• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.5 no.2_3
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2005

Current codes of practice do not exist in isolation, and rules that have been developed assume certain material properties and minimum workmanship in fabrication and erection. These are either in separate documents or different parts of the code. This paper explains the main requirements for materials and workmanship and how they can be related to design and construction in general. The use of very high strength steels is also considered and the measures that may be needed to allow their use with modern codes are also presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide a practical guide for optimum residential and useful architectural condition in a regional area. The data has been collected through survey from exist Housing of a Go-sung Gun Toa-Sung Mun area. Those 21 Housing samples are collected, and are analyzed by standard Architectural codes, country Architectural codes and regulations This study has been processed in analysis of the unit planning and codes condition of each housings, and situation analysis through the practical investing. As a results of this study, the Housing floor plan in rural area should reflect user's needs and functional unit plan. Especially, the unit planning have a good residental environments. An instance, laundry and balcony space. These result will become basic data for the future architectural design in the Housing floor plan in rural area.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1999.12a
• /
• pp.141-146
• /
• 1999

The comming of high speed computers with large memory size in recent years has allowed the practical development of codes which solve the Reynolds-averaged NAvier-Stokes (RANS) equations in three dimensions. Such codes are already used by the large engine manufacturers for the advanced design of some engine components. Different computational fluid dynamics approaches and turbulence models exist, and it seems essential today to establish their degree of validity for application to typical configurations in turbomachinery. In 1993 the Turbomachinery Committee of the IGTI of ASME has issued an open invitation to predict the flow details of an isolated transonic fan rotor called as NASA ROTOR 37. This paper reports this test case.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.74-89
• /
• 2021

For higher-level requirements of urban planning and management and the recent development of "digital earth" and "digital city", it is urgent to establish protocols for the construction of three-dimensional digital city models. However, some problems still exist in the digital technology of the three-dimensional city model, such as insufficient precision of the three-dimensional model, not optimizing the scene and not considering the constraints of building codes. In view of those points, a method to interactively simulate a virtual city scene based on building codes is proposed in this paper. Firstly, some constraint functions are set up to restrict the models to adhere to the building codes, and an improved directional bounding box technique is utilized to solve the problem that geometric objects may intersect in a virtual city scene. The three-dimensional model invocation strategy is designed to convert two-dimensional layouts to a three-dimensional urban scene. A Leap Motion hardware device is used to interactively place the 3D models in a virtual scene. Finally, the design and construction of the three-dimensional scene are completed by using Unity3D. The experiment shows that this method can simulate urban virtual scenes that strictly adhere to building codes in a virtual scene of the city environment, but also provide information and decision-making functions for urban planning and management.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2016

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been adopted in variety domain of construction industry. In this circumstances, interest of BIM model quality has been increased. In many countries, automated building code checking system by Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) has been developed and studied to use web based building permission systems. IFC is international standard of BIM format. However, the data structure of IFC does not include all of objects and properties about national building codes. In this paper, we developed the information specification between IFC data structure and national building code to increase interoperability. First, we drew the criteria from literature review to analyze the building code. And then, we analyzed building code and sorted objects and properties for automated building code checking. After that we made mapping table between the sorted data and IFC specification. Using the mapping table, we developed pre-specification about building codes information that does not exist in IFC specification. And the defined information can be used to develop the BIM modeling guide and national building permission system. The pre-specification support increasing the interoperability between user and automated building code checking system. Increasing thee interoperability makes improvement accuracy and reliability about result of automated building code checking.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.511-525
• /
• 2021

Aluminium outfitting is widely used in offshore platforms owing to its anti-corrosion ability and its light weight. However, various standards exist (ISO, NORSOK and EN) for the design of handrails used in offshore platforms, and different suppliers have different criteria. This causes great confusion for designers. Moreover, the design load required by the standards is not clearly defined or is uncertain. Thus, many offshore projects reference previous project details or are conservatively designed without additional clarification. In this study, all of the codes and standards were reviewed and analysed through prior studies, and data on variable factors that directly and indirectly affect the handrails applied to offshore platforms were analysed. A total of 50 handrail design load scenarios were proposed through deterministic and probabilistic approaches. To verify the proposed new handrail design load selection scenario, structural analysis was performed using SACS (offshore structural analysis software). This new proposal through deterministic and probabilistic approaches is expected to improve safety by clarifying the purpose of the handrails. Furthermore, the acceptance criteria for probabilistic scenarios for handrails suggest considering the frequency of handrail use and the design life of offshore platforms to prevent excessive design. This study is expected to prevent trial and error in handrail design while maintaining overall worker safety by applying a loading scenario suitable for the project environment to enable optimal handrail design.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.336-342
• /
• 2014

Shear strengths of reinforced high strength concrete beams without web reinforcement are studied with experimental analysis of 10 specimen with 2.4 shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) beams for 4 stages of concrete compressive stength over 60MPa comparing ultimate loads and shear stresses of ACI363R and KCI code equations. Expecially, concrete compressive strengths used in shear design were essentially limited to 10,000 psi (69MPa) by ACI363R and KCI Code. The modified Code equation's shear stresses of the specimen without the limit are compared with test results. The comparison between the modified exist Code equations results and test results are expected to show an available scope to apply in construction field and to give considerations of design and contraction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.855-858
• /
• 2008

A compression lap splice can be calculated longer than a tension lap splice in high strength concrete according to current design codes. Including effects of transverse reinforcement, a compression splice becomes much longer than a tension splice. Effects of transverse reinforcement on strength and behavior of compression lap splice, which always exist in actual structures, have been investigated through experimental study of column tests with concrete strength of 40 and 60 MPa. Confined specimens have twice of calculated strengths by current design codes. New design equations for the compression lap splice including the effects of transverse reinforcement are required for practical purpose of ultra-high strength concrete. End bearing is enhanced by transverse reinforcement placed at ends of splice not by transverse reinforcement within splice length. As more transverse reinforcement are placed, the stresses developed by bond linearly increase. The transverse reinforcements at ends of splice a little improve the strength by bond.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.3-18
• /
• 2012

Observed wall damage in recent earthquakes in Chile and New Zealand, where modern building codes exist, exceeded expectations. In these earthquakes, structural wall damage included boundary crushing, reinforcement fracture, and global wall buckling. Recent laboratory tests also have demonstrated inadequate performance in some cases, indicating a need to review code provisions, identify shortcomings and make necessary revisions. Current modeling approaches used for slender structural walls adequately capture nonlinear flexural behavior; however, strength loss due to buckling of reinforcement and nonlinear and shear-flexure interaction are not adequately captured. Additional research is needed to address these issues. Recent tests of reinforced concrete coupling beams indicate that diagonally-reinforced beams detailed according to ACI 318-$11^1$ can sustain plastic rotations of about 6% prior to significant strength loss and that relatively simple modeling approaches in commercially available computer programs are capable of capturing the observed responses. Tests of conventionally-reinforced beams indicate less energy dissipation capacity and strength loss at approximately 4% rotation.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2005.03a
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2005

High-rise residential buildings in these days tend to adopt a building frame system as primary earthquake resisting structural system for some architectural reasons. But there exist several ambiguities in designing such building frame systems according to current codes, with regards to : the effective stiffness property of RC cracked section in static and dynamic analyses, analytical model to evaluate story drift ratio and, deformation compatibility requirements of frames. The comparative study for these issues by appling IBC 2000 and KBC 2005 to a typical building frame system shows that demands of member strength and story drift ratio can be different significantly depending on designer's interpretation and application of code requirements.