• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined the effects of combined intervention of isoflavones and exercise on bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and biochemical bone markers. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups; Control, Isoflavones (IF), Isoflavones + Running (IFR), and Isoflavones + Swimming (IFS). All of the rats in this study were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for nine weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were estimated using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin.) in spine and femur nine weeks after feeding or training. Results: The combined intervention did not affect weight gain, mean food intake, or food efficiency ratio. The serum concentrations of ALP and osteocalcin were not significantly different by combined intervention. The urinary DPD crosslinks values were not significantly different by combined intervention. There were no significant differences in serum PTH, calcitonin, and estradiol among all groups. Spine BMD, spine BMC and femur BMC were not significantly different by combined intervention. However, femur BMD was significantly higher in the IFR group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, spine BMD, spine BMC, and femur BMD per weight were markedly increased in the isoflavones supplementation and combined intervention group. In addition, femur BMC per weight was significantly higher in the IFS group than in the control group. Compared with the isoflavones supplemented group, BMD and BMC were not significantly different by combined intervention. Conclusion: It can be concluded that isoflavones supplementation or combined intervention of isoflavone and exercise had a beneficial effect on spine and femur peak bone mass in growing female rats.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3405-3411
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• 2009

This study was performed to be used as basic data to preventive the osteoporosis of a rural community people, after finding out the bone mineral density and a state of health, that of exercise, body composition and basic physical strength of the rural community adult. the subject for 143 adults of a rural community, the relation between bone mineral density and a state of health, that of exercise, body measurement and basic physical strength was studied. The research results were as follows. 1. In survey subjects, the more the age increased(p<0.01) and the lower the educational level was, the lower bone mineral density was(p<0.05). 2. Bone mineral density was significantly lower in those who had chronic diseases than those who didn't (p<0.05). 3. Bone mineral density was significantly higher in those who had much weight, BMI, body fat mass, and fat-free mass than those who didn't(p<0.01). 4. Bone mineral density was significantly high in those who exercised in the past, whose basal metabolism was high, and whose muscle mass was much(p<0.05). 5. Bone mineral density was high in those who had much grasping power and a number of sit-ups and push-ups (p<0.01). 6. As a result of Multiple Regression Analysis in which BMD was a dependent variable, the more the age increased, the more the score of bone density decreased when they had chronic diseases. And the exercise of the past affected the increase of bone mineral density.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2013

We investigated the contribution of genetic variations of KLF5 to basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the inhibition of obesity in Korean children. A variation of KLF5 (rs3782933) was genotyped in 62 Korean children. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we developed a model to predict BMR in children. We divided them into several groups; normal versus overweight by body mass index (BMI) and low BMR versus high BMR by BMR. There were no differences in the distributions of alleles and genotypes between each group. The genetic variation of KLF5 gene showed a significant correlation with several clinical factors, such as BMR, muscle, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin. Children with the TT had significantly higher BMR than those with CC (p=0.030). The highest muscle was observed in the children with TT compared with CC (p=0.032). The insulin and C-peptide values were higher in children with TT than those with CC (p=0.029 vs. p=0.004, respectively). In linear regression analysis, BMI and muscle mass were correlated with BMR, whereas insulin and C-peptide were not associated with BMR. In the high-BMR group, we observed that higher muscle, fat mass, and C-peptide affect the increase of BMR in children with TT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p=0.018, respectively), while Rohrer's index could explain the usual decrease in BMR (adjust $r^2$=1.000, p < 0.001, respectively). We identified a novel association between TT of KLF5 rs3782933 and BMR in Korean children. We could make better use of the variation within KLF5 in a future clinical intervention study of obesity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.116-124
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• 2013

The aim was to examine resistance exercise-related genes after 8 weeks of resistance training. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: 4 weeks sedentary (4 wks CON, n=8), 8 weeks sedentary (8 wks CON, n=8), 4 weeks exercise training (4 wks REG, n=8), and 8 weeks exercise training (8 wks REG, n=8). The rats were trained to climb a 1-m vertical incline (85-degree), with weights secured to their tails. They climbed 10 times, 3 days per week, for 8 consecutive weeks. Skeletal muscle was taken from the flexor halucis longus after the exercise training. After separating the total RNA, large-scale gene expression was investigated by beadarray (Illumina RatRef-12 Expression BeadChip) analysis, and qPCR was used to inspect the beadarray data and to analyze the RNA quantitatively. The detection p-value for the genes was p<0.01, the M-value {M=$log_2$(condition)-$log_2$(reference)} was >1.0, and the DiffScore was >20. In total, the expression of 30 genes significantly increased 4 weeks after the exercise training, and the expression of six genes decreased. At 8 weeks, the expression of five genes significantly increased and that of 12 decreased. Several genes are potentially involved in resistance exercise and muscle hypertrophy, including 1) regulation of cell growth (IGFBP1, PLA2G2A, OKL38); 2) myogenesis (CSRP3); 3) tissue regeneration and muscle development (MUSTN1, MYBPH); 4) hypertrophy (CYR61, ATF3, NR4A3); and 5) glucose metabolism (G6PC, PCK1). These results may help to explain previously reported physiological changes of the skeletal muscle and suggest new avenues for further investigation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2011

Obesity contributes to an increased risk for chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. The prevalence of obesity has increased in Korea. We compared the clinical and dietary characteristics of obese adults (n = 30, 17 men and 13 women, mean age 29.9) to those with a normal weight (n = 15, 8 men and 7 women, mean age 26.5). We determined lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and serum free fatty acid (FFA). Dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 3-day dietary record. Exercise patterns and average alcohol intake were determined. The average body mass index was 28.3 kg/$m^2$ in the obese and 21.2 kg/$m^2$ in the normal weight groups. The obese group had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, lower levels of HDL cholesterol, and higher blood pressures compared to the normal weight group. FBS was not significantly different between the two groups. The obese group had significantly more subjects with metabolic syndrome (26.7%) compared to the normal weight group (0%). Serum FFA levels tended to be higher in the obese (P = 0.087). No significant difference in caloric intake was observed between the two groups. No differences in carbohydrate, protein, or fat intake between two groups were observed from the FFQ. However, results from the 3-day dietary record showed that the percentage of energy from fat was significantly higher in the obese group. The frequency and amount of exercise did not differ between the two groups. Alcohol consumed per drinking episode was significantly higher in the obese group. These results confirm that excessive weight is associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism in these fairly young and otherwise healthy adults. Dietary factors, including higher fat intake and alcohol consumption, seem to be contributing to the obesity of these subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.93-103
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effect of active trunk training in the sitting position on balance and energy consumption in early stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects of this study were twenty four early stroke patients were recruited and randomly divided into two groups; experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The subjects in the experimental group participated in active trunk training (20 min) and conventional physical therapy (20 min) five times a week for four weeks. The control group conducted general balance exercise (20 min) and conventional physical therapy (20 min) five times a week for four weeks. The outcomes were assessed using the Berg balance scale, Timed up and go test and energy cost and physiological cost index. RESULTS: Both groups showed a significant increase in their Berg balance scale and significant decrease in their Timed up and go test score, and energy cost and physiological cost index (p<.05). Compared to the control group, the experimental group experienced a greater increase in the Berg balance scale (p<.05) and a larger decrease in the timed up and go test score, and energy cost and physiological cost index (p<.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest that active trunk training in the sitting position may be effective in improving balance and energy consumption in early stroke patients. Thus, active trunk training is important for such patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the effectiveness of trunk training in early stroke patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

Lifestyle behaviors including dietary habits are well known to play key roles in bone metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) including age, anthropometric parameters, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary habits of men aged more than 50 years. Ninety-one men, who visited health promotion center at one of the university medical centers, were divided into two groups according to the BMD: normal and osteopenia. The BMD of femoral neck in the osteopenia group was significantly lower than that of the normal group ($0.77\;{\pm}\;0.28$ vs. $0.98\;{\pm}\;0.08\;g/cm^2$). The proportion of the regular exercisers was significantly lower in the osteopenia group than in the normal group (p = 0.027). In the osteopenia group, the femoral neck BMD was significantly decreased in smokers and coffee drinkers compared to no-smokers and no-coffee drinkers. The femoral neck BMD was increased among those who consume breakfast and beans and bean products more frequently and those with a greater meal regularity. In the normal group, the lumbar spine BMD was significantly increased among those with frequent consumption of beans and bean products. The lumbar spine BMD was significantly correlated with exercise (r = 0.263), and the femoral neck BMD with weight (r = 0.284), BMI (r = 0.324), relative body weight (r = 0.294), exercise (r = 0.269) and frequency of beans and bean products consumption (r = 0.216). These results indicate that lifestyle behaviors and dietary habits play important roles in maintaining optimum bone health in the middle-aged men.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4001-4007
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• 2011

In this study, we selected ten normal women in their 20's and 4 weeks measured Exercise Intensity, Voluntary Ventilation, Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Oxygen and Calorie Consumption and Ventilation Equivalent of them during Normal Gait, Splint-equipped Gait and Crutch Gait With Splint in order to find out whether the movement limitation and the weight of orthosis could have an effect on energy consumption. Each gait was conducted at a comfortable speed, 2.74 km/h for 30 minutes equipped with splint whose average weight is 1.2 kg. In the result of the study, The Crutch Gait With Splint showed high Exercise Intensity compaired to Normal Gait and Splint-equipped Gait. In addtion, in The Voluntary Ventilation and Oxygen Consumption, The Crutch Gait showed higher figures than two the others and the difference was significant as well(p<0.05). As for The Calorie Consumption, it also showed higher figures than two the others but the difference was not statistically significant. Finally, in The Respiratory Exchange Ratio and The Ventilation Equivalent, there was no significant difference among three conditional variables.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the possibility of Salicornia herbacea L. powder as a functional food beneficially affecting carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant capacity. Twenty-four, 6-week old, maleSprague-Dawleyrats were classified into three groups: normal diet control (CON), high-fat diet control (HFC) and high fat diet + Salicornia herbacea L. (SHF). Related feed was provided to each group for 4 weeks. Weight gain rate increased most in the HFC rats, and the concentration of glucose was significantly high in both the HFC and SHF groups, compared to the CON group. The SHF group showed a significantly high expression rate of Glut 4 (21.36%), compared to the CON and HFC groups. The glycogen content in muscle was significantly high in both the HFC and SHF groups, compared to the CON group. There were significant differences in the malondialdehydecontent in muscles between the groups, with the content in the CON and HFC groups being significantly higher than the SHF group. All the groups showed a similar tendency to each other in the liver tissue as well. Concerning the expression of Cu,Zn-super oxide dismutase andglutathione peroxidaseproteins, the SHF group was significantly higher than the CON and HFC groups. Overall, the experiment result above implies a possibility that an intake of Salicornia herbacea L. powder can regulate weight by decreasing the weight gain rate, further suggesting its effectiveness as a functional food before exercise by increasing the energy storage capacity and antioxidant capacity.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine self-management status, nutritional knowledge, barrier factors in dietary management and needs of nutritional management program for women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 100 women with GDM were recruited from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Seoul. The questionnaire composed of general characteristics, status of self-management, dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, barrier factors in dietary management, needs for nutrition information contents and nutritional management programs. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. All data were statistically analyzed using student's t-test and chi-square test using SAS 9.3. Results: About 35% of the subjects reported that they practiced medical nutrition and exercise therapy for GDM control. The main sources of nutrition information were 'internet (50.0%)' and 'expert advice (45.0%)'. More than 70% of the subjects experienced nutrition education. The mean score of nutrition knowledge was 7.5 point out of 10, and only about half of the subjects were reported to be correctly aware of some questions such as 'the cause of ketosis', 'the goal of nutrition management for GDM', 'the importance of sugar restriction on breakfast'. The major obstructive factors in dietary management were 'eating more than planned when dining out', 'finding the appropriate menu when dining out'. The preferred nutrition information contents in developing management program were 'nutritional information of food', 'recommended food by major nutrients', 'the relationship between blood glucose and food', 'tips on menu selection at eating out'. The subjects reported that they need management program such as 'example of menu by calorie prescription', 'recommended weight gain guide', 'meal recording and dietary assessment', 'expert recommendation', 'sharing know-how'. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a program that provide personalized information by identifying the individual characteristics of the subjects and expert feedback function through various information and nutrition information contents that can be used in real life.