• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2023

Purpose: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis explored extended reality (XR)-based pediatric nursing simulation programs and analyzed their effectiveness. Methods: A literature search was conducted between May 1 and 30, 2022 in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL. The search period was from 2000 to 2022. In total, 6,095 articles were reviewed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 14 articles were selected for the final content analysis and 10 for the meta-analysis. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. Results: XR-based pediatric nursing simulation programs have increased since 2019. Studies using virtual reality with manikins or high-fidelity simulators were the most common, with six studies. The total effect size was statistically significant at 0.84 (95% confidence interval=0.50-1.19, z=4.82, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, we suggest developing standardized guidelines for the operation of virtual pediatric nursing simulation education and practice. Simultaneously, the application of more sophisticated research designs for effect measurement and the combined applications of various virtual simulation methods are needed to validate the most effective simulation methodology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1054-1062
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• 2010

Oxidative coupling reactions of humic substances (HS) can be catalyzed by a variety of natural extracellular enzymes and metal oxides. In this study, property changes of HS induced by a natural enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the effect of it to microfiltration (MF) were investigated. PAHA was transformed by oxidative coupling reaction with HRP and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), verifying the catalytic effects of the HRP. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed that weight-average molecular weight (MWw) of PAHA was proportionally increased with the dosages of HRP and $H_2O_2$, indicating the transform action of HS into larger and complex molecules. An increase in the conformational stability of HS was achieved through the promotion of intermolecular covalent bondings between heterogeneous humic molecules. Spectroscopic analysis (fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy) proved that functional groups were transformed by the reaction. Additionally, HS and transformed products were undergone microfiltration (MF) to examine the treatment potential of them in a water treatment facility. Original HS could not be removed by MF but larger molecules of transformed products could be removed. Meanwhile, transformed products caused more fouling on the filtration than original HS. This results proved that natural organic matter (NOM) can be removed by MF after its increase in molecular size by oxidative coupling reaction.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.819-825
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• 2003

pharbitis nil and Taraxacum mongolicum are representative herbs that have been used for cancer treatment in Korean traditional medicine. To understand the molecular basis of the antitumor function, we analyzed the effect of these herbs on proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells using a gastric cancer cell line AGS. Cell counting assay showed that pharbitis nil strongly inhibit cell proliferation Of AGS whereas Taraxacum mongolicum exhibit no detectable effect on cellular growth. [³H]thymidine uptake analysis also demonstrated that DNA replication of AGS is suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with pharbitis nil. Additionally, tryphan blue exclusion assay showed that Pharbitis nil induce apoptotic cell death of AGS in a dose-dependent. To explore whether anti antiproliferative and/or proapototic property of Pharbitis nil is associated with their effect on gene expression, we performed RT-PCR analysis of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. Interestingly, mRNA expression levels of c-Jun, c-Fos, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 were markedly reduced by Pharbitis nil. Taraxacum mongolicum also showed inhibitory action on expression of these growth-promoting protooncogene but there effects are less significant, as compared to Pharbitis nil. Furthermore, it was also found that Pharbitis nil activates expression of the p53 tumor suppressor and its downstream effector p21Waf1, which induce G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Pharbitis nil induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells and these effects are accompanied with down-and up-regulation of growth-regulating protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, respectively. This observation thus suggests that the anticancer effect of Pharbitis nil might be associated with its regulatory capability of tumor-related gene expression.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2010

The object of this research is to conform of practicable possibility and recycling of producing junk after citrus fruits is processed. With extracting d-limonene oil that have 70~90% a component of oil out of junk citrus peel, making certain the about 12000ppm concentration of it. Limonene derived from citrus in jeju using conventional synthetic detergents can be replaced with the development of environmentally friendly natural detergent investigated the possibility. Mostly due to ocean dumping, disposal and cause environmental problems by recycling natural citrus cleaner alternative to the research conducted on the possibility. Cleaning efficiency with temperature did not affect the largest concentrations were able to identify the difference between cleaning efficiency. At least 10% of the d-limonene oil could be from the cleaning performance, increasing the concentration of the cleaning efficiency was increased in size. Ultrasonic is very high removal efficiency under the conditions shown in the cause of pure self-generated ultrasonic cleaning power as co-effects of d-limonene oil appears to chemical cleaning effect of ultrasonic cavitation occurs in the physical cleaning effect due to a combination of synergistic stability is maximized by low concentrations of d-limonene oil in a short time showed an excellent cleaning ability. Having the ability of cleaning at the same time, considering the side recycling in the junk citrus peels reflects possibility of basic materials utility eco-friendly in the skin soap, bath soap, cosmetics etc, through ability of exclusion a contaminant in based cleaning effect(EC) it can prospect substitution effect environmentally in the pre existence synthetic detergents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2016

It has been known that Arak, Salvadora persica, has a number of medicinal properties. We tried to investigate in vitro scolicidal effect of root extracts of this plant against protoscolices from hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus. Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. S. persica root extract was used in 10, 30, and 50 mg/ml concentration for 10, 20, and 30 min. The viability of protoscolices was ascertained by 0.1% eosin staining. Scolicidal activity of S. persica extract at a concentration of 10 mg/ml was 36.3%, 50.3%, and 70.8% after 10, 20, and 30 min of exposure, respectively. The scolicidal effect of this extract at a concentration of 30 mg/ml was 52.9%, 86.7%, and 100% after 10, 20, and 30 min of exposure, respectively. S. persica extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml, meanwhile, killed 81.4%, 100%, and 100% of protoscolices after 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively. Also, the cytotoxic potential of S. persica was assessed on human liver cells (HepG2) using trypan blue exclusion test. No cytotoxic effect was observed on HepG2 cell line. The present study confirmed for the first time that the ethanolic extract of S. persica has high scolicidal power in vitro. However, in vivo effect of this material remains to be studied for treatment of echinococcosis in humans and herbivorous animals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.337-347
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• 2016

This paper investigates how social trust and disability identity influence subjective health, focusing on the moderating effect of social-economic status of people with disabilities. We used surveys used for the development of the social exclusion scale of people with disabilities. As a result, social trust and disability identity influence subjective health. Namely, those who have more social trust and high disability identity experience subjective good health than other people with disabilities do. Second, the relationship between disability identity and subjective health was moderated by social-economic status of people with disabilities. Namely, the relationship between disability identity and subjective health is bigger as the level of social-economic status is higher. However, the relationship between social trust and self-rated health was not moderated by social-economic status of people with disabilities. Based on these findings, we suggest policy and practice ways to promote the subjective health status of people with disabilities.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.173-183
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examined the effects of exercise programs on the pain and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases of KiSTi, KoreaMed, KISS and KERIS were searched to identify studies of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials. As a result, 1213 publications identified and 16 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies examined for quality assessment of studies using Cochrane's risk of bias. Results: The 16 studies were eligible for inclusion criteria, then the meta-analysis was conducted to examine effectiveness of exercise programs on pain and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The meta- analysis based on the random effect model showed that the exercise program was beneficial in decreasing pain (effect size .69; 95% confidence interval 0.45~0.91). Also, the exercise programs have been shown to be effective in significantly improving the quality of life. However, it was not statistically significant due to severe deviations of studies (effect size 1.06; 95% confidence interval -0.34~2.46). Conclusion: Exercise programs had positive effects on pain relief and improvement of the quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis, although the quality of life was not statistically significant due to severe deviations of studies.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.589-595
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• 2011

In order to analyze principles of taking concoction and make clear the origin of contraindication against five pungent vegetables, the regulations of Guizhitang prescription in "Shanghanlun" the twelfth article and "Wushierbingfang", "Wuweihandaiyijian", "Jinguiyaolue" were researched. Four principles of taking concoction were put in order; strengthening the effect of concoction by eating hot rice gruel and wearing bedclothes, preventing decline of drug effect by food regulations, optimization of elution and effect of material herbs by crushing, low heating, determination of administration time based on manifestations of drug effect by sweating and its aspect. These principles and methods of taking concoctions were developed from boiling to simple processing of material herbs, contraindication in the middle of taking concoction and perspiration by wearing bedclothes and eating hot rice gruel in order from the analysis of medical literatures. The contraindication against pungent vegetables were generalized in early Dong-Han dynasty already, and the five pungent vegetables were inferred as Allium tuberosum, Allium bakeri regel, spring onion, wild rocambole and garlic in medical context to the exclusion of religious idea. The reason of prohibition against five pungent vegetables could be interpreted as optimization of therapeutic effects by pharmacological control of pungent ingredients because the healthy qi damage and evil qi retention were resulted from destroying of harmonious ying and wei by overeating pungent vegetables during disease state. Conclusively the regulations of Guizhitang prescription referred to taking concoction in "Shanghanlun" fulfilled their functions to maximize pharmacological effects through various ways inside and outside and these reasonal principles of taking concoction has been influenced over the traditional medical practice deeply.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of cardiopulmonary physiotherapy on the cardiopulmonary function, metabolism, inflammatory markers, and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Electronic bibliographic databases of a regional information sharing system (RISS) and PubMed were searched to identify studies with randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. As the final outcome, 320 publications were identified and 18 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies were assessed for the quality of study using Cochrane's risk of bias. RESULTS: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, in which meta-analysis had been conducted to examine the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary physiotherapy on the cardiopulmonary function, metabolism, inflammatory markers, and quality of life in patients undergoing PCI. Meta-analysis based on a random effect model showed that the cardiopulmonary physiotherapy was beneficial in improving the cardiopulmonary function, metabolism, inflammatory markers, and quality of life. In particular, there was a significant effect on the peak oxygen uptake (effect size 5.30%; 95% confidence interval 3.62~6.97). Cardiopulmonary physiotherapy for a during period of 6 weeks or more was effective in significantly improving the cardiopulmonary function and metabolism function in a subgroup analysis, but cardiopulmonary physiotherapy for less than 6 weeks was not effective. CONCLUSION: Cardiopulmonary physiotherapy has positive effects on the cardiopulmonary function, metabolism, inflammatory markers, and quality of life in patients undergoing PCI.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this overview was to summarize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for sleep disorders through systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs). Methods: An overview of systematic review was conducted according to the study protocol (reviewregistry1320). A comprehensive literature search was performed using three databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science) and three Korean databases (KoreaMed, KMbase, and ScienceON). Final studies were selected by three authors according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data needed for analysis were extracted by a pre-planned extraction framework. Methodological quality of systematic review was assessed using the 'Assessment of multiple systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR2)'. Results: Fourteen SRs and MAs were included, of which eleven SRs were performed MAs. Twelve studies studied insomnia among sleep disorders, and the rest are nightmares and sleep disturbances with PTSD. Ten studies reported the effect of CBT on sleep disorders measured by insomnia severity index (ISI) and sleep onset latency (SOL), and all reported a significant improvement effect. Eight studies reported the effect of CBT on sleep disorders measured by wake time after sleep onset (WASO), and seven studies reported a significant improvement effect. The methodological quality of the studies evaluated with AMSTAR 2 was mainly low or very low because of omission of protocol registration and excluded study list. Conclusions: Practical guidelines and studies show that CBT is effective for sleep disorders, but access to CBT needs to be improved.