• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects on abdominal muscle thickness and breathing by applying trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise along with breathing exercise, which is the main respiratory muscle during breathing, to present an efficient exercise method with diaphragm breathing. Methods : This study was performed on normal 6 females and 14 males subjects. They were divided into 2 groups which trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise group. The trunk strength exercise group (TSE) attended prone press-up, crunch and pelvic tiling. The deep stabilization exercise group (DSE) attended abdominal drawing, horizontal side-support and bridging exercise. Breathing exercise was performed for each set break time for 1 minute. Results : First, in the comparison of the change in the thickness of the abdominal muscle between the trunk strength training group and the deep stabilization group before and after exercise, there was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of transverse abdominis (TrA), rectus femoris (RF), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO) (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Second, in the comparison of changes in respiratory function between the trunk strength exercise group and the deep stabilization exercise group before and after exercise, there were statistically significant differences in the exerted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the comparison before and after the experiment (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Conclusion : As a result of this study, it can be said that both trunk strength exercises and deep stabilization exercises along with diaphragm breathing are exercises that strengthen deep and superficial muscles, and have a positive effect on breathing function as well as muscle strength. However, it is not known which exercise was more effective, and because it was combined with breathing exercise, the interference effect appeared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2011

Purpose : The aim of this study was to clarify the lung capacity, maximal insufflation capacity, and peak cough flow when a mechanical insufflation-exsufflation(MIE) method was used to increase Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients' lung function. Methods : The subjects of the study were 21 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. They were randomly selected from patients within the boundaries of the selection criteria, and divided into two groups; The subject group(n=11) used the mechanical insufflation-exsufflation method with traditional therapeutic exercise. The control group(n=10) used only traditional therapeutic exercise. Results :The results indicated that maximal insufflation capacity, unassisted peak cough flow and assisted peak cough flow significantly increased in the subject group(p<.05). By contrast, in the control group, the results didn't indicate the significant differences from the variable. There were significant differences in maximal insufflation capacity and assisted peak cough flow between the subject group and the control group before and after the application of the mechanical insufflation-exsufflation method. Conclusion : A mechanical insufflation-exsufflation method has positive effects on the improvements of cough functions and that of pulmonary functions such as lung volume, lung elasticity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.597-604
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• 2010

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of air stacking exercise on respiratory ability of patients with cervical cord injury. Methods : The subjects of this study were 30 patients with cervical cord injury were randomly placed in an experimental group(n=15) and a control group(n=15), respectively. Basic therapeutic exercise(ROM exercise, stretching exercise, strengthening exercise) were conducted twice a day for 30 minutes each time in all subjects and air stacking exercise was additionally conducted on the experimently group only. Air stacking exercise was conducted for 4 weeks, twice a day, 5 times a week and repeated 10 to 15 times each time. Lung capacity, MIC and, peak cough flow were measured and evaluated. Results : The results showed that FEV1, FVC, MIC, UPCF and APCF were significantly increased(p<.05), but FEV1/FVC didn't show the significant differences in an experimental group. In a control group, the findings showed that FEV1, FVC were increased significantly(p<.05) while FEV1/FVC, MIC, UPCF, and APCF didn't show the significant differences.There were significant differences in FEV1, FVC, MIC, and APCF between a experimental group and a control group in the results of Pulmonary Function Test after conducting the pulmonary rehabilitation. However, no significant differences were found in FEV1/FVC, and UPCF between a experimental and a control group(p>.05). Conclusion : air stacking exercise has positive effects on the improvements of cough functions and that of pulmonary functions such as lung volume, lung elasticity in patients with cervical cord injury.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the effects of squat exercise on the vitality and balanced capacity of female university students in their 20s with lower blood flow control. This study selected 40 volunteers from normal adult women in their twenties. Blood flow restriction used Blood Flow Restriction bands (BFR bands). The application method was to put on a blood flow restriction belt in the lower leg of the restricted blood flow area and put 120 mmHg of pressure to limit blood flow while the subject was standing comfortably. It was found that there were statistically significant differences in Height, Maximum concentric power and Take off speed between two groups(p<.05), There was statistically unimportant differences in foot scan between two groups(p>.05). This study found that to find out the changes in balance and alacrity, the experimental and control groups were divided into two groups. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in balance capability, but there were significant differences over time in net power.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4285-4295
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participation motivation on exercise emotion and psychological well-being of marathon participants. The subjects of this study consisted of 241 marathon participants. The result of this study were as follows. First, the subscales of participation motivation, enjoyment, achievement and excitement positively influenced to fun, vigor, pride, achievement, catharsis. And skill development positively influenced to vigor, pride, achievement, catharsis. And external display positively influenced to vigor but, affiliation negatively influenced to vigor, achievement, and catharsis. And amotivation negatively influenced to fun, vigor, pride, catharsis. Second, the subscales of participation motivation, skill development and enjoyment positively influenced to feeling of flow, feeling of competence, feeling of self-realization, hedonic enjoyment. achievement and excitement positively influenced to feeling of flow and hedonic enjoyment, external display positively influenced to feeling to flow. And amotivation negatively influenced to feeling of self-realization and hedonic enjoyment. Third, the subscales of exercise emotion, pride positively influenced to feeling of flow, feeling of competence, feeling of self-realization, hedonic enjoyment. And vigor positively influenced to feeling of flow and hedonic enjoyment. And fun positively influenced to feeling of competence and feeling of self-realization. And achievement positively influenced to hedonic enjoyment.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2014

Background: This study was aimed to determine the effects of deep abdominal muscle exercises (DAME) and thoracic mobility exercises (TME) on pulmonary function. Methods: This study was conducted with 22 college students who are in their 20s and have no problem carrying out activities of daily living. All subjects were randomly assigned to either the DAME group (11) or the TME group (11) to undertake the exercises for 2 weeks. To measure pulmonary function of subjects, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced exploratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured using chest graph. Chest expansion of subjects was also measured with tape ruler. These measurements were performed on the first day before the exercise program started and on the next day after the 2-week exercise program was completed. A paired-t test was performed to compare the differences in pulmonary function before and after the exercise program, and an independent t-test was performed to compare the two groups. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 1) In comparison of pre- and post-exercise changes in the DAME and TME groups, both groups showed significant increase in chest expansion and PEF after the exercise program, compared with the baseline data (p<.05). Both groups also demonstrated improvements in FVC and FEV1 after the exercise program, compared with the baseline data. However, the differences were not statistically significant (p>.05). 2) The comparison of the DAME and TME groups revealed no significant differences in chest expansion, FVC, FEV1 and PEF (p>.05). Conclusion: It is therefore concluded that both DAME and TME were effective in improving pulmonary function.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

Arthritis is one of the most common chronic degenerative joint disease in elderly. Osteoarthritis is a widespread, slowly developing disease, with a high prevalence increasing with age in women. The large joints mostly involved by the disease are the knees. But there are no treatments available that cure the underlying process of osteoarthritis diseases. Physical exercise helps in increasing cartilage nutrition and remodeling, increases the synovial blood flow, decrease swelling, and improves muscle strength. Thus, exercise has been suggested as an important nursing strategy in osteoarthritis. Purpose: The purpose of this study were to compare muscle strength between Tai-Chi exercise and aquatic exercise for women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest measures was used. The study subjects were those who had been enrolled in a community health center, and agreed to participate in the study for eight weeks, signed the consent form, and obtained the physicians approval. The study dropout rates were 13.2% with the final study subjects of 17 on Tai-Chi exercise, 16 on aquatic exercise program. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Window (version 12.0). Independent sample t-test and paired t-test was performed to compare of muscle strength for women with osteoarthritis after 8-week Tai-Chi exercise and aquatic Exercise. Results: The homogeneity tests of demographic characteristics and study variables at the pretest data revealed no significant differences between two groups. After 8-week Tai-Chi and aquatic exercise, there was significant result in pre-post test comparison on muscle strength on Tai-Chi group, but no significant in aquatic group. There were no significant differences of knee extensor (p=.078), and hand grip(p=.118) in group comparisons on muscle strengths. But there were significant differences of knee flexor(p=.024). Conclusion: Tai-chi exercise was effective in improving knee flexor. So, it seems that Tai-chi exercise may be more suitable for aquatic exercise in osteoarthritis exercise programs. Further studies with other comparisons in physical and psycho social outcomes are necessary to confirm the more effects of exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was on determine whether thoracic expension exercise might increase the pulmonary function of the patients with stroke. Methods : Fourty paients with stroke were randomly assigned to experimental(n=20) and control group(n=20). During four weeks, each group participated thirty minutes for five times per week. Subjects were assessed using pre-value and post-value measurement pulmonary function(Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume at one second, FEV1/FVC, Peak expiratory flow, Tidal volume, vital capacity, Inspiratory capacity, Expiratory reserve volume, Inspiratory reserve volume). Results : These finding suggest that experimental group was significant increase in FVC, FEV1, PEF, TV, IC, IRV, ERV($p$<.05). In comparison of two group, experimental group was high pulmonary function than control group. Conclusion : This study showed experimental group can be used to improve pulmonary function than control group. Thus it indicates that the thoracic expension exercise will be more improved through the continued respiratory exercise program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.123-131
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• 2015

PURPOSE: This study attempts to examine the impact of respiratory muscle exercises on the respiratory function and quality of sleep among stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 20 stroke patients were randomly divided into a breathing-exercise training group(n=10) and a breathing-device-training group(n=10). Changes in pulmonary function, as well as the quality, were measured before and after the intervention. The breathing exercise was performed three times a week for a total of eight weeks. Breathing-device exercises made use of a lung-capacity-strengthening device and were performed for three times a week for eight weeks. One Flow FVC was used as a measurement tool for the pulmonary function test. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and a sleep measurement tool were used for sleep evaluation. RESULTS: In a comparison of changes in pulmonary function before and after the training, the breathing-exercise group and the breathing-device-training group showed a significant difference. In changes of sleeping measure and PSQI, the breathing-exercise group and the breathing-device-training group also showed significant differences. CONCLUSION: Diverse index analyses confirmed that breathing exercises and exercises using a lung-capacity-strengthening device, were effective in improving respiratory function and quality of sleep among stroke patients experiencing respiratory function disorders and sleep disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study assessed the effect of exercise intervention methods on diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: A total of 28 children with CP were randomly allocated to the general exercise group (n=9, GEG), respiratory exercise group (n=10, REG), and intensive exercise group (n=9, IEG). The exercise intervention was performed for 12 weeks. This study measured diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength under two different conditions before and after each exercise. Ultrasonography was used for measuring diaphragm movement, and Pony Fx was used to measure the forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). A Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA with a significance level of .05 were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Significant change was observed between the REG and the IEG as well as between the GEG and the IEG (p<.05). No significant difference was observed between the GEG and the REG. The diaphragm movement, $FEV_1$ PEF, MIP, and MEP were most improved in the IEG (p<.01). CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that intensive exercise is the most effective treatment method for improving diaphragm movement and respiratory function in CP children.