• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

Background: To evaluate the effect of thoracic mobility exercise and deep breathing exercise applied to stroke patients on pulmonary function. Methods: The subjects were divided into two group. Twenty-five patients with stroke were randomly assigned to DB (deep breathing exercise) group (n=13) and TM (combination of deep breathing exercise and thoracic mobility exercise) group (n=12). During four weeks, DB group were carried out deep breathing exercises for 5~10 minutes twice a day and TM Group were carried out deep breathing exercises for 5~10 minutes and thoracic mobility exercise for 20~30 minutes twice a day. All tests were completed before and after experiment. The pulmonary functions were measured by PowerBreathe K5 (Hab International Ltd, England) and tape measure respectively. For each case, the experimental data were obtained in 4 items; average of inspiratory load, inspiratory flow speed, inspiratory flow volume and chest expansion. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 1. In DB group, the statistically significants were shown on average of inspiratory flow speed, inspiratory flow volume and chest expansion (p<.05). 2. In TM group, the statistically significants were shown on all items (p<.05). 3. There was a statistically significant difference on all items between DB group and TM group (p<.05). Conclusions: The above results revealed that DB and TM group can be used to improve pulmonary function in stroke patients. In comparison of DB and TM group, TM group was more improved. In conclude, thoracic mobility exercise helped improving function of vital capacity and chest expansion in stroke patients.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2008

최근 교통 물류 분야에서도 유비쿼터스 환경의 정보수집체계 및 이를 응용한 서비스 개발의 필요성이 매년 높아지고 있다. 프로브 차량과 무선통신기술을 활용한 교통정보 수집체계는 그 대표적인 사례로 차량의 기종점 자료를 이용하여 시간대별 OD를 산정하는 것이 가능하다. 그러나 프로브 차량 정보를 활용하여 산정된 OD는 시간적 공간적으로 변동되는 표본OD이기 때문에 이를 정적OD로 전환하기 위해서는 수집정보를 집적하여 적정 표본율을 산정하고, 표본OD를 전수화하는 과정이 필요하다. 본 연구는 제주시를 대상으로 수집된 실제 데이터를 표본OD 산정 및 전수화 알고리즘에 적용하여 표본OD를 산정하고 이를 전수화하였다. 각 링크별 관측교통량과 배분교통량과의 오차를 비교 검토한 결과 링크별 관측교통량 과 배분교통량의 평균 오차율은 22.9%, 상 하위 10%의 이상 자료를 제거한 후의 평균 오차율은 17.6%로 각각 나타났다. 본 연구는 기존OD가 존재하지 않는 지역에서 프로브 차량의 경로정보를 활용하여 정적OD를 산정하였다는 점과 적정 오차율 내 수렴을 위한 적정 표본율을 제시하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2018

Intraoperative expansion has been used to cover small to large defects without disadvantages of the conventional tissue expanders. Various materials, for example, expanders and Foley catheters are being used. We introduce a new, convenient and economical device immediately available in the operating room, according to the defect size for intraoperative expansion, with latex gloves or balloons. The retrospective study was done with 20 patients who presented with skin and soft tissue defects. During the operation, expansion was done with latex gloves or balloons inflated with saline through an intravenous line and a three-way stopcock. After the inflation, the glove was removed and skin was covered with expanded tissue. A careful decision was made regarding the inflation volume and placement of the expander according to the defect size. There were no postoperative complications. The skin contracture and tension was minimal with a texture similar to the adjacent tissue. The new intraoperative expansion devices with latex gloves and balloons were cheap and made easily right in the operation room. The reconstruction of small to large sized skin defects can be done successfully, functionally and aesthetically without using expensive commercial materials.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

The structural changes of $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ cathode material for lithium ion battery during the first charge was investigated in comparison with $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$ using a synchrotron based in situ X-ray diffraction technique. The structural changes of these two cathode materials show similar trend during first charge: an expansion along the c-axis of the unit cell with contractions along the a- and b-axis during the early stage of charge and a major contraction along the c-axis with slight expansions along the a- and b-axis near the end of charge at high voltage limit. In $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ cathode, however, the initial unit cell volume of H2 phase is bigger than that of H1 phase since the c-axis undergo large expansion while a- and b- axis shrink slightly. The change in the unit cell volume for $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ during charge is smaller than that of $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$. This smaller change in unit cell volume may give the $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ cathode material a better structural reversibility for a long cycling life.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the quality characteristics of Jeung-Pyun with the addition of red ginseng (0, 3, 5, $7\%$) which influences the prevention of atherosclerosis and the decrease of blood glucose levels. The quality characteristics of the sample were estimated in terms of general composition, color difference, volume, expansion, texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation. The water and lipid contents did not show any significant difference among the groups. In the groups with added red ginseng, protein and ash contents, and a and b values were significantly increased while L value (lightness) was significantly decreased (p<0.05). The height of the groups with added red ginseng was significant higher than that of the control group(p<0.05). The value of volume and specific volume were the highest in the group with $3\%$ added red ginseng. The degree of expansion was significantly decreased in the groups with $5\%\;and\;1\%$ added red ginseng (p<0.05). In texture profile analysis, cohesiveness was significantly increased in the groups with $7\%$ added red ginseng (p<0.05). According to sensory evaluation, surface color was a thick color in the groups with added red ginseng but flavor did not differ Taste was very good in the groups with $3\%$ added red ginseng and a bitter taste was very strong in the groups with $5\%\;and\;7\%$ added red ginseng. Appearance and overall quality were highest in the groups with $3\%\;and\;5\%$ added red ginseng (p<0.05). Therefore, Jeung-pyun containing $3\%\;or\;5\%$ red ginseng was most preferable.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 공동 주택의 수전 개방 조건에서, 감압밸브 내부 오리피스 형상이 캐비테이션 발생에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 감압밸브 내부의 유로형상을 9가지 유형으로 구별하여 제시하고, 3차원 유한해석 코드인 ANSYS CFX를 사용하여 감압밸브 내의 유동해석을 수행하였다. 급격한 단면 변화가 일어나는 오리피스에서 최저 압력과 최대 속도가 발생하였다. 최대속도가 존재하는 부위에서 0 이상 증기체적비를 나타내어 캐비테이션이 발생함을 확인하였다. 유로 길이가 긴 형상에 비하여 돌연 확대관 형상의 모델에서 유체의 최대 속도가 낮게 나타났다. 돌연확대관 형상의 경우에는 매우 작은 증기체적비를 나타내고 있으며, 돌연확대의 정도가 클수록 증기체적비는 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 감압밸브의 케비테이션 발생을 방지하기 위해서는 돌연확대의 형상을 갖도록 설계하는 것이 타당하다고 판단된다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.37-60
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• 1993

Because of the rapid growing traffic volumes of cargo, especially between Seoul and Inchon, and lack of investment into transport infrastructure in the past, in Kyong-in area have suffered from the serious traffic congestion in the public-road and the express-way network, But the further expansion of the traffic volume in near future is difficult due to burden of the higher expansion of the traffic volume in near future is difficult due to burden of the higher construction cost. Although the traffic congestion on the Kyung-in railway, is not very serious comparing with the road sector, the shortage of capacity on some main lines becomes emerged as a problem as railway traffic has increased. Unlike these two modes, the water transport, which has been paid relatively less attention for commodity transport in Kyong-in area, has not any constaint in this respect. Han river has been used as a water transport route in Chosun Dynasty which is called Cho-wun. This paper therefore aims to propose the availability of Han river as the alternative water transportation mode, in order to decrease the congestion between Seoul-Inchon by considering the construction of Kyong-in artificial water channel in near future. In this paper, we investigate the availability of Nanji-do as the physical distribution depot connecting with the circulation express way in the national capital distribution depot connecting with the circulation express way in the national capital. We also estimate the traffic volume by using the push-barge carrier (300DWT) in the same channel through the simulation under some assumptions such as ship's turnaround time, speed, etc.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2014

주유소에서 거래되는 액체 연료인 석유류는 온도 변화에 따라 팽창과 수축하게 된다. 석유류의 체적팽창계수는 약 $0.1%/^{\circ}C$이고, 우리나라의 기온은 겨울철에는 $-15^{\circ}C$, 여름철에는 $35^{\circ}C$까지 변한다. 온도 변화에 따른 체적의 변화가 석유류 거래에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 주유소에 저장된 연료와 주유되는 연료의 온도 변화를 측정하였다. 또 우리나라의 지난 50 년간의 일간, 월간, 년간 온도 변화를 고찰하였다. 지하 저장탱크의 유류 온도는 계절에 관계없이 하루 중 안정되게 유지되었다. 주유소 주위의 환경 조건과 위치, 주유 빈도등이 주유되는 유류의 온도에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 건전한 석유류의 거래와 관련 법령의 제정에 활용될 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.70-79
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• 1984

대형 고속증식로용 핵계산 체제(KAERI-26군 단면적 library/1DX/2DB)를 이용하여 SUPER-PHE-NIX I 평형 노심의 초기상태에서의 diagrid 및 Pad팽창에 대한 반응도 계수를 계산, 검토하였다. 노심은 R-Z등가 model로 묘사하고, 2차원 다군 확산 이론 전산코드인 2DB를 사용하여 임계도를 계산하였다. 기초계산으로서 반경방향 및 축방향 균일 괭창에 대한 반응도 계산과 노심구성물질의 원자수 밀도 변화와 노심체적 변화에 대한 반응도 변화량계산을 수행하였다. 균일 팽창으로 고려한 diagrid팽창에 대한 반응도 계수는 -0.553pcm/mil로 계산되었다. 한편 반응도의 온도계수는 -1.0766pcm/$^{\circ}C$로 환산되어 프랑스 발표치 -1.09pcm/$^{\circ}C$와 1.2%오차내로 일치하였다. Diagrid 팽창효과 졔산방법을 활용하여 노심의 불균일 팽창을 유발하는 pad팽창에 대한 반응도 계수 계산을 수행한 바 매우 유용함을 알았다. Pad팽창에 대한 반응도 계수는 평균팽창 model의 경우 -0.2743pcm/mi1, pancake집적 model의 경우 -0.2786pcm/mi1로 각각 계산되었다. 또한 자유팽창 노심에서의 온도변화에 따른 pad 팽창에 대한 반응도 계수는 각 model에 대하여 -0.5766pcm/$^{\circ}C$, -0.5858pcm/$^{\circ}C$로 계산되어 프랑스 발표치 -0.574pcm/$^{\circ}C$와 2% 오차내로 일치하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.152-163
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• 2018

Purpose: To determine whether the swelling and mechanical properties of osmotic self-inflating expanders allow or not the induction of intraoral soft tissue expansion in dogs. Methods: Three different volumes (0.15, 0.25, and 0.42 mL; referred to respectively as the S, M, and L groups) of soft tissue expanders (STEs) consisting of a hydrogel core coated with a silicone-perforated membrane were investigated in vitro to assess their swelling behavior (volume swelling ratio) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile strain). For in vivo investigations, the STEs were subperiosteally inserted for 4 weeks in dogs (n=5). Soft tissue expansion was clinically monitored. Histological analyses included the examination of alveolar bone underneath the expanders and thickness measurements of the surrounding fibrous capsule. Results: The volume swelling ratio of all STEs did not exceed 5.2. In tensile mode, the highest mean strain was registered for the L group ($98.03{\pm}0.3g/cm$), whereas the lowest mean value was obtained in the S group ($81.3{\pm}0.1g/cm$), which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the S and L groups were significantly different in terms of tensile strength ($1.5{\pm}0.1g/cm$ for the S group and $2.2{\pm}0.1g/cm$ for the L group, P<0.05). Clinical monitoring showed successful dilatation of the soft tissues without signs of inflammation up to 28 days. The STEs remained volumetrically stable, with a mean diameter in vivo of 6.98 mm, close to the in vitro post-expansion findings (6.69 mm). Significant histological effects included highly vascularized collagen-rich fibrous encapsulation of the STEs, with a mean thickness of $0.67{\pm}0.12mm$. The bone reaction consisted of resorption underneath the STEs, while apposition was observed at their edges. Conclusions: The swelling and mechanical properties of the STEs enabled clinically successful soft tissue expansion. A tissue reaction consisting of fibrous capsule formation and bone loss were the main histological events.