• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제36C권5호
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• pp.76-85
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• 1999

신경회로망을 동적 정보처리에 응용하기 위해서는 비대칭 결합 신경회로망에서 생성되는 동적 상태천이에 관한 직관적 이해가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 각 뉴런이 최근접 뉴런에만 이진화된 결합하중 +1 및 -1로 연결된 순환결합형 신경회로망의 동적인 상태천이 특성을 해석하였다. 상태천이 해석 알고리즘을 이용한 시뮬레이션 결과, 네트워크는 고정점, 베이슨을 갖는 리미트사이클 및 베이슨이 없는 리미트사이클의 3가지 어트랙터를 가진다. 또한, 네트워크에서 생성되는 리미트사이클의 수와 주기를 이론적으로 해석하여 정식화하고, 리미트사이클을 구성하는 상태벡터의 필요조건을 나타내었다. 이론 해석의 결과는 네트워크에서 생성되는 리미트사이클의 수가 뉴런(소자)의 수 n에 대해서 지수 함수적으로 증가함을 보여준다. 따라서 순환 결합형 신경회로망은 많은 동적 정보를 저장할 수 있는 메모리 시스템으로 이용할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1977

Flowering dates of 389 plant species in the Hongneung Arboretum, Seoul, had been recorded from 1968 through 1975. The thermal analysis on the air temperature as the key factor determining the first flowering date, with climatological data obtained in the Arboretum, were undertaken by Nuttonson's Index (1948) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (1956). The results and conclusion in this study are as follow; Peak in the bell shape distribution curve of the species and first flowering dates, largely, was early May. Flower spans of most species were 10 to 20 days, neverthless, some species flower only a few days while others may stay flowering a hundred days even more. Increase-curves of summation temperature from early spring through late-summer showed almost the same mode in both Nuttonson;s Index (Tn) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (T1). These Indices manifested the exponential curve, increasing slowly at the beginning of spring chiefly but rapidly from the middle part of April. The equation of the linear relationahip between Tn and Tl as far as in thisstudy is as follow. Tl=230Tn It appears that the distribution of summation temperature, below Tn=400°C·day, affects the first flowering, even though it could be modified somehow by the distribution of precipitation, day length and others. Nuttonson's Index (Tn.f) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (Tl.f) upon the thermal amount first flowering dates have been respectively simulated as follow. Tn.f=θa + C Tl.f=230θa + 230C where θ is air temperature 10°C, a and C are a constant.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.299-304
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• 1974

대구시내 중고등학교에 재학중인 12세에서 17세 사이의 남학생 360명을 대상으로 체격을 측정하여 체격의 대표치라고 할 수 있는 신장을 독립변수로 하고 년령 증가에 따라 변화가 뚜렷한 11가지의 체격치 (체중, 흉위, 좌고, 하지장, 대퇴장, 대퇴위, 하퇴장, 상지장, 상박장, 전박위 및 피부두겹두께)를 각각 종속변수로 하여 회귀분석을 하고 결정 계수를 산출 하였다. 회귀분석의 결과를 보면 회귀계수는 신장에 대한 체중의 회귀계수가 0.90으로 가장컸으며 피부 두겹 두께의 회귀계수가 0.09로서 가장 작았다. 대개 측정치가 크면 회귀계수도 컸으나 그 관계가 꼭 일정하지는 않았다. 직선이나 곡선의 회귀관계에서 두 변량의 관계 표현의 적합도를 나타내는 결정계수는 대퇴장과 피부 두겹 두께의 경우를 제외하면 거의 모두 1에 가까워서 이들은 직선의 회귀방정식으로서도 두 체격치사이의 관계를 무리없이 표현할수 있었으며 특히 피부두겹두께의 경우에는 측정과정에서 일어나는 오차가 전체에 미치는 영향이 상당히 커서 일차회귀로서는 표현이 아무래도 미흡함을 알수 있었다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2004

High Deborah or Weissenberg number problems in viscoelastic flow modeling have been known formidably difficult even in the inertialess limit. There exists almost no result that shows satisfactory accuracy and proper mesh convergence at the same time. However recently, quite a breakthrough seems to have been made in this field of computational rheology. So called matrix-logarithm (here we name it tensor-logarithm) formulation of the viscoelastic constitutive equations originally written in terms of the conformation tensor has been suggested by Fattal and Kupferman (2004) and its finite element implementation has been first presented by Hulsen (2004). Both the works have reported almost unbounded convergence limit in solving two benchmark problems. This new formulation incorporates proper polynomial interpolations of the log­arithm for the variables that exhibit steep exponential dependence near stagnation points, and it also strictly preserves the positive definiteness of the conformation tensor. In this study, we present an alternative pro­cedure for deriving the tensor-logarithmic representation of the differential constitutive equations and pro­vide a numerical example with the Leonov model in 4:1 planar contraction flows. Dramatic improvement of the computational algorithm with stable convergence has been demonstrated and it seems that there exists appropriate mesh convergence even though this conclusion requires further study. It is thought that this new formalism will work only for a few differential constitutive equations proven globally stable. Thus the math­ematical stability criteria perhaps play an important role on the choice and development of the suitable con­stitutive equations. In this respect, the Leonov viscoelastic model is quite feasible and becomes more essential since it has been proven globally stable and it offers the simplest form in the tensor-logarithmic formulation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4903-4929
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• 2018

In this study, a fully automatic pose and expression invariant 3D face alignment algorithm is proposed to handle frontal and profile face images which is based on a two pass course to fine alignment strategy. The first pass of the algorithm coarsely aligns the face images to an intrinsic coordinate system (ICS) through a single 3D rotation and the second pass aligns them at fine level using a minimum nose tip-scanner distance (MNSD) approach. For facial recognition, multi-view faces are synthesized to exploit real 3D information and test the efficacy of the proposed system. Due to optimal separating hyper plane (OSH), Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed in multi-view face verification (FV) task. In addition, a multi stage unified classifier based face identification (FI) algorithm is employed which combines results from seven base classifiers, two parallel face recognition algorithms and an exponential rank combiner, all in a hierarchical manner. The performance figures of the proposed methodology are corroborated by extensive experiments performed on four benchmark datasets: GavabDB, Bosphorus, UMB-DB and FRGC v2.0. Results show mark improvement in alignment accuracy and recognition rates. Moreover, a computational complexity analysis has been carried out for the proposed algorithm which reveals its superiority in terms of computational efficiency as well.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2018

In the last decade, there has been an exponential increase of scientific interest in smart additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Among the different AM techniques, one of the most commonly applied processes is digital light processing (DLP). DLP uses a digital projector screen to flash an ultraviolet light which cures photopolymer resins. The resin is cured to form a solid to produce parts with precise high dimensional accuracy. During the curing process, there are several process parameters that need to be optimized. Among these, the exposure time affects the quality of the 3D printed specimen such as mechanical strength and dimensional accuracy. This study examines optimal exposure times and their impact on printed part. It was found that there is optimal exposure time for printed part to have appropriate mechanical strength and accurate dimensions. The gel fraction and TGA test results confirmed that the improvement of mechanical properties with the increasing UV exposure time was due to the increase of crosslinked network formation with UV exposure time in acrylic resins. In addition, gel fraction and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to microscopically investigate how this process parameter impacts mechanical performance.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.417-443
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• 2020

Tunnels have been an integral part of human civilization. Due to complexity in its design and structure, the stability of underground structures under extreme loading conditions has utmost importance. Increased terrorism and geo-political conflicts have forced the engineers and researchers to study the response of underground structures, especially tunnels under blast loading. The present study has been carried out to seek the response of tunnel structures under blast load using the finite element technique. The tunnel has been considered in quartzite rock of northern India. The Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model has been adopted for the elastoplastic behaviour of rock. The rock model surrounding the tunnel has dimensions of 30 m x 30 m x 35 m. Both unlined and lined (concrete) tunnel has been studied. Concrete Damage Plasticity model has been considered for the concrete lining. Four different parameters (i.e., tunnel diameter, liners thickness, overburden depth and mass of explosive) have been varied to observe the behaviour under different condition. To carry out blast analysis, Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) modelling has been adopted for modelling of TNT (Trinitrotoluene) and enclosed air. JWL (Jones-Wilkins-Lee) model has been considered for TNT explosive modelling. The paper concludes that deformations in lined tunnels follow a logarithmic pattern while in unlined tunnels an exponential pattern has been observed. The stability of the tunnel has increased with an increase in overburden depth in both lined and unlined tunnels. Furthermore, the tunnel lining thickness also has a significant effect on the stability of the tunnel, but in smaller diameter tunnel, the increase in tunnel lining thickness has not much significance. The deformations in the rock tunnel have been decreased with an increase in the diameter of the tunnel.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 광범위한 이동통신채널환경에 적용할 수 있는 나카가미-m 페이딩 채널로 다중경로 페이딩 채널을 모델화하고, 수신신호와 수신기 내의 PLL(Phase Locked Loop)에서 발생된 참조신호와의 위상차를 위상에러로 가정하고 이러한 에러를 보정하기 위해 PLL을 이용한 새로운 RAKE수신기를 제안하였으며, 제안된 수신기로부터, RAKE수신기의 브랜치수 L, MIP(Multipath Intensity Profile)의 지수감소율 δ, PLL의 이득 γ/sub n/에 따른 DS/SS(Direct Sequence/spread Spectrum) 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 제안된 RAKE수신기의 L이 증가되고, 5가 감소할수록 시스템의 성능이 개선되었으며 또한 PLL이득이 30㏈가 되었을 때 위상이 일치하게 되어 완전동기된 시스템과 동일한 성능을 나타냈다. 따라서 제안된 RAKE수신기로 위상에러를 보정할 수 있고, 수신기 내의 PLL에서 요구되는 이득의 상한이 30㏈임을 입증하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2267-2273
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• 2011

A novel energetic material, 1-amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinyl)-2,2-dinitroethylene (APHDNE), was synthesized by the reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) at 110 $^{\circ}C$. The theoretical investigation on APHDNE was curried out by B3LYP/6-311+$G^*$ method. The IR frequencies analysis and NMR chemical shifts were performed and compared with the experimental results. The thermal behavior of APHDNE was studied by DSC and TG/DTG methods, and can be divided into two crystal phase transition processes and three exothermic decomposition processes. The enthalpy, apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the first exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained as -525.3 kJ $mol^{-1}$, 276.85 kJ $mol^{-1}$ and $10^{26.22}s^{-1}$, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of APHDNE is 237.7 $^{\circ}C$. The specific heat capacity of APHDNE was determined with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity is 363.67 J $mol^{-1}K^{-1}$ at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time-to-explosion of APHDNE was also calculated to be a certain value between 253.2-309.4 s. APHDNE has higher thermal stability than FOX-7.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 암반사면에서 실시간으로 측정된 시간에 대한 변위 자료를 분석하여 암반사면의 잠재적인 파괴시간을 예측하는 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 소프트웨어는 파괴시간을 추정하기 위한 역속도법, 로그시간-로그속도법, 로그속도-로그가속도법, 비선형최소자승법을 적용하는 네 가지 모듈로 구성되었다. 소프트웨어는 해석모듈 및 GUI의 효율적인 구현을 위하여 VisualBasic.NET 언어를 이용하여 MS Visual Studio 플랫폼에서 제작되었다. 소프트웨어의 기능 및 성능은 기존의 실내 모형사면 실험으로 얻은 변위자료를 사용하여 검토되었으며 지수형 거동을 보이는 활동면에서 실제 파괴시간과 유사한 파괴시간을 예측하였음을 확인하였다.