• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2003

In this research was to analyze 3-D kinematics variables for handspring of basic motion in the heavy gymnastics in order to investigate kinematical difference between expert and novice. Therefore, the purpose of this research was provide quantitative information, systematic provision, rules, establishment of basic skill for improving skill and teaching athletes. And in the research, results were as followings. 1. In the time variables, total time was that expert took 0.745sec and novice took 0.829sec, and as duration time of each event, expert was faster than novice in the all motion event except till second event of the preparation motion. 2. In the center of body variables, vertical direction variables, the displacement of body center hight was that expert showed 61.26% and novice showed 54.48% in the third event of all motion, also all event were showed expert was higher displacement than novice except first of event in preparatory stage. 3. In the angle displacement of main joint, the right direction was that expert showed 154.12degree and novice showed 174.85degree and the left direction was that expert showed 159.29degree and novice showed 171.46degree In the second event of main joint curved point at the same time hand was reached floor. In the angle displacement of knee joint in the third event of all motion, expert showed 155.25degree and novice showed 154.00degree In right, and expert showed 155.24degree and novice showed 154.55degree in left. In this result, both were same motion type. In the angle displacement of hip joint in the third event of the all motion, expert showed 142.80degree and novice showed 134.17degree in right, and expert showed 140.28degree and novice showed 144.94degree in left. In this result, motion pattern of expert was same both sides, but novice was different. According to the results, to increase efficiency of motion and aesthetic effect in the all motion, it should stretch displacement and height of body center and make similarly angle of right and left joint.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.291-310
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for Chinese high school mathematics teachers use new textbooks based on the work of Remillard (1999) and Chau (2014). Based on this framework, a multiple case approach was used to investigate how two high school mathematics teachers from Shanghai use new textbooks. The results suggest that in the curriculum mapping arena, both the novice teacher and the expert teacher often planned to appropriate the unit content, and sometimes planned to add supplemental content. When organizing the unit content, novice teacher always planned to follow the new textbook in sequence, while expert teacher often would follow the new textbook in sequence, but sometimes planned to rearrange the unit content. In the design arena, both the novice teacher and the expert teacher tended to appropriate the introduced tasks and definitions. The novice teacher often planned to appropriate the example problems and exercise problems, while the expert teacher often intended to flexibly use the example problems and exercise problems. In the construction arena, the novice teacher seldom adjusted the planned tasks; in contrast, the expert teacher adjusted the planned tasks more frequently. In the reflection arena, the novice teacher often thought she should improve the mathematics tasks, while the expert teacher almost always thought he needed to improve the mathematics tasks. The framework shown in this paper provides a tool to investigate how mathematics teachers use textbooks.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2008

In this research, we observed the co-works among novice and expert science teachers who were involved in a science teacher association and explored their interactions. The science teacher association is K-12 science teachers' gathering near Seoul. This study is a case study with the participant observation and the private interview of 8 novice teachers and 3 expert teachers. Based on the collected data, interaction between novice and expert teachers was categorized as seven types; question and answer, demonstration, presentation, co-working, providing materials, listening, and showing interest. Several factors supporting such an active interaction were derived from this study; 1) Teachers perceived well about the importance and the merits of co-working with other science teachers. 2) The open and cooperative environment of the science teacher association supported teachers' interaction. 3) There were tasks that teachers needed to co-work such as the science fair and the science camp. 4) There were opportunities of interactions for publishing books and developing modules. 5) Lots of expert teachers were willing to help and co-work with novice teachers. We found that novice teachers could continue to grow in terms of the professional development under interactive, continuing and cooperative environment with expert teachers.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

The effectiveness of mathematics classroom teaching is directly affected by the teaching language. Comparing the teaching language of a novice teacher in algebra instruction with an expert teacher from the perspective of pragmatics, it comes to a conclusion that: both teachers attach great importance to the use of the teaching language, with the proportion of the teaching language time more than 50%; the novice teacher uses the affirmative language frequently, twice as often as the expert teacher; the declarative language the novice teacher uses in the exploration is mostly to repeat students' answer, which takes up a short time; the novice teacher uses the teaching language too much in the consolidation, which causes fewer opportunities for students to think. Then we get the following revelations: streamline the teaching language and control the time of the teaching language reasonably; make good use of the affirmative language to provide students hints and necessary time for thinking; avoid simple restatement of the student's answer and use the declarative language ingeniously to improve the feedback quality; use the teaching language appropriately to help students accumulate basic experience in mathematics activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2010

This study investigated how air traffic controllers (ATCs) perceive the visual information on radar screen and examined quantitative and qualitative differences as a function of expertise. Little research has shown that how much information is processed by ATC visually and perceptually, how ATCs represent the information, and what difference exists between experts and novices. Participants were asked to draw representing visual information on the blank sector map after a 5-second exposure. Data were analyzed by a superimposing method to identify correctly represented information. Results showed that the expert group had much larger size of chunking and their pattern was wider and more accurate than the novice group. The practical application and methodological implications are also discussed for further research.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.46-56
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• 2007

This research examined how pilots perceive risks when faced with emergency flight situations. We had 116 commercial airline pilots evaluate riskiness of 39 non-routine flight situations. The pilots' risk perception was analyzed as a function of their position (captain vs. first officer), expertise (expert vs. novice), and military flight experience (with vs. without military experience). Results showed that captains evaluated potential-risk situations and low-risk situations more dangerous than first officers. However, there were no differences between experts and novices, and between pilots having military flight experience and pilots not having military flight experience in risk perception. The analysis of multi-dimensional scaling revealed that the pilots used controllability as a key dimension for evaluating riskiness, though the other dimensions they used varied with their position, expertise, and military flight experience.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.181-182
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to gain a more in depth understanding of human behavior by comparing synthesis strategies of novice and expert graphic designers for coloring process using analogue and digital tools, with some practical test/examples. In this paper, we present an exploratory protocol study on the use of different communication channels during main process of Graphic Design. We focus on how individual designers use their design skills to complete the coloring process task, and analyze their use of graphical, coloring and verbal communications during concept generation. The implication of this study from the findings will be implemented to design curriculum. If we can find out and understand the nature of the practical design process, we can apply or adjust the result of this research as a guideline for design curriculum in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.275-276
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• 2021

In the construction industry, many of the inspection activities have been conducted by experts' eyes. The inspection performance of this kind of method is highly influenced by experience and knowledge of the expert. The experts who have fluent experience may show better inspection performance than the novice. The problem is the deficiency of experts in the near future due to the acceleration of retirement of the aging expert. Eye-tracking technology can be a solution to effectively educate the novice through transferring the knowledge of an expert and to advance the inspection activities using experts' eyes. This study, as an initial step to suggest the solution, (1) figured out the state of the art of eye-tracking technology, (2) reviewed the previous research to improve the inspection in construction using experts' eye, (3) explored the potential of the application area of eye-tracking technology, and (4) established the framework to develop the advanced inspection method in two application area which are construction site safety management and infrastructure performance measurement.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

Previous research has mainly investigated the characteristics of expertise by using typical and routine tasks. This research to overcome these limitations included non-routine task situations and observed expert and novice pilots' situation awareness (SA) performance in routine and non-routine situations. Additionally, whether the ability to aware or perceive the environmental information in limited time varies with the level of expertise was tested. To this end, $2^*2^*2$ mixed factorial design was employed, including expertise (novice/expert) as a between-subjects variable and normality of fight situation (routine/non-routine) and stimulus display time (long/short) as within-subjects variables. As results, there was no performance difference in routine situations between experts and novices, while experts significantly outperformed novices in non-routine situations. When the display time became shorter, overall SA accuracy was decreased for both experts and novices, whereas experts' performance remained significantly higher than novices in short and long conditions. When we examined the interaction between the normality of fight situation and stimulus display time, there was no difference between experts and novices in routine situations for both short and long conditions. In non-routine situations, however, experts' SA accuracy was significantly higher than novices both in short and long conditions. Overall, non-routineness of flight situation does not have any impact on SA performance of experts, while it has a critical impact on SA performance of novices.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.573-594
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• 2017

The present study interviewed Eight novice supervisors (i.e., counselling psychologists with fewer than 5 years of experience) to investigate the need for formal supervision training. A consensual qualitative research method was used to analyze data, and the result found four main domains, 12 sub-domains, and 33 categories. The results also indicated that novice supervisors believe their own supervisors and expert supervisors have a great understanding of individual counselling cases, and that the role of a supervisor is to help supervisees' ability to understand each case better. Novice supervisors generally take their own supervisors as their role models, although most of them did not receive formal training from their own supervisors. Novice supervisors seek advice on supervision from their colleagues or their own supervisors but still find supervising difficult. They also believe there is a great need for clearly set guidelines or a manual on providing effective supervision.