• Language and Information
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.117-137
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• 2003

This paper attempts to provide an alternative analysis involving categorical issues related to English gerunds. Especially, this paper rejects Maulof's approach that creates a new syntactic category gerund by mixing nominal and verbal categories. This paper identifies two syntactic structures in English gerunds: nominal gerunds and verbal gerunds. This distinction is based on syntactic and semantic characteristics of each type and is intended to account for the external distribution and endocentricity of the construction. Treating verbal gerunds syntactically as verbal categories, this paper proposes that English verbal gerunds act like other verbal categories such as infinitives whereas nominal gerunds behaves much like derived nominals. This paper proposes a few lexical rules that can take care of the two types of gerunds. The proposal can be extended to prepositional complements as well as sentential subject positions. This proposal not only resolves the issues involving distributional properties of the gerund construction but also captures syntactic parallelism observable between gerunds and other verbal constructions in English.

• Language and Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-63
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• 1999

Korean manner-of-motion verbs have different characteristics from locomotion verbs syntactically and semantically, and they are aptly encoded as having the primitive semantic element MOVE, not GO of Jackendoff(1990)'s Conceptual Semantics framework. This point is shown on the basis of their behavior, the inability to take the Goal 'NP-lo' phrases, the Purposive 'S-le' clauses, the 'NP-ey' phrases, and the atelic interpretation. It is further shown that the apparent locomotion verb behavior of some manner-of-motion verbs, 'exocentric' phenomenon in their meaning composition, is merely a transferred aspect of manner-of-motion verbs. Three kinds of strategies, transformational, quasi-transformational, and lexical ones, are examined to describe this phenomenon, and the lexical one is determined to be the most appropriate. The remaining part of this paper pursues the possibility of adopting Tenny's(1987, 1994) 'Aspectual Interface Hypothesis' in establishing an argument linking system with special attention to 'measuring-out', but concludes that the hypothesis can be accepted only in a restricted part of verbs, and with a modified notion of measuring-out like Jackendoff's(1996).

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-38
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• 2018

The purpose of present study was to examine whether the perceived distance is compressed to different extent according to the length of the tool in the object that is not reachable even when using the tool, and whether the perceived distance is compressed according to the tool length only in the object being pointed. In Experiment 1, we found by measuring the egocentric distance that the length of the tool causes the distance to the target to be closer to that of the object placed at a far distance. In Experiment 2, we found by measuring the egocentric distance that when the operated object and the non-operated object coexisted in the visual field, the length of the tool does not affect the distance perception to the non-pointed object. In Experiment 3, we found that the tool length affects only the distance perception of the operated object by measuring the exocentric distance which is the distance between the operated object and the target in the same environment as Experiment 2. The results of present experiment suggest that the compression of the perceived distance occurs at a distance that can not be reached by using the tool, and that the compression of the perceived distance is limited to the pointed object.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the traits of the spatial orientation of urban residents. The analysis materials are the 110 rough maps which have been collected for the last ten years in Yeonsugu, Incheon metropolitan. The urbanites' spatial orientation are analysed from an aspect of the orientation elements and the orientation frames respectively. As a result, the urban dwellers make use of five elements - path, node, district, landmark, and language clue for their spatial orientation. Again the orientation frames of the urban people are investigated in terms of locating and directing in space. In regard to the former, they tend relatively to depend on horizontal axes based on broad streets and to prefer to position at the center on coordinate system. With reference to the latter, they show to be north-at-the-top directed tendency and to hold higher proportion of exocentric perspective than egocentric. Consequently urban residents tend to form spatial orientation with using five spatial elements, leaning horizontal axis, positioning themselves at the central part of coordinates, directing toward north-at-the-top through exocentric perspective.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.1 s.97
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

In immersive virtual reality system, since virtual worlds do not supply users with sufficient spatial information af real world does, the users frequently experience clumsiness and roughness while manipulating virtual objects. To overcome this problem, we propose Visual Guider in this paper as a tool for enhancing user's visual space perception in immersive virtual worlds. The Visual Guider aids users to recognize exocentric distances between different scene points and egocentric distances from the observation point to other points in the scene fast and precisely. Its concept is imported from the rectangular grids frequently used in two-dimensional windows applications. We applied the proposed technique to an experimental virtual space implemented in $CAVE^(TM)-like$ system and tested its effectiveness while users grasp and move virtual objects.