• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2000

NiMn-pinned spin valve films consisting of a layered glass/NiFe/Co/Cu/Co/NiFe/NiMn/Ta stack were made by do magnetron sputtering. After deposition, the structure was annealed in a series of cycles each including three hours at $220^\circ C, 2\times10^{-6}$ Torr, in a field of 350 Oe, to create an ordered antiferromagnetic structure in the NiMn layer and produce a strong unidirectional pinning field in the pinned magnetic layer, Optimum spin valve properties were obtained after seven annealing cycles, or 21 hours at $220^\circ C$, and were : MR ratio 1%, exchange coupling field 620 Oe, and coercivity of pinned layer 250 Oe. The exchange coupling field remained constant up to an operating temperature of $175^\circ C$, and the blocking temperature was about $380^\circ C$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.264-268
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• 1996

Directional coupling optical switch which on the LiNbO$_3$ substrate is fabricated by using proton exchange method and self-aligned method. Proton exchange of proton diffusion method was applied to pattern a waveguide on LiNbO$_3$ substrate. The annealing at 400[$^{\circ}C$] was caroled out to control waveguide width and depth. The process of proton exchange was done at 150[$^{\circ}C$] for 120[min], 200[$^{\circ}C$] for 60[min] and annealing process was done at 400[$^{\circ}C$] for 90[min], 400[$^{\circ}C$] for 60[min]. The high speed directional coupling optical switch has very good figures of merits:the measured high frequency power were achieved.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2005

The oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) has been shown in pinned $[CoFe/Pt(t_{pt})/CoFe]/IrMn$ multi-layers with perpendicular anisotropy. The period of oscillation corresponds to about 2 monolayers of Pt. The oscillatory behavior of IEC depending on the nonmagnetic metallic Pt thickness is thought to be related the antiferromagnetic ordering induced by IrMn layer. Oscillatory IEC as function of insulating NiO thickness has been observed in $[Pt/CoFe]_4/NiO(t_{NiO})/[CoFe/Pt]_4$ multilayers. The effect of N (number of bilayer repeats) upon the magnetic property of [Pt/CoFe]N/IrMn is also studied.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.357-361
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• 1998

직류 및 고주파 마그네트론 스파터링 방법으로 제조한 CoZr/Ag/CoCr 삼층박막에 대해, 강자성 공명 실험을 수행하므로서 비자성층인 Ag 층의 두께변화가 CoZr층과 CoCr층 사이의 교환결합(Exchabge coupling)에 미치는 영향을 고찰했다. CoZr/Ag/CoCr 삼층박막에서 층간 결합세기(Coupling strength) K'은 Ag층의 두께가 증가함에 따라 급격히 증가하여 Ag 층의 두게가 10$\AA$일 때, 최대값 748 Oe을 보였다. Ag 층의 두께가 20~100$\AA$인 영역에서 K'은 진동하는 모습을 보이는데, 이와 같은 특성은 80Ni-Fe/Cu/Co 다층박막에 대해 H.Koizumi 등이 관측한 결과와 유사한 모습으로서, 스원인규명을 위해 지속적인 연구가 요망된다고 생각한다. 그리고, Ag층의 두께가 100$\AA$ 이상 증가하면 층간 상호작용은 0으로 수렴하는 모습이 보인다. 모든 시료에 대해 K'은 0보다 큰 특성을 보이므로, CoZr층과 CoCr층 사이의 상호작용은 강자성 결합으로 해석된다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2004

As deposited and annealed MTJs with the structure of $Ta(5 nm)/Cu(10 nm)/Ta(5 nm)/Ni_{80}Fe_{20}(2 nm)/Cu(5 nm)/ Ir_{25}Mn_{75}(10 nm)/Co_{70}Fe_{30}(2.5 nm)/Al-O/Co_{70}Fe_{30}(2.5nm)/Ni_{80}Fe_{20}(t)/Ta(5nm)/Ni_{80}Fe_{20}(t)/Ta(5 nm)$, where t=10, 30, 60 and 100 nm were characterized by XRD and magnetic hysteresis loops measurements. The XRD measurements were done in grazing incidence $(GID scan-2{\theta})$ and ${\theta}-2{\theta}$ geometry, by rocking curve $(scan-{\omega})$ and pole figures in order to establish correlation between texture and crystallites size and magnetic parameters of exchange biased and interlayer coupling. The variations of shifting and coercivity field of free and pinned layers after annealing in $300^{\circ}C$ correlate with the improvement of ［111］ texture and grains size of $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ and $Ir_{25}Mn_{75}$ respectively. The exchange biased and the coercivity fields of the pinned layer linearly increased with increasing grain size of $Ir_{25}Mn_{75}$, The reciprocal proportionality between interlayer coupling and coercivity fields of the free layer and grain size of $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ was found. The enhancement of interlayer coupling between pinned and free layers, after annealing treatment, indicates on the correlated in-phase roughness of dipolar interacting interfaces due to increase of crystallites size of $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2004년도 동계학술연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.200-201
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• 2004

The $H_{EB}$ was investigated for exchange coupling $20\;{\AA}\;Fe/x\;{\AA}\;NiO\;(type-I samples)$, $20\;{\AA}\;Fe/x\;{\AA}$ nonmagnetic layer $(MgO, Ag, Cu)/(500-x{\AA})$ NiO (type-II smaples). In type-I samples, the $H_{EB}$ is long-range coupling when looking from the point of view of the AFM. The $H_{EB}$ consistent with a generalized Meiklejohn-Bean approach. The critical thickness, which $H_{EB}$ is observed, is $130\;{\AA}$. In type-II samples, MgO layer more decouples the thin interfacial NiO from bottom NiO than other nonmagnetic layer. Nd the decoupling of Ag smallest. This means that the Ag layer has strong coupling the thin interfacial NiO with bottom NiO.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2004

Magnetic properties of $Nd_4Fe_{77.5}B_{18.5}$ compound in term of exchange coupling between $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ and $Fe_3B$ magnetic nano crystals in melt spun powders were characterized by varying the quenching speed in mass production line. The exchange coupled phenomenon was characterized as functions of nano crystal size and volume fraction of each magnetic phase which was possible by employing Henkel plot (${\delta}M$) and refined Mossbauer spectroscopy. The optimized magnetic properties obtained from the present volume production line were: $B_r= 11.73 kG,{_i}H_c/ = 3.082 kOe$, and $(BH)_{max} = 12.28 MGOe.$ The volume fraction of each magnetic phase for those conditions giving the grain size of 10 nm were ${\alpha}-Fe; 4.2%, Fe_3B; 60.1 %$, and $Nd_2Fe_{14}B; 35.7%$. The superior magnetic properties in the $Nd_2Fe_{14}Fe_3B$ based nanocomposites were confirmed to be dependant on the volume fraction of $Fe_3B$.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2002년도 동계연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.20-21
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• 2002

최근 자성 박막의 연구에 있어서 이웃한 두 자성체 층 간의 교환 상호 결합 작용(interlayer exchange coupling)은 매우 중요한 연구 분야중 하나이다. 80년대 말 처음 강한 층간 교환 상호 결합 작용이 발견된 이래로, 비자성 사이 층의 두께에 따라서 층간 교환 상호 작용이 요동하는 현상과 더불어서 소위 거대 자기 저항(giant magnetoresistance)이라고 불리는 현상의 발견은 자성 박막의 나노 시대를 열었다고 해도 과언이 아니었다. (중략)

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

The structure and magnetic properties of Fe-Ni films, deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on Si(111) wafer, have been studied. The spin wave stiffness constant is determined by Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and compared with the value obtained from magnetization measurements. The range of exchange interaction was determined as 0.4 atomic distances in the film deposited in a bias magnetic field, which is 1/2 that in the film grown in no bias magnetic field. The results show that the dimensions of exchange coupling increased by the sputtering in the magnetic field.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2005

다층박막에서 교환상호작용을 이용해서 자벽의 두께를 인위적으로 얇게 할 수 있는 시스템에 대한 이론적 근거를 제시하였다. 좁은 자벽은 국소적 교환상호작용(exchange coupling)이 존재하는 다층박막에서 구조에서 생성 가능한데, 국소적 교환상호작용이란 다층 박막 구조에 있어서 하나의 자성층 $F_2$이 박막의 전체 면적 중 국소적으로만 존재하면서 다른 자성층 $F_1$과 강한 반강자성 혹은 강자성 교환상호작용으로 결합된 구조를 의미한다. 이 구조에서는 $F_1$ 중 일부 구역만이 $F_2$와 강한 상호교환 작용을 가지기 때문에, $F_2$ 결합된 구역은 자유로운 구역과 크게 다른 스위칭 필드 값을 가지게 되므로, 두 구역의 경계 면에는 적절한 외부 자기장의 조건하에서 자벽이 생성된다. 이때 생성되는 자벽의 두께는 외부자기장과 교환상호작용 에너지에 의해 적절한 조건을 만족시킬 경우 일반적인 자구 사이에 생성되는 자벽의 두께에 비해서 매우 얇아 질 수 있다는 것을 발견하였으며, 이 사실을 micromagnetics 전산모사를 통해 확인하였다.