• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.713-735
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the characteristics of maternal social networks on maternal expectation for their own children to examine the path that social networks had an effect on the self-esteem and the emotional intelligence of children through maternal expectation for their own children. The data used in this study were collected from 524 fourth to sixth graders and their mothers residing in Daejeon using structured questionnaire. The major findings of the study were as follows : (1) Among social network characteristics, proportion of friends and neighbors, proximity, direction and interference had a negative effect, and proportion of mothers of child's friends, frequency of contact, intimacy, emotional support, service support had a positive effect on maternal expectation for their own children. (2) Among social network characteristics, proportion of mothers of child's friends had a direct effect and proportion of friends, neighbors, and mothers of child's friends, proximity, frequency of contact, intimacy, direction, emotional support, service support, and interference had an indirect effect on children's emotional intelligence through maternal expectation for their own children. (3) Among social network characteristics, proportion of kin and mothers of child's friends, intimacy, service support, material support and interference had a direct effect, and proportion of neighbors and mothers of child's friends, proximity, frequency of contact, direction, service support had an indirect effect on children's emotional intelligence through maternal expectation for their own children.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1976-1997
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• 2016

This paper investigates the problem of co-tier interference mitigation for dynamic small- cell networks, in which the load of each small-cell varies with the number of active associated small-cell users (SUs). Due to the fact that most small-cell base stations (SBSs) are deployed in an ad-hoc manner, the problem of reducing co-tier interference caused by dynamic loads in a distributed fashion is quite challenging. First, we propose a new distributed channel allocation method for small-cells with dynamic loads and define a dynamic interference graph. Based on this approach, we formulate the problem as a dynamic interference graph game and prove that the game is a potential game and has at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium (NE) point. Moreover, we show that the best pure strategy NE point minimizes the expectation of the aggregate dynamic co-tier interference in the small-cell network. A distributed dynamic learning algorithm is then designed to achieve NE of the game, in which each SBS is unaware of the probability distributions of its own and other SBSs' dynamic loads. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can mitigate dynamic co-tier interference effectively and significantly outperform random channel selection.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.647-655
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• 1996

본 연구는 휴양지에서 휴양객들이 갖는 기대, 규범, 휴양동기가 상충인지에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 가에 대하여 조사하였다. 연구 데이터는 1994년 8월중에 설문조사를 통하여 지리산국립공원 내에 위치한 제2야영장에서 수집되었다. 배포된 총 280 설문중 253(90.4%)부가 본 연구에 유효하게 이용되었다. 응답자의 약 82%가 다른 야영객들이 밤늦게 부르는 노래소리에 의해 상충감을 느낀 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 상충인지는 휴양객의 기대, 규범과 휴양동기가 다른 사람들의 상충되는 행동에 의해 방해될 때 발생되며 이러한 사실은 기존의 이론에 부합되는 것이다. 관련변수를 이용한 다중회귀분석에서 고독/자연과의 접촉을 위한 휴양동기는 규범충돌인자나 기대충돌인자보다 상충인지에 대한 설명력이 높음이 확인되었다. 하지만 각 변수의 상층인지를 설명하는 능력은 휴양동기의 종류, 규범, 기대, 그리고 상충언지를 측정하는 방법에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 이와 같은 결과를 휴양자원의 관리적 관점에서 토의했다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.471-480
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• 2012

Reliable detection of primary user activity increases the opportunity to access temporarily unused bands and prevents harmful interference to the primary system. By extracting a global decision from local sensing results, cooperative sensing achieves high reliability against multipath fading. For the effective combining of sensing results, which is generalized by a likelihood ratio test, the fusion center should learn some parameters, such as the probabilities of primary transmission, false alarm, and detection at the local sensors. During the training period in supervised learning, the on/off log of primary transmission serves as the output label of decision statistics from the local sensor. In this paper, we extend unsupervised learning techniques with an expectation maximization algorithm for cooperative spectrum sensing, which does not require an external primary transmission log. Local sensors report binary hard decisions to the fusion center and adjust their operating points to enhance learning performance. Increasing the number of sensors, the joint-expectation step makes a confident classification on the primary transmission as in the supervised learning. Thereby, the proposed scheme provides accurate parameter estimates and a fast convergence rate even in low signal-to-noise ratio regimes, where the primary signal is dominated by the noise at the local sensors.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2010

환자가 진료실에 들어설 때 어떤 기대와 목표를 가지고 있는 지 파악하여 치료에 적절히 반영한다면 환자의 치료만족도를 향상시키고 보다 나은 치료효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 TMD 환자의 첫 내원 시 면담과 치료에 대한 기대감을 조사하고, 이러한 내원 목표가 과거치료의 유무나 통증 정도 및 통증으로 인한 일상생활의 제한 정도 같은 요소들에 따라 달라지는지를 조사하고자 하였다. 지난 3개월(2010년 8월부터 11월) 동안 단국대학교 치과대학 부속병원 구강내과에 내원하여 TMD로 진단된 18세 이상의 성인 환자를 대상으로 담당의사와의 첫 면담 전 대기실에서 환자기대조사 설문지와 간이통증목록(Brief Pain Inventory, BPI)을 작성하게 하여 분석하였다. 322명의 TMD 환자들의 남녀 비는 1:1.5 이었고 평균연령은 약 36세이었다. 본 연구 결과 TMD 환자들이 병원을 찾을 때 가장 중요한 Top 3의 기대목표는, '통증이 완전히 나았으면 좋겠다(cure of pain)', '왜 아픈지 이유를 알고 싶다(understanding)', '자신의 증상에 대해서 의사와 충분히 상의하고 싶다(doctor-patient communication)'로 조사되었다. 성별이나 병력기간, 과거치료 경험에 따른 환자 내원 목표의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. TMD를 세분하였을 때, 근육장애, 특히 복합(관절-근육)장애 환자군에서 통증조절을 가장 중요하게 생각하는 비율이 상대적으로 높았고, 자신이 아픈 이유를 알고자 기대가 큰 반면, 관절장애군은 의사소통과 검사에 대한 기대가 상대적으로 더 컸다(p<0.005). 또한 통증과 통증으로 인한 일상생활 제한이 심할수록 통증조절을 가장 중요하게 생각하는 환자의 비율이 증가하였으며, 통증 강도가 낮은 환자들의 경우 의사-환자간 communication에 대한 기대가 상대적으로 컸다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과로 볼 때 TMD 환자의 치료에서 효과적인 통증조절은 가장 우선되어야 할 치료목표이지만, 질병의 원인과 기전에 대한 충분한 설명과 진단과 치료에 대한 의사-환자 간의 충분한 의사소통을 통하여 환자의 진료 만족도를 더욱 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 질병에 대한 환자이해를 돕고 의사소통을 충분히 하기 위해 환자중심의 상담과 자료의 적극적인 활용이 필요하겠다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2015

This study investigated the influence of perceived parenting style on the sense of community of middle-class adolescents and if adolescent' life satisfaction has a mediating effect on the relationship between perceived parenting style and sense of community. The study population consisted of a nationally representative sample of elementary and middle school students who completed the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey of the National Youth Policy Institute in 2010. Among the 4,729 participants of the data, 2,876 were eligible for research focused on the middle class. Descriptive statistics included frequency, average, and standard deviation; in addition, reliability and stepwise regression results were reported using SPSS statistics. The results were as follows. First, the sense of community was 2.86 out of 4-point Likert scale. Monitoring (3.28) was the highest among the perceived parenting styles followed by affection (3.17), reasoning (3.01), over-expectation (2.57), over-interference, and inconsistency (2.40). Second, among subcategories of perceived parenting style, affection, reasoning, monitoring, and over-expectation had a statistically significant influence on sense of community. A higher perceived parenting style had a higher sense of community of middle-class children. Third, the life satisfaction of children had a statistically significant moderating effect on relationship between perceived parenting style and sense of community; therefore, the influence of perceived parenting style on sense of community could change according to life satisfaction.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.369-386
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine which aspects of coresident intergenerational relationships were associated with the life satisfaction of unmarried children in established adulthood and of their parents. In this study, the coresident relationship characteristics included support exchange, emotion, interference-conflict, and perceptions of coresidence. Data were collected from (a) 250 never-married adults who were 35+ years old and lived in Seoul with at least one parent aged 75 years or younger and (b) 250 older adults who were 75 years old or younger and had at least one unmarried child aged 35+ years living in the same household. Our multiple regression analysis of unmarried children showed that the adult child's financial support, the adult child's psychological reliance on parents, the parent's psychological reliance on the child, and relationship quality were significantly related to higher levels of life satisfaction. In contrast, the parent's daily interference, daily conflicts, and anticipation of future care of parents were related to lower levels of life satisfaction. Second, the characteristics that were positively associated with the parent's life satisfaction were the parent's instrumental support, relationship quality, the coresident child's daily interference, positive perceptions of intergenerational coresidence, and expectation of future care of parents. In contrast, the parent's financial support, daily conflicts with the child, and taking intergenerational coresidence for granted were negatively related to the parent's life satisfaction. This study advances our understanding of coresidence between unmarried children in established adulthood and their older parents by focusing on the multiple aspects of intergenerational coresidence.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.153-167
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• 1985

This paper is aimed at comparing the attitudes of parents and the psycho-sociogenic aspects of the children of Korean and Japan. The data for the analysis were derived from questionnaires administered to the 4th, 5th, and 6th-grade children in Korean and Japan. The questionnaires were designed to survey children's perception of their parents'child-rearing and the psycho-sociogenic aspects of the children's personality in Korea and Japan. The child-parent relationships identified by the children were measured by the items indicating the degree and the extent to which they felt their parents' dissatisfaction, complaints, strictness, expectation, interference, worry, indulgence, blind obedience, contradiction and disagreement. The psycho-sociogenic aspects of the children's personalities were measured by the items indicating the degree and extent of how they felt about their own sociablility, independence, aggressiveness, extent of how they felt about their own sociability, independencem aggressiveness, participation in groups. Spontaneity, self-control and public spirit.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2009

433Mhz에서 단일 채널을 사용하는 ISO 18000-7 능동형 RFID 표준은 낮은 전송 속도, 단일채널에 따른 간섭 문제 등으로 최근의 응용 요구를 충족시키는데 어려움이 있다. 2.4Ghz 대역에서 다수 채널을 사용하는 새로운 능동형 RFID 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 하나의 리더에 여러 개의 인터페이스를 장착하여 성능을 개선하는 방안이 특징이다. 그런데 다수의 인터페이스를 장착하여도 대부분의 태그들이 특정 인터페이스로 몰린다면 기대하는 성능 개선이 어렵다. 이를 극복하기 위해 인터페이스간 부하 배를 고려한 능동형 RFID 프로토콜이 필요하다. 우리는 단순결합, LP-조합, AP-균형이라는 세 가지 프로토콜을 제안하고 비교, 분석하였다. 태그의 수, 인터페이스 수, 태그의 부가 정보의 양 등을 변화시키면서 수행한 다양한 성능 평가 결과 AP-균형이 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. AP-균형은 인터페이스 수에 거의 선형적으로 비례하여 성능이 증가하며 기대를 충족하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권11A호
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• pp.1154-1163
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• 2007

OFDM 시스템은 채널 충격 응답보다 긴 길이의 주기적 프리픽스를 사용해야 하므로 주파수 효율이 감소된다. 주기적 프리픽스 사용에 따른 주파수 효율 감소를 막기 위하여 잔재 ISI 제거 기법이 최근에 개발되었다. 본 논문에서는 잔재 ISI 제거 기법을 불충분한 주기적 프리픽스를 갖는 시공간 블록 부호 (STBC) OFDM과 주파수 공간 블록 부호 (SFBC) OFDM 시스템에 적용한다. SFBC OFDM과 달리, STBC OFDM에서는 잔재 ISI 제거 기법의 주기성 복원 과정 뿐만 아니라 꼬리 제거 과정도 반복되어야 함을 확인할 수 있다. 또한, 불충분한 주기적 프리픽스를 사용하는 STBC OFDM 시스템에서의 잔재 ISI 제거 기법을 위한 채널 추정 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 채널 추정 방법은 EM 알고리즘을 이용한 반복적 추정을 특징으로 하고, 잔재 ISI가 제거된 신호를 통해 얻어지는 채널 디코더의 외부 확률 값을 활용한다. 제안된 방법의 성능은 다중 경로 페이딩 환경에서 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인한다.