• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.3472-3476
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• 1974

This test was attempted to investigate the effects of some mix designs of concreteon the compressive strengths and corrosive rates when exposed to sea water of the West Sea. In this test, concrete mixes consisted of an ordinary concrete, a pozzolan concrete and concretes with different admixtures such as fly ash, pozzolith and vinsol resin. Compressive strengths of the concrete were measured at ages of 1-year and 2-years when exposed to both sea water and fresh water. Corrosive rate was tested at ages of 1-year and 2-years when exposed to sea water only. The results obtained from the test may be summarized as follows: (1) When all of concretes were exposed to fresh water, compressive strength of an ordinary concrete was the lowest at all mixes of concretes, and all of them showed higher strength as the exposing age is longer. It was evidance that the uses of pozsolan cement, fly ash, pozzolith and vinsol resin in mix design of concrete had an effect on increasing compressive strength and that fresh water also had an effect on curing concretes even though at a long-time age. (2) When concretes were exposed sea water, a concrete with fly ash was the highest in compressive strength and its strength was increasing as the exposing age is longer, but the other concretes were decreased at 2-year exposure. It was found that a concrete with fly ash was the most effective on compressive strength of all concrete, but the other concretes were attacked by action of the sea water. (3) The use of vinsol resin admixture was the most resistant to corrosion by sea water, while the use of pozzolith was the most serious at corrosion and the others were corroded to almost same extent. (4) The relationship between corrosions and compressive strengths of concretes was not clearly correlated yet. It was known that the corrosive rate of concretes could not affect to compressive strengths by 2-year exposure of the sea water. (5) Pozzolan concrete was the most effective in compressive strength when exposed to fresh water only, However, the use of a fly ash admixture was available for compressive strength when exposing to both fresh water and sea water. It was also noticed that the use of vinsol resin was not available for strengths of concrete but for resistance to corrosion when exposed to sea water. (6) It was found that the use of pozzolith was so defective in compressive strengths and corrosiive resistance when exposing to sea water that it was only available for fresh water.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.72-86
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• 2008

This research focused on determining the brassiere preference index and wearing status of chinese ladies in their 20's living in the Shanghai region of China, to help Korean lingerie companies in their development of bras to successfully advance into the Chinese lingerie market. The main research tool of this research was various different surveys, and the results of the surveys were evaluated using the SPSS 12.0 for Window program. The results of the survey can be summarized as: 1) consciousness and satisfaction level of the body. The satisfaction level of the brest was proportionate to the size of the brassiere, thus, people showed higher level of satisfaction for cone-shaped, semi-circular shaped, prominent-shaped(exposing), lifted-shaped brest over flat-shaped brest. Concerning the relationship between the shape of the brest and the age of the customers, people under 22 years of age preferred flat-shaped, and those between 23-24 years of age preferring exposing and lifted brest, thus as females mature and get older, the size of their brest increases, thus having preference on more circular and lifted-shaped brest and bras. 2) Status of bra wearing in China When we look at the size of the bra in relation to the shape of the brest, those classified as having 'flat-shaped' brest showed a high proportion of A-cups, ranging from 75A, 70A and 80A, where as those of 'cone-shaped' brest represented high ration of B-cups, ranging from 75B, 75A and 80B. Majority of those classified as having 'semi-circular shaped' and 'prominent-shaped(exposing)' brest showed a high ration in the size 80 range. And vast majority of those classified into the 'lifted-shaped' brest group, were reported of having C-cup size bras. 3) Status of Bra Purchasing As people mature, the main reason behind choosing a bra was the actual design of the bra, where they emphasized the importance of aesthetic values. People classified as having 'flat-shaped' and 'cone-shaped' brest emphasized the importance of design and beauty, while those having 'semi-circular shaped,' 'prominent-shaped(exposing),' and 'liftedshaped' brest groups emphasized the importance of hygiene and the material(fabric) of the bra. This shows that when people have relatively smaller brest, they emphasize the importance of external appearance whereas when the size of the brest increases, they pay more attention to the function of the bra rather than the external appearance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1695-1700
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• 2008

An immunosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with enhanced performance was developed through a mixed self-assembled monolayer. A mixture of 16-mercaptohexadecanic acid (16-MHA) and 1-undecanethiol with various molar ratios was self-assembled on gold (Au) surface and the carboxylic acid groups of 16-MHA were then coordinated to Zn ions by exposing the substrate to an ethanolic solution of $Zn(NO_3)_2\cdot 6H_2O$. The antibody was immobilized on the SPR surface by exposing the functionalized substrate to the desired solution of antibody in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) molecules. The film formation in series was confirmed by SPR and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The functionalized surface was applied to develop an SPR immunosensor for detecting human serum albumin (HSA) and the estimated detection limit (DL) was 4.27 nM. The limit value concentration can be well measured between ill and healthy conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.955-967
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the 5 kinds of fabrics dyed with persimmon juice and undyed fabrics. The difference between dyed and undyed fabrics was checked experimentally. Obtained results are as follows. 1. Bending length and flex stiffness were increased after dyeing, and tensile strength of waif i3l fabrics except Ramie was also increased. 2. Abrasion resistance was improved in Ramie and Hemp after dyeing but the rest of fabrics were decreased. 3. Crease resistance of dyed fabrics was roughly worse than that of undyed fabrics. 4. Air permeability remarkably increased after dyeing and this fact estabilished that the traditional Gal-01 was cool clothing. 5. Water repellency in Cotton 1 and Polyester rises but the rest of fabrics were not changed. Therefore it is found that this repellency related to the their fabric counts. 6. Blocking effect of UV light and visible ray was increased in all dyed fabrics. Especially dyed Cotton 1 and Polyester blocked UV light almost perfectly. 7. The colorfastness to soaping and sunlight was proved to less than 3 grade in all fabrics after dyeing. It indicates that this colorfastness became worse owing to dyeing. 8. The colorfastness to dry cleaning and water was decided to more than 3 grade in all fabrics. 9. The colorfastness of the dyed fabrics to sweat after exposing to man-made acid sweat solution was good so that was decided above 3 grade. However after exposing to man-made alkalic sweat solution it became worse owing to dyeing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 1991

Current studies indicated that emphysema in smokers might be due, in part, to the local suppression of G, -protease inhibitor(u, -Pl) in lung by reactive oxygen species in cigarette smoke or smoke-activated lung neutrophiles. In the present works, we examined the possibility that a measure which inactivated $\alpha$l-Pl by cigarette smoke could be an alternative method to evaluate the cigarette quality, In order to determine the inactivation of $\alpha$1, -Pl, trypsin inhibitory capacity(TIC) was assayed. A rapid loss of $\alpha$1, -Pl activity occurred when $\alpha$1-Pl solutions was exposed the gas phase or total particulate matter(TPM) obtained from various brands. The inactivation of $\alpha$1-Pl by gas phase was dependent upon the number of puffs and the age of the smoke. However, that by TPM was rather decreased since 2 puffs and also showed no more change over 24hrs after exposing. Inactivation of $\alpha$1-Pl determined by our suggested method(5 puffs, 24hours of aging after exposing) using various commercial cigarettes exhibited that high tar brands has inactivated it more strongly than low tar cigarettes. But the ability of some brands to inactivate $\alpha$1-Pl does not correlate with the content of tar or nicotine. These results so여esc that the degree of $\alpha$1-Pl inactivation by cigarette smoke may be a useful index for the evaluation of cigarette quality and that it should be also contribute to the manufacture of less hazardous cigarettes.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-107
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• 1999

The primary purpose of this study is to inquire into the characteristic of exposure presented in fashion, identify the correct concept of exposure from an aesthetic perspective, and grasp the contemporary meaning of exposure presented in fashion. As a result of study, the following findings were obtained: First, the surrealist style of fashion exhibited representations such as the relocation of the partial details, the harmonization of the natural and the artificial, the emphasis or expansion of each part of the body, and the like. It used highlighted the genital region with ornamentations or used the technique of paradoxically exposing the part of the body always covered. And it exbibited the paradoxical relationship of exposure and concealment by exposing the concealed part of the human body. Second, the post-modern style showed the complicated phenomenon that the values of several meanings such as the historic, the folk, and the like appeared in its fashion. It shares in spatiotemporal eclecticism, pluralistic characteristics and the like found in the post-modern culture. Third, the deconstructive style gets rid of the distinction between the external space and the private space by translating underwears into outer garments. It destroys clothing by tearing or perforating clothing whereby it represents the poor image. Coupled with women‘s psychology of exposure and the new generation’s way of thinking indifferent to others‘ eyes, this fashion of deconstruction occupies the great current of fashion. Deconstructive fashion gets away with the rule of ‘having to wear clothing to suit TPO(Time, Place and Occasion), the traditional norm of wearing clothing.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Phthalates and those metabolites have long history in industry and suspected to have deficient effects in development and reproduction. These are well-known anti-androgenic chemicals and many studies have examined the effects of these compounds on male reproduction as toxins and endocrine disruptors. Uterus is a key organ for proper embryo development, successful reproduction, and health of eutherian mammals including women. To understand the effects of the phthalate, the horizontal approach with a whole group of phthalate is best but the known phthalates are huge and all is not uncovered. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most common product of plasticizers in polymer products and studied many groups. Although, there is limited studies on the effects of phthalates on the female, a few studies have proved the endocrine disrupting characters of DEHP or phthalate mixture in female. An acute and high dose of DEHP has adverse effects on uterine histological characters. Recently, it has been revealed that a chronical low-dose exposing of DEHP works as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). DEHP can induce various cellular responses including the expression regulation of steroid hormone receptors, transcription factors, and paracrine factors. Interestingly, the response of uterus to DEHP is not monotonous and the exposed female has various phenotypes in fertility. These suggest that the exposing of DEHP may causes of histological modification in uterus and of disease in female such as endometriosis, hyperplasia, and myoma in addition to developmental and reproductive toxicity.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.472-477
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• 1995

The degree of the photodoping process in Ag(100[.angs.])/a-Se$_{75}$Ge$_{25}$(1500[.angs.]) films has measured as a function of the photon energy between 1.5[eV] and 2.9[eV] with the exposing time. The "window" characteristics of Ag occur at 3400[.angs.] (3.65[eV]) and Ag is almost transparent in this region. It is shown that transmittance is almost constant (40-50%) for the wavelength ranges of our experiment. It is found that the energy gap of a unexposed a-Se$_{75}$Ge$_{25}$ film is 1.81[eV]. Ag photodoping process results in the photodarkening effect which the absorption edge shifts to the long wavelength. Especially, very large band shift (-0.3[eV]) is obtained by exposing He-Ne laser(6328[.angs.]).. We have obtained "the U-type property" for Ar He-Ne and semiconductor laser. It is associated with the variation of energy gap(E$_{g}$) with photo-dose and substantially is explained by DWP model.l.gap(E$_{g}$) with photo-dose and substantially is explained by DWP model.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 1970

Alterations of H-and M-isozymes of Lactic Dehydrogenase(LDH) were observed in the various tissues after exposing the rats to 50ppm and 250ppm of sulfur dioxide. These isozymes of the respective tissue were separated by Diethlaminoethyl (DTAE)-cellulose from the tissue homogenates of brain, lung and muscle, presenting the activities by rate of reduction of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide ($NAD^+$). Pure LDH and the coenzyme ($NAD^+$) were directly treated with sulfur dioxide in vitro in order to find out the direct to sulfur dioxide on LDH and $NAD^+$ and the results were as follows. 1. In the normal tissues, the H-isozyme activity was dominant in the brain and heart, and the M-isozyme in the muscle. 2. In the lung tissue of normal rats, there was no difference between the activity of H-and M-type of LDH. 3. When rats inhale sulfur dioxide gas in concentration of 50ppm and 250ppm, it appeared that the H-type tend to be suppressed in aerobic tissues and the M-type in anaerobic tissues. 4. In the lung tissue exposed to sulfur dioxide, both the LDH activities were suppressed. 5. It seems that LDH and the coenzyme ($NAD^+$) are not directly affected by exposing in sulfur dioxide gas.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.665-668
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• 1997

We fabricated a number of optical fiber Bragg gratings by varying the UV beam parameters such as the laser energy density, pulse repetition rate and exposing time. The reflectance and the Bragg wavelength shift of the fiber Bragg gratings formed with a KrF excimer laser in real time depend strongly on the UV beam parameters. The index changes in the gratings during the exposing time are well fitted to the well known equations.