• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.140-143
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• 2000

연소특성은 인화성용제들(석유류 및 알코올류 등)의 취급, 저장, 수송에서 포함되어 있는 잠재 위험성을 평가할 때 고려된다. 여러 연소특성 가운데 폭발한계 (explosive limits)는 가연성물질(가스 및 증기)을 다루는 공정 설계 시 고려해야 할 중요한 변수로써, 발화원이 존재할 때 가연성가스와 옹기가 혼합하여 일정농도범위 내에서만 연소가 이루어지는 혼합범위를 말한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.428-433
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• 2003

화재 및 폭발 특성치로 인화점, 최소발화온도, 폭발한계, 최소발화에너지, 연소열 등을 들 수 있다. 연소특성은 인화성용제들(석유류 및 알코올류 등)의 취급, 저장, 수송에서 포함되어 있는 잠재 위험성을 평가할 때 고려된다. 여러 연소특성 가운데 폭발한계(explosive limits)는 가연성물질(가스 및 증기)을 다루는 공정 설계 시 고려해야 할 중요한 변수로써, 발화원이 존재할 때 가연성가스와 공기가 혼합하여 일정 농도범위 내에서만 연소가 이루어지는 혼합범위를 말한다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.273-278
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• 1998

여러가지 연소특성들은 가연성물질의 취급함에 있어 밸브조작실수, 배관접합부 파손. 저장 및 수송의 부주의로 주위에 공기와 혼합되면 화재 및 폭발이 발생할 수 있는 잠재적 위험성을 평가할 수 있다. 여러 연소특성 가운데 폭발(연소)한계(explosive (flammable) limits)는 가연성물질(가스 및 증기)을 다루는 화학공정에 있어 설계시 고려해야 할 가장 중요한 변수로써, 발화원이 존재할 때 가연성가스와 공기가 혼합하여 일정 농도 범위내에서만 연소가 이루어지는 혼합범위를 말한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.433-438
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• 2002

화재 및 폭발 특성치로 인화점, 최소발화온도, 폭발한계, 최소발화에너지, 연소열 등을 들 수 있다 이 가운데 폭발한계(explosive limits)는 가연성물질(가스 및 증기)을 다루는 공정 설계 시 고려해야 할 중요한 변수로써, 발화원이 존재할 때 가연성가스와 공기가 혼합하여 일정 농도범위 내에서만 연소가 이루어지는 혼합범위를 말한다/sup 1)/. 특히 폭발범위는 온도, 압력, 불활성가스의 농도, 화임전과 방향, 용기의 크기, 무리리적 상태 등에 의해 변한다/sup 2)/.(중략)

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2009

A quick and simple detection method of explosive compounds in environmental matrix (soil and water) can provide a screening step which reduces the number of unnecessary samples and the cost of expensive laboratory analysis at a site investigation. A commercially available EXPRAY$^{(R)}$Explosives Field Detection Kit (EXPRAY) was used to determine the minimum detection concentration and to test the possibility of semi-quantitative analysis of 14 explosive compounds using standard solutions. The results showed that EXPRAY could detect 5 explosive compounds, TNT, RDX, HMX, Tetryl, and TNB, out of 14 US EPA designated explosives. The minimum detection limit of the nitramine explosives was 14 ng/$^2$ for HMX and RDX. EXPRAY was more sensitive to nitroaromatics than the nitramines and the minimum detection limits per unit area (mm$^2$) for Tetryl, TNB, and TNT, were 3 ng, 3 ng, and 0.3 ng, respectively. The semi-quantification of 5 explosive compounds in an order ofmagnitude could be achieved by the intensity of developed color only when EXPRAY was applied on the standard solutions under controlled laboratory conditions. With contaminated soil samples, however, only the presence and type of explosive compounds was identified. Therefore, EXPRAY is an economic and sensitive method that can be used in a screening step for the identification of explosives in the field samples.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

The flash point is generally used as a hazardous index of fire and explosion of a flammable liquid. A classification of the flash points is important for the safe handling of flammable liquids such as solvent mixtures. The flash points of pure substances and solvent mixtures can be c calculated with the appropriate use of the fundamental laws of Raoult, Dalton, Le Chatelier and a activity coefficient models. In this study, experimentally determined lower and upper flash points w were compared with the calculated values by using Raoult's law and van Laar equation. The flash points of pure substances were in agreement with the calculated values by vapor pressure and e explosive limits. Also, the lower flash points of M.E.K(methylethylketone)-toluene system were i in agreement with the predicted values by Raoult’s law, and the upper flash points were in a agreement with the predicted values by van Laar equation. By means of this methodology, it is possible to evaluate reliability of expermental data of the flash points of the flammable mixtures.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.369-376
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• 1997

With recent progress of developing infrastructure, construction vibration from the sites and traffic vibration caused by high-speed rail, subway, and roads is becoming a hazardous factor for vibration environment. In order to predict the damages caused by the vibrations mentioned above the vibration sources, have to be distinguished between point vibration and line vibration. Once the character of the vibration source is determined vibration propagation phenomenon needs to be analyzed by using prediction formula, and compared to the limits authorized by the law. The main purpose of this thesis is to manage the efficient vibration by reflecting these finding in making a consrtuction plan. Therefore, Vibration Management System (VMS) was developed which can predict and analyze the extent of developed utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) to build a database. This database contains the attribute and the location information of the sources for predicting the formula of explosive vibration and subway traffic vibration, the buildings, the surrounding area and measurement sites. VMS will be useful in the future for predicting the vibrations caused by pile drive, traffic vibrations such as high speed electric railway, highway and roads, and other explosive vibrations by supplementing and updating the database.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.1 s.30
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

Explosion limit is one of the major physical properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. Explosion limits are used to classify flammable materials according to their relative flammability. Such a classification is important for the safe handling, storage, transportation of flammable substances. In this study, the lower explosion limits(LEL) of the flammable mixtures predicted with the appropriate use of the vapor composition and the heat of combustion of the individual components which constitute mixture. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with literature data within a few percent. From a given results, It is to be hoped that this methodology will contribute to the estimation of the explosive properties of flammable mixtures with improved accuracy and the broader application for other flammable substances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.2 s.31
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• pp.7-13
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• 2006

In order to evaluate the fire and explosion involved and to ensure the safe and optimized operation of chemical processes, it is necessary to know combustion characteristics. The explosion limit, the heat of combustion, flame temperature and temperature dependence of the lower explosive limit are the major combustion characteristics used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. The aim of this study is to investigate interrelationship of explosion characteristics and the temperature dependence of the lower explosion limit at elevated temperature for akylketones. By using the reference data, the empirical equations which describe the interrelationships of explosion properties of akylketones have been derived. Also, the new equations using the mathematical and statistical methods for predicting the temperature dependence of lower explosion limits of akylketones on the basis of the literature data are proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations agreed with literature data within a few percent. From the given results, using the proposed methodology, it is possible to predict the explosion limits of the other flammable substances.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2004

This paper describes the minimum ignition limits for propane-air 5.25 Vol.% mixture gases in low voltage inductive circiuts. The improved effects on the ignition limit are studied by parallel safety components(resistors) for propane-air 5.25 Vol.% mixture gas in low voltage inductive circuits. The experimental devices used in this test are the IEC type spark ignition test apparatus. The minimum ignition limits are controlled by the values of current in inductive circuit. Energy supplied from electric source is first accumulated at the inductance, it's extra energy is working as ignition source of the explosive gas. The improved effects on the ignition limit are respectively obtained as the maximum rising rate of 330% by composing parallel circuits between inductance and resistor as compared with disconnecting inductance with the safety components. The more values of inductance increase the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. The less values of resistor the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. It is considered that the result can be used for not only data for researches and development of intrinsically safe explosion-proof machines which are applied equipment and detectors used in dangerous areas but also for datum for its equipment tests.