• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 1994

The genetic variabilities of second chromosomes concealed Sasang natural and experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster have been analyzed. The experimental population was composed of D. melanognter which had the lethal-free second chromosome collected from Sasang natural population in 1982. The results were as follow; The mean frequencies of deleterious genes were estimated % be 33.33% in Sasang natural population and 31.72% in experimental population. The allelism rates in lethal genes isolated from the natural and experimental populations were calculated to be about 0.95% and 12.28%, respectively. The allelism rates between lethal genes isolated from the natural population and those of the experimental population were calculated to be about 0.01%. The mean values of elimination by frequencies of deleterious genes and allelism rates were 0.0011 in the natural population and 0.0124 in the experimental population. The frequencies of phenotypic sterility of males in the natural and experimental populations were estimated to be 1.49% and 1.36%, respectively. The frequencies of genotypic sterility of females and males were estimated to be 0.90% and 1.80% in the natural population, and that of males was 2.38% in the experimental population.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effects of two plant populations (28 and 14 plants per $m^2$) and two toppings in conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$) on soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pungsannamulkong) cultivated in the paddy field. The two topping time were taken at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ and 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stages in the conventional plant population. Experimental design for growth data was a randomized complete block with three replications, and samples were taken at R1 (July 31), R3 (August 19), R5 (September 2) and R7 (September 23) growth stages. The branch number of soybean was relatively higher in the low plant population (14 plants per $m^2$) and with the topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage, in the conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$), and with topping at the 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in descending order. The highest average branch length of soybean was observed in the low population and the longest branch length was observed from the soybean with topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was decreased in order of in the low population, with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, and in the conventional population. The leaf area was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in soybean. The dry weight of leaves and branches was high in the low population and with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The grain yield per 10a was high with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.252-257
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• 2003

The genetic variabilities of second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster concealed in Busan natural and experimental populations have been analyzed by the Cy//Pm method. The experimental population was composed of D. melanogaster which had the lethal-free second chromosome, collected Sasang natural population in 1982. The frequencies of deleterious genes were estimated to be 14.3∼25.4% in Busan natural population and 26.5∼27.2% in experimental population. The allelism rates in lethal genes isolated from the natural and experimental populations were calculated to be about 0.76% and 9.76∼14.17%, respectively. The value of elimination by the frequencies of deleterious genes and allelism rate was 0.0106and the effective population size estimated to be about 430 flies at the 6570 days population.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2007

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.375-385
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• 2014

This study compares the confidence interval estimation of population mean with that of population ratio, and considers whether these two estimations ensures consistency. As a result, this study suggests the following acquisition method of consistency : dealing with population mean and population ratio in the same mode, substituting the observed or experimental value of sample standard deviation for standard deviation in population in setting a confidence interval of both population mean and population ratio, and distinguishing population ratio $\hat{P}$ from its observed vale $\hat{p}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1978

The purpose of this study is to search for an efficient application method in solving delay-phenomenon problems which influence upon total production cost through case study. The method of this study is an experimental study based on cutting time data in lead cutting operations from "Lead Cutting Machine (Stripper)" and its service rate data from a large electronic products company which utilizes conveyor line system for the products "Car Stereo" The procedure of this experimental study is as follows; 1) Using loading(Man-Hour) analysis technique j,1 order to analyse and evaluate Production capacity, efficiency, operation and idle rate assembly charge, waiting and service cost -when its are controlled by stripper operator(server) 2) Establishing adequate waiting time model of finite population caused by the interference of 4 stripper machine which is drawn from mathematical statistics testing, that is, goodness of fit test in the waiting and service rate and to search for optimal solution by utilizing the above mentioned model The experimental result was that amount to 8,546,618won Per year was brought down, that is, by optimum point, it shows a decrease as compared with Present point. The major limitation of this experimental study is that the Queue in the Finite Population, so to speak. it comes from the interference of 4 stripper machine dealt with this case were limited only on the Car Stereo conveyor line. Further study of application of this application method to the areas such as material handling, personnel management marketing and transportation management is strong1y recommended.trong1y recommended.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2021

Objective: The aim was to characterize the genetic diversity evolution of the registered Mexican Charolais cattle population by pedigree analysis. Methods: Data consisted of 331,390 pedigree records of animals born from 1934 to 2018. Average complete generation equivalent, generation interval, effective population size (N_e), and effective numbers of founders (f_e), ancestors (f_a), and founder genomes (N_g) were calculated for seven five-year periods. The inbreeding coefficient was calculated per year of birth, from 1984 to 2018, whereas the gene contribution of the most influential ancestors was calculated for the latter period. Results: Average complete generation equivalent consistently increased across periods, from 4.76, for the first period (1984 through 1988), to 7.86, for the last period (2014 through 2018). The inbreeding coefficient showed a relative steadiness across the last seventeen years, oscillating from 0.0110 to 0.0145. During the last period, the average generation interval for the father-offspring pathways was nearly 1 yr. longer than that of the mother-offspring pathways. The effective population size increased steadily since 1984 (105.0) and until 2013 (237.1), but showed a minor decline from 2013 to 2018 (233.2). The population displayed an increase in the f_a since 1984 and until 2008; however, showed a small decrease during the last decade. The effective number of founder genomes increased from 1984 to 2003, but revealed loss of genetic variability during the last fifteen years (from 136.4 to 127.7). The f_a:f_e ratio suggests that the genetic diversity loss was partially caused by formation of genetic bottlenecks in the pedigree; in addition, the N_g:f_a ratio indicates loss of founder alleles due to genetic drift. The most influential ancestor explained 1.8% of the total genetic variability in the progeny born from 2014 to 2018. Conclusion: Inbreeding, N_e, f_a, and N_g are rather beyond critical levels; therefore, the current genetic status of the population is not at risk.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1974

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.12
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• pp.1680-1686
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• 1995

GAs, effective stochastic search algorithms based on the model of natural evolution and genetics, have been successfully applied to various optimization problems. When population size is not large, GAs often suffer from the phenomenon of premature convergence in which all chromosomes in the population lose the diversity of genes before they find the optimal solution. In this paper, we propose that a new heuristic that maintains the diversity of genes by adding some chromosomes with random mutation and selective mutation into population during evolution. And population size changes dynamically with supplement of new chromosomes. Experimental results for several test functions show that when population size is rather small and the length of chromosome is not long, this method is effective.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.128-138
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• 2005

Purpose: As population of elderly people continues to grow, successful aging has risen to the top of the nursing science agenda. The successful aging includes maintenance of the cognitive and physical functions, as well as emotional well-beings. This study was carried out to evaluate effects of the environmental enrichments on cognition of institutionalized elderly. Method: The population was selected among the elderly aging over 65 residing at two of institutions. A quasi experimental design was used with non-equivalent control group. Study subjects were thirteen for each group. For the experimental group, physical, social and symbolic environmental enrichment program was provided for six weeks. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and repeated measure ANCOVA using SPSS Win 11.0. Result: Compared to control group, the experimental group showed a significant difference on DSF(F=3.29, p=.046), and TMTA(F=4.76, p=.013) of cognitive function, and depression (F=5.56, p=.007) of emotional distress after 1 and 12 weeks of environmental enrichment program. Conclusion: Findings indicate that physical, social, and symbolic environmental enrichment was effective to partially prevent from cognitive decline, and to decrease emotional distress of elderly. As a nursing intervention, environmental enrichment program for elderly should be expanded for nursing practice to promote healthy aging and to offer support to the growing population of elderly. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effect on the community elderly.