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Screening and Possibility of Semi-quantitative Analysis of Explosive Compounds in Soil Using EXPRAY$^{(R)}$ Explosives Field Detection Kit  

Bae, Bum-Han (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Kyungwan University)
Cho, Jung-Hyun (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Kyungwan University)
Publication Information
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment / v.14, no.2, 2009 , pp. 45-53 More about this Journal
Abstract
A quick and simple detection method of explosive compounds in environmental matrix (soil and water) can provide a screening step which reduces the number of unnecessary samples and the cost of expensive laboratory analysis at a site investigation. A commercially available EXPRAY$^{(R)}$Explosives Field Detection Kit (EXPRAY) was used to determine the minimum detection concentration and to test the possibility of semi-quantitative analysis of 14 explosive compounds using standard solutions. The results showed that EXPRAY could detect 5 explosive compounds, TNT, RDX, HMX, Tetryl, and TNB, out of 14 US EPA designated explosives. The minimum detection limit of the nitramine explosives was 14 ng/$^2$ for HMX and RDX. EXPRAY was more sensitive to nitroaromatics than the nitramines and the minimum detection limits per unit area (mm$^2$) for Tetryl, TNB, and TNT, were 3 ng, 3 ng, and 0.3 ng, respectively. The semi-quantification of 5 explosive compounds in an order ofmagnitude could be achieved by the intensity of developed color only when EXPRAY was applied on the standard solutions under controlled laboratory conditions. With contaminated soil samples, however, only the presence and type of explosive compounds was identified. Therefore, EXPRAY is an economic and sensitive method that can be used in a screening step for the identification of explosives in the field samples.
Keywords
Explosive compounds; Colorimetry; Military Shooting range; Contaminants screening; Semi-quantification;
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