• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2003

In this research was to analyze 3-D kinematics variables for handspring of basic motion in the heavy gymnastics in order to investigate kinematical difference between expert and novice. Therefore, the purpose of this research was provide quantitative information, systematic provision, rules, establishment of basic skill for improving skill and teaching athletes. And in the research, results were as followings. 1. In the time variables, total time was that expert took 0.745sec and novice took 0.829sec, and as duration time of each event, expert was faster than novice in the all motion event except till second event of the preparation motion. 2. In the center of body variables, vertical direction variables, the displacement of body center hight was that expert showed 61.26% and novice showed 54.48% in the third event of all motion, also all event were showed expert was higher displacement than novice except first of event in preparatory stage. 3. In the angle displacement of main joint, the right direction was that expert showed 154.12degree and novice showed 174.85degree and the left direction was that expert showed 159.29degree and novice showed 171.46degree In the second event of main joint curved point at the same time hand was reached floor. In the angle displacement of knee joint in the third event of all motion, expert showed 155.25degree and novice showed 154.00degree In right, and expert showed 155.24degree and novice showed 154.55degree in left. In this result, both were same motion type. In the angle displacement of hip joint in the third event of the all motion, expert showed 142.80degree and novice showed 134.17degree in right, and expert showed 140.28degree and novice showed 144.94degree in left. In this result, motion pattern of expert was same both sides, but novice was different. According to the results, to increase efficiency of motion and aesthetic effect in the all motion, it should stretch displacement and height of body center and make similarly angle of right and left joint.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.291-310
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for Chinese high school mathematics teachers use new textbooks based on the work of Remillard (1999) and Chau (2014). Based on this framework, a multiple case approach was used to investigate how two high school mathematics teachers from Shanghai use new textbooks. The results suggest that in the curriculum mapping arena, both the novice teacher and the expert teacher often planned to appropriate the unit content, and sometimes planned to add supplemental content. When organizing the unit content, novice teacher always planned to follow the new textbook in sequence, while expert teacher often would follow the new textbook in sequence, but sometimes planned to rearrange the unit content. In the design arena, both the novice teacher and the expert teacher tended to appropriate the introduced tasks and definitions. The novice teacher often planned to appropriate the example problems and exercise problems, while the expert teacher often intended to flexibly use the example problems and exercise problems. In the construction arena, the novice teacher seldom adjusted the planned tasks; in contrast, the expert teacher adjusted the planned tasks more frequently. In the reflection arena, the novice teacher often thought she should improve the mathematics tasks, while the expert teacher almost always thought he needed to improve the mathematics tasks. The framework shown in this paper provides a tool to investigate how mathematics teachers use textbooks.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2008

In this research, we observed the co-works among novice and expert science teachers who were involved in a science teacher association and explored their interactions. The science teacher association is K-12 science teachers' gathering near Seoul. This study is a case study with the participant observation and the private interview of 8 novice teachers and 3 expert teachers. Based on the collected data, interaction between novice and expert teachers was categorized as seven types; question and answer, demonstration, presentation, co-working, providing materials, listening, and showing interest. Several factors supporting such an active interaction were derived from this study; 1) Teachers perceived well about the importance and the merits of co-working with other science teachers. 2) The open and cooperative environment of the science teacher association supported teachers' interaction. 3) There were tasks that teachers needed to co-work such as the science fair and the science camp. 4) There were opportunities of interactions for publishing books and developing modules. 5) Lots of expert teachers were willing to help and co-work with novice teachers. We found that novice teachers could continue to grow in terms of the professional development under interactive, continuing and cooperative environment with expert teachers.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

The effectiveness of mathematics classroom teaching is directly affected by the teaching language. Comparing the teaching language of a novice teacher in algebra instruction with an expert teacher from the perspective of pragmatics, it comes to a conclusion that: both teachers attach great importance to the use of the teaching language, with the proportion of the teaching language time more than 50%; the novice teacher uses the affirmative language frequently, twice as often as the expert teacher; the declarative language the novice teacher uses in the exploration is mostly to repeat students' answer, which takes up a short time; the novice teacher uses the teaching language too much in the consolidation, which causes fewer opportunities for students to think. Then we get the following revelations: streamline the teaching language and control the time of the teaching language reasonably; make good use of the affirmative language to provide students hints and necessary time for thinking; avoid simple restatement of the student's answer and use the declarative language ingeniously to improve the feedback quality; use the teaching language appropriately to help students accumulate basic experience in mathematics activities.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2010

This study investigated how air traffic controllers (ATCs) perceive the visual information on radar screen and examined quantitative and qualitative differences as a function of expertise. Little research has shown that how much information is processed by ATC visually and perceptually, how ATCs represent the information, and what difference exists between experts and novices. Participants were asked to draw representing visual information on the blank sector map after a 5-second exposure. Data were analyzed by a superimposing method to identify correctly represented information. Results showed that the expert group had much larger size of chunking and their pattern was wider and more accurate than the novice group. The practical application and methodological implications are also discussed for further research.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2007

This research examined how pilots perceive risks when faced with emergency flight situations. We had 116 commercial airline pilots evaluate riskiness of 39 non-routine flight situations. The pilots' risk perception was analyzed as a function of their position (captain vs. first officer), expertise (expert vs. novice), and military flight experience (with vs. without military experience). Results showed that captains evaluated potential-risk situations and low-risk situations more dangerous than first officers. However, there were no differences between experts and novices, and between pilots having military flight experience and pilots not having military flight experience in risk perception. The analysis of multi-dimensional scaling revealed that the pilots used controllability as a key dimension for evaluating riskiness, though the other dimensions they used varied with their position, expertise, and military flight experience.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.181-182
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• 2013

본 연구는 전통적인 방식과 디지털방식을 이용할 때 컬러링 프로세스에서 초보 디자이너와 전문 디자이너 간에 전략적인 측면에서 어떠한 차이가 나는지를 비교하여 그들의 행동을 깊이 있게 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 그래픽 디자인에서 메인 프로세스에 해당하는 디자인 과정에서 서로 다른 의사소통 채널을 이용해서 탐색적인 프로토콜 연구를 실시한다. 그래서 각 디자이너들이 그들의 스킬을 활용하여 컬러링 프로세스 과제를 어떻게 수행하는 지를 관찰하고 그래픽 결과물, 구두조서를 토대로 분석을 실시한다. 본 결과물은 디자인 교육과정을 개선하는데 큰 영향을 미칠 것이며 실제 디자인 과정의 본질을 파악한다면 디자인교육과정의 개선을 위한 지침을 제공 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.275-276
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• 2021

In the construction industry, many of the inspection activities have been conducted by experts' eyes. The inspection performance of this kind of method is highly influenced by experience and knowledge of the expert. The experts who have fluent experience may show better inspection performance than the novice. The problem is the deficiency of experts in the near future due to the acceleration of retirement of the aging expert. Eye-tracking technology can be a solution to effectively educate the novice through transferring the knowledge of an expert and to advance the inspection activities using experts' eyes. This study, as an initial step to suggest the solution, (1) figured out the state of the art of eye-tracking technology, (2) reviewed the previous research to improve the inspection in construction using experts' eye, (3) explored the potential of the application area of eye-tracking technology, and (4) established the framework to develop the advanced inspection method in two application area which are construction site safety management and infrastructure performance measurement.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

기존의 전문성 연구들은 참가자들에게 일상적인 과제를 수행하게 함으로써 전문가와 초보자들의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 하지만, 본 연구는 일상적 비행 상황에 익숙해진 조종사들이 이전에 경험해보지 못한 새로운 비행 상황에서도 유연하게 대처할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 즉, 조종사의 숙련정도에 따라 정상적 및 비정상적 상황에서의 상황인식 능력이 차이가 나는지 관찰하였고 추가적으로, 전문성이 자극 제시 시간에 따른 수행변화에 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 42명의 조종사들을 전문성의 정도에 따라 초보자와 전문가 집단으로 나누고 이들의 수행이 상황의 특수성 및 자극 제시 시간에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보았다. 연구를 위하여 조종실 계기판을 모방한 동영상이 제작되었는데, 동영상에 보여지는 계기판들이 모두 정상으로 움직이는 정상적 상황과 이들 중 하나의 계기가 오작동을 일으키는 비정상 상황이 연출되었다. 또한 상황을 지각하기 위한 시간의 차이가 전문성에 따라 다른 효과를 가져오는지 살펴보기 위해서 계기판 상황이 오랫동안 제시되는 긴 제시 조건과 상대적으로 짧게 제시되는 조건으로 조작되었다. 실험 결과, 정상적인 상황에서는 초보자와 전문가 집단 사이의 상황 인식이 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 비정상적인 상황에서는 전문가 집단의 상황인식이 초보자 집단보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 비행 상황의 제시 시간이 짧아졌을 때 조종사들의 전반적인 상황인식 정확도가 떨어졌지만, 전문가와 초보자의 수행차이는 변함없이 초보자 집단에 비해 전문가 집단의 높은 수행이 유지되었다. 비행 상황의 특수성과 제시 시간의 상호작용에 따라 초보자와 전문가의 상황인식은 어떻게 달라지는지 보았을 때, 비행 상황의 제시 시간이 길고 짧음에 관계없이 정상적 상황에서는 초보자와 전문가 집단의 상황인식 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 비정상적 상황에서는 전문가 집단의 상황인식 정확도가 초보자 집단 보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 볼 때, 비정상적 상황은 전문가 집단의 수행에 미치는 영향에는 큰 영향을 미치니 못하나 초보자 집단의 수행에는 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.573-594
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• 2017

본 연구는 초심 수퍼바이저의 수퍼비전 교육 필요성에 대해 알아보고자 한국상담심리학회의 상담심리사 1급 자격을 취득한 5년 미만의 수퍼바이저 8명을 인터뷰하였다. 합의적 질적 연구(CQR)를 통하여 의미를 도출한 결과 '수퍼바이저로서 갖는 역할기대'와 '수퍼비전 교육받은 경험', '수퍼비전 실시과정에서 수퍼바이저로서 느끼는 경험', '수퍼바이저로서 성장을 위해 필요한 것'으로 총 4개의 영역과 12개의 하위영역, 33개의 범주로 최종 구성되었다. 첫째, 초심수퍼바이저들은, 대가들의 모습을 따뜻하고 사례에 대한 깊은 이해가 있다고 보았고, 자신이 생각하는 수퍼바이저의 역할은 사례이해능력과 방향을 제시하는 것으로 대답하였다. 둘째, 초심 수퍼바이저들은 자신의 수퍼바이저나 대가들을 모델링하는 것으로 나타났고, 수퍼비전 교육의 필요성과 참여의사는 높았으나, 실제로 수퍼비전 교육을 받은 경험은 많지 않았다. 셋째, 전문가로서의 중요성을 인식하여 꼼꼼하게 공부하고 준비를 하지만, 수퍼바이지에게 전달하는 것에 대해 어려움을 느끼고 있으며, 이를 동료 수퍼비전이나 전문가에게 자문구하는 방법으로 해결하고 있었고, 여전히 스스로가 부족하다고 생각하고 있었다. 넷째, 수퍼바이저로서 성장하기 위해서는 자기 돌봄이 필요하고, 수퍼비전에 대한 교육과 수퍼비전의 가이드 및 매뉴얼이 필요함을 지적하였다. 마지막으로 연구에 대한 제언과 제한점을 제시하였다.