• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 2002

This paper discusses the nature of the associate NP of English there constructions and attempts to capture the underlying similarity between the associate NP in English and the nominative object in Korean. Specifically, this paper is centered on the Case property of the associate NP. As the first step, previous proposals on the case of the associate NP are critically reviewed. Through the criticism, this paper opposes to Chomsky's (1995, 2000, 2001) analysis and to Lasnik's (1999) partitive Case analysis. In particular, convincing reason for the partitive Case assignment to the associate NP, other than other cases, cannot be found. This paper, therefore, adopts a recent claim of Boeckx (2000) that the Case under consideration is nominative by Agree. His idea is extended to the analysis of the presentational expletive construction. This paper draws a conclusion that the associate NP of the presentational expletive construction has accusative by Agree. This dichotomy (or split) is also observed in the nominative object construction in Korean. In the nominative object construction, the nominative object has nominative Case by Agree, whereas the regular object has accusative by Agree.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.58-64
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• 2018

The Extraposition phenomenon in English has been analyzed mainly through two approaches: a derivational approach under the Principles & Parameters framework (P&P) and a representational approach under the early Minimalist framework (MP). The first one tries to understand the phenomenon as a result of the movement of a Big Subject first to the end of a sentence which is then followed by the insertion of an expletive 'it' to the empty Subject position. On the other hand, the second one tries to understand it by way of assuming a Big Subject originally base-generated at the end of a sentence which is followed by the insertion of an expletive 'it' to the empty Subject position. The two approaches, however, are not free from theoretical defects at all: the full derivational approach was under controversy in terms of (1) the failure of the Binding Theory and (2) its inability to suggest anything about the marginal reading issue. On the while, the representational approach has been argued (1) to violate the thematic hierarchy that should be kept in D-structure, and (2) to be also unable to suggest the slightest difference in marginal reading issue as the first one. In this paper I focus mainly on analyzing the 'It'-Extraposition phenomenon in the Optimality Theory. I will show that by way of (i) some newly developed constraints such as Subj., and AHSubj. and (ii) a constraint hierarchy of Subj.>>AHSubj., the controversies of 'It-Extraposition' such as (1) the analysis of construction and (2) the very closely related issue of 'marginal reading issue' can be explained properly.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.407-444
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• 2010

So far, we morphologically considered which satirized society in the enlightenment period. For this, we first looked into the feature of expletive and then analyzed it centering around Declension. At last, we conclude this subject with argument of the creation time of from the morphological analysis result. Begining with the conclusion, I thought that the origin opinion of the creation time of is right. In priority research focusing on people who major in literature, the creation time of is about 1901 to 1907, and it coincide with the result from morphological consideration of this article. First, at the feature of expletive, the advent of '~ 할 말이면' the expression of the conditional mood helped to estimate the creation time of . Prior literature of the creation time of (around 1910), '~ 작시면' is the corresponding conditional mood expression. but in the new-style fiction around , it change to '~ 말이면' and thereafter '~ 것 갓흐면' or '~' which seems similar to present korean. I analized the record for the feature of expletive. By dividing up with merce miswrite and miswrite from ignorance, we can assume that the Scripter of is not the fictionist. At the feature of declension, the full use of the nominative case marker '-가' was recordable. '-가' had already appeared in early modern korean, but until 1883 '-ㅣ' almost replaced it. However, around period, we could know that '-ㅣ' barely used and mostly use '-가'. From this, I estimated the creation time of is at least after 1883. In conclusion, I want to suggest an opinion that 1900 is proper sectioning time when we divide history of korean to Modern and Present korean based on the discussion of this article.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.629-649
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• 2001

This paper aims to provide an account for the English anaphors under the framework of the recent development of minimalism (Chomsky 1999, 2001). I propose that the anaphor has the uninterpretable [a] feature. The Agree operation erases the [a] feature by feature match. Once the [a] is deleted, the derivation converges, providing a proper interpretation of the anaphor. When there is no matching phi-features, the [a] cannot be eliminated, inducing the derivation to crash. The Agree operation can account for not only the typical local binding cases in English but the apparent long-distance binding cases in the picture-DP and expletive constructions. Consequently, the traditional concept of the binding domain and dichotomy between local and long-distance types are abandoned in favor of the analysis under the framework of minimalism. The minimalist accounts thus maximally simplifies the binding principles, using the general operation Agree only.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.255-280
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• 2003

The present paper will argue what can be considered to be principled elements of the initial state S/sub 0/ of the Faculty of Language, which are called the Interface Condition (IC), and how far we can take the strongest minimalist thesis (SMT), which aims to offer principled explanation of language in terms of IC and the principle of efficient computation, to linguistic analysis. We will discuss implications of label-free phrase structures, required by the strong version of the Inclusiveness Condition, and possibilities of crash-free syntax, required by the condition of efficient computation. I will point out problems of Chomsky's assumption that an externally Merged expletive there is a head, which, as a probe, undergoes agreement with the goal T. I will present several advantages we obtain if we maintain A and A' distinction, and assume that wh-movement to the outer [SPEC, υ] is an A'-movement like wh-movement to [SPEC, C].

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.207-226
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• 2002

In this paper we provide an alternative explanation for there construction, by assuming that the expletive there (EXPL) has independently uninterpretable Case feature as well as u[person], not as being pied-pipied with $\varphi$-feature. If EXPL has only u[person], we could analyse incorrectly some there constructions, including an embedded infinitive clause: by Chomsky (1998, 1999) in the construction, EXPL is ‘frozen’ and cannot participate in the computation of higher. As a result, we could predict incorrectly that the derivation is crashed. But if EXPL has two uninterpretable features, u[person] and u[Case], we could predict correctly that the derivation is converged: the u[person] of EXPL is deleted under Matching/Agree with $T_{def}$; still, the undeleted u[Case] of EXPL is activating; so EXPL can be raised to [SPEC, T] to satisfy the EPP-feature of matrix T.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.161-178
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the expletives and EPP in Chomsky's(1998, 1999) Minimalism. Generalized EPP is suggested in Chomsky(1998): every functional head may have an uninterpretable selectional feature for its specifier position to be filled by a proper element. After briefly examining the properties of EPP and ${\Phi}$- features in Chomsky (1998, 1999), there-constructions are examined in terms of Agree. EPP features are satisfied by there-Merge or Move of an associate NP. Case feature is regarded as a reflex of ${\Phi}$-feature. Hence, it is suggested that there is a pure expletive with a [person] feature. It has shown that the uninterpretable [person] feature of there is not erased by the nonfinite T($T_{def}$) in terms of Agree in the Raising and ECM constructions. Again the uninterpretable [person] feature of there Agrees with finite T and moves to SPEC-T to satisfy the EPP feature, and finally the uninterpretable [person] feature of there is erased. PRT(=-en) is also regarded as a defective probe with a [number] feature and a [gender] feature.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.219-228
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• 2011

Main concern will be put at suggesting an alternative idea about the basic notion of the Extended Projection Principle (henceforth, ECP) which has been slightly changed since the initial appearance of the EPP. The EPP had been dependent on Case and theta-role under the era of the early generative grammar, whereas it was reduced only to the categorial feature [D] under the minimalism. Various data such as Locative Inversion constructions, there-expletive constructions, and sentences related to binding theory will be dealt with to suggest an plausible alternative idea. As a conclusion, it will be attested that the SPEC position of the inflectional clause should be filled with a maximally projected lexical item. This conclusion will be reached by analyzing lots of linguistic data.

• Language and Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-52
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• 2014

This paper proposes a unified structural account of some instances of the English Modals and Semi-auxiliaries. The classification and the syntactic/structural description of the English Modal auxiliary verbs and verb-related elements have long been the center for many proposals in the history of generative syntax. According to van Gelderen (1993) and Lightfoot (2002), it was sometime around 1380 that the Tense-node (T) appeared in the phrasal structures of the English language, and the T-node is under which the English Modal auxiliaries occupy. Closely related is the existing evidence that English Modals were used as main verbs up to the early sixteenth century (Lightfoot 1991, Han 2000). This paper argues for a bi-clausal approach to English Modal auxiliaries with the infinitival particle 'to' such as 'ought to' 'used to' and 'dare (to)' 'need (to)', etc. and Semi-auxiliaries including 'be to' and 'have to'. More specifically, 'ought' in 'ought to' constructions, for instance, undergoes V-to-T movement within the matrix clause, just like 'HAVEAux' and all instances of 'BE', whereas 'to' occupies the T position of the embedded complement clause. By proposing the bi-clausal account, Radford's (2004, 2009) problems can be solved. Further, the historical motivation for the account takes a stance along with Norde (2009) and Brinton & Traugott (2005) in that Radford's (2004, 2009) syncretization of the two positions of the infinitival particle 'to' is no different from the 'boundary loss' in the process of Grammariticalization. This line of argument supports Krug's (2011), and in turn Bolinger's(1980) generalization on Auxiliaryhood, while providing a novel insight into Head movement of V-to-T in Present Day English.