduct levels and adduct levels paralleled seasonal variations of air-pollution. Intra-individual variation during continuous exposure was low over a short period of time (weeks), but varied significantly when longer time periods (months) were investigated. Inter-individual variation is currently only partly explained by genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in PAH-metabolism and deserves further investigation. DNA adduct measurement may have three advantages over traditional exposure assessment: i. they can smooth the extreme variability in exposure which is typical for environmental toxicants and may integrate exposure over a longer period of time. Therefore, DNA adduct assessment may reduce the monitoring effort. ii. Biological monitoring of DNA adducts accounts for all exposure routes. iii. DNA adducts may account for inter-individual differences in uptake, elimination, distribution, metabolism and repair amongst exposed individuals. In conclusion, there is now a sufficiently large scientific basis to justify the application of DNA adduct measurement as biomarkers in exposure assessment and intervention studies. Their use in risk-assessment, however, requires further investigation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.93-111
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• 2020

현행 국내 건강영향평가는 환경영향평가제도 내 특정 개발사업에 한해서 수행된다. 하지만 건강영향평가가 개발사업의 시행 단계에서 수행됨에 따라 심각한 건강 악영향이 예상됨에도 불구하고 적절한 조치를 취하지 못하는 경우가 있다. 특히 산업단지 개발사업의 경우에 운영으로 인한 건강 악영향 예상 및 개발단계에서의 건강영향평가로 인해 환경갈등이 자주 발생하고 있다. 이 연구는 산업단지 개발에 있어 건강영향을 고려한 계획 적정성 평가 방법을 제안하고 이를 실제 개발사업들에 적용하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 US EPA의 CalEnviroScreen 3.0 및 US ATSDR의 Public Health Assessment를 참조해서 건강영향을 고려한 계획 적정성 평가 방법을 제안하였다. 평가 방법으로는 지역사회 특성, 배경노출, 그리고 개발부담으로 구분한 지표 사용을 제안하였다. 문헌조사 등을 통해 지역사회 특성 지표 5개, 배경노출 지표 3개, 개발부담 지표 7개를 선정하였으며, 건강영향평가 관련 전문가들에게 계층적 의사결정법 설문조사를 통해 각 지표의 가중치를 산출하였다. 과거 국가 주도의 3개 국가산업단지 개발사업에 대해 시범 적용하였으며, 이를 통해 각 지표들에 대한 활용자료 및 평가값을 세분화하여 평가 방법을 구체화하였다. 건강영향을 고려한 계획 적정성 기준은 산업단지 개발에 대한 정부의 정책방향과 연계하여 첫째 총점기준, 둘째 총점 및 지역사회 특성기준, 그리고 개발부담 지표에 예외를 둔 총점 및 지역사회 특성기준으로 제안하였다.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.132-137
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• 2006

With the help of the development of digital-multimedia in the middle of 1990's, FDP(Flat Panel Display) had attracted considerable attention. Collimation proximity exposure system that transfers the pattern on wafer or glass exactly using mask and light with appropriate wavelength is core process in semiconductor and liquid display element. The performances of resolution required in precision exposure system are evaluated by resolving power, depth of focus and storage area. Most of development has targeted on these three factors. The optical design including lamp house has played an important role on the performance of exposure process. In this study, we evaluate the cooling system, concerning on exposure device with mercury lamp among the kernel equipment for the production of LCD, to prevent the instability of lighting due to long term accumulation of excessive heating inside the lamp house. Numerical analysis is conducted on full-scale model. The characteristics of three-dimensional flow, pressure and temperature distribution on exposure system are graphically depicted to estimate the whole cooling system for lamp house and to establish the design criteria.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.322-327
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• 2006

In our previous research, office workers are relatively frequent in self-reported symptoms suggestive of MCS/IEI compare to construction worker who highly exposed to VOCs compounds. However in that research, the subjects were too small to say it clearly. Based on that research results, self reported symptom surveys to 110 office workers and personal exposure concentration measurement were conducted to 13 of people. VOCs exposure levels were measured within office, house and other places during a week by Passive Sampling Method. In this study, it was found that the number of office workers who met the operational criteria of MCS/IEI was 23.6% similar to 24.5% of previous result, and average of TVOC concentration was appeared high state by order of office, house, and personal exposure.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2008

Under the non-operating exposure condition in the hot area, the T-50 cockpit temperature is expected over the requirement according to T-50 environmental criteria. So it is necessary to protect the cockpit from the high temperature condition during the non-operating exposure because the high temperature of the cockpit may result in the cockpit equipment malfunction. In this study, the transparency coating is selected as the method for protecting the cockpit from the high temperature exposure and analyzed the effect on the cockpit heat load attenuation. Some kinds of cockpit coating were reviewed and selected and the analysis was performed about the effect before and after coating application under 1% hot day condition based on the T-50 FSD hot soaking test data. The result of analysis show transparency coating is so effective to attenuate the heat load of T-50 cockpit.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to safety assessment for human body on the guided missile combustion products. This study is to verify the safety assessment when operating the interior missile ejection take on verify the safety of the human body. During the missile ejection of combustion products, this study is analyzed combustion products. Result are accepted NIOSH and KOSHA of the safe guideline, and 6 exposure gas to the specified values 42% (CO), 22% ($CO_2$), not detected (others) are within minimal exposures criteria of the reference value respectively. Contribution of these results supported that interior missile ejection during combustion products may have been ensured human safely. Therefore, the future for improving the environmental safety of the shooting projectile steel plate round, dust collector, ventilation and other facilities is to improve environmental safety and efficient renovated design needed by target focused areas.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.99-127
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• 1998

The purposes of this study are first, to plan communication strategies for promoting the 1st National Science Festival and other events of the April 1997's Science Month in Koreas; second, to monitor communication activities done for those events; third, to evaluate effects of communication activities. Both the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Korea Science Foundation were arranged to execute our planned communication strategies. Basically we utilized the three sequences of human behavioral condition : Exposure, attention, and cognition. For planning, we suggested concrete communication strategies for each sequence, for example, first, those for bringing exposure to every event, second, those for bringing attention to the event, and third, those for bringing cognition of the event. Those communication strategies were suggested to use specifics of newspapers, television programs, radio programs, commercial and corporate magazines, electric visual sign advertisements on the street, and computer communication. For monitoring and evaluation, we used the same three sequences as the criteria. For example, we monitored and evaluated how much exposure, attention or cognition an event got or which specific medium contributed to exposure to, cognition of an event. For monitoring, graduate students were dispatched to examine each event through watching and interviewing. For evaluation, about 950 of event participants and non-participants were surveyed by means of face-to-face interview. Overall, we found that newspaper articles and television programs contributed a lot to people's exposure to events of the April 1997's Science Month. Especially, newspaper played a major role of heightening exposure. However, most events and/or their science and technology content failed to get salient attention and its following active cognition. The 1st National Science Festival attracted much exposure, but had some problems of disorder and commercialism. This sharp increase of exposure and some attention were believed to have reinforced people's, especially event participants' positive opinion of science and technology which is part of scientific culture.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) supports a decision-making process such as establishment of environmental quality criteria. Soil quality criteria (SQC) are essential to protect soil organisms from the exposure to various soil contaminants. In this study, ERA methodologies of advanced countries for soil pollution were extensively compared to propose the ERA approach suitable for soil ecosystem in Korea. The soil ERAs in European Chemical Bureau(ECB), The Netherlands, and Canada can be classified as deterministic ecological risk assessment (DERA), and probabilistic ecological risk assessment (PERA) based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD). We propose three ERA methods according to abundance and reliability of soil ecotoxicity data. The method considered land use such as residential/agricultural, and industrial/commercial uses. The taxonomic groups of soil organism were classified as 'Class' level including different trophic levels (Magnoliopsida or Liliopsida, Clitellata, and Insecta or Secernentea). This study can be used to estimate the soil quality criteria to protect soil biota.