• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.130-132
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• 1994

We fabricated Ag ion exchange glass waveguide. Generally, ion-exchange glass waveguide. are suitable for passive integrated optical components such as directional and star couplers. Its advantages include low loss, ease of fabrication, and low material cost. So, we faricated Ag ion-exchange glass waveguides in AgNO$_3$ melt solution from 2 mole %. And we used Sodalime glass as a substrate in the fabrication process. As the results, we observed multivalent ion-exchange in a typical sodalime glass. Diffusion coefficient and depth are predicted by actual experimental data of Stewart. The exchange rate in silver-ion-exchanged waveguides are compared to the exchange time of waveguide fabrication.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigated the development of a simplified and rapid primary capture step for the recovery of M13 bacteriophage from particulate-containing feedstock. M13 bacteriophage, carrying an insert, was propagated and subsequently purified by the application of both conventional multiple steps and expanded bed anion exchange chromatography. In the conventional method, precipitation was conducted with PEG/NaCl, and centrifugation was also performed. In the single step expanded bed anion exchange adsorption, UpFront FastLine$\_$TM/20 (20mm i.d.) from UpFront Chromatography was used as the contactor, while 54$m\ell$ (H$\_$o/=15cm) of STREAMLINE DEAE (p=1.2 g/㎤) from Amersham Pharmacia Biotechnology was used as the anion exchanger. The performance of the two methods were evaluated, analysed, and compared. It was demonstrated that the purification of the M13 bacteriophage, using expanded bed anion exchange adsorption, yielded the higher recovery percentage, at 82.86％. The conventional multiple step method yielded the lower recovery percentage, 36.07％. The generic application of this integrated technique has also been assessed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.913-920
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• 2011

Distribution systems for operating the various systems should be operated organically. Distribution systems for organic operations extend the functionality of the system and system integration for the extension is doing. However, in systems integration for each unique non-standard definition of linkage and exchange systems are used. Non-standard definition of a unique linkage and exchange systems in the maintenance and expansion will result in many negative results. To solve these problems, the system and the exchange of information about the links between systems should define standards. IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) power to solve these problems in the field of the Common Information Model (Common Information Model, CIM) standard (IEC61970, IEC61968) is defined as the transmission and distribution system integration and standardization for the exchange of information. In this paper, standardized system for building CIM-based distribution automation system should describe the process of building. In addition, the process of establishing a common information model needed (CIM) defined and associated services for a defined set of models is proposed in the standardization process.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.411-417
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• 1999

The interfacial chemical behavior, lattice exchange and dissolution, of $FeS_{(S)}$ as one of the important sulfide minerals was studied. Emphases were made on the surface characterization of hydrous $FeS_{(S)}$, the lattice exchange of Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$, and its effect on the dissolution of $FeS_{(S)}$, and also affect some organic ligands on that of both Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$. Cu(II) which has lower sulfide solubility in water than $FeS_{(S)}$ undergoes the lattice exchange reaction when Cu(II) ion contacts $FeS_{(S)}$ in the aqueous phase. For heavy metals which have higher sulfide solubilities in water than $FeS_{(S)}$, these metal ions were adsorbed on the surface of $FeS_{(S)}$. Such a reaction was interpreted by the solid solution formation theory. Phthalic acid(a weak chelate agent) and EDTA(a strong chelate agent) were used to demonstrate the effect of organic lignads on the lattice exchange reaction between Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$. The $pH_{zpc}$ of $FeS_{(S)}$ is 7 and the effect of ionic strength is not showed. It can be expected that phthalic acid has little effect on the lattice exchange reaction between Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$. whereas EDTA has very decreased the removal of Cu(II) and $FeS_{(S)}$. This study shows that stability of sulfide sediments was predicted by its solubility. The pH control of the alkaline-neutralization process to treat heavy metal in wastewater treatment process did not needed. Thereby, it was regarded as an optimal process which could apply to examine a long term stability of marshland closely in the treatment of heavy metal in wastewater released from a disussed mine.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2011

The vortex-driven magnetization process of micron-sized, exchange-coupled square elements with composition of $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ (12 nm)/$Ir_{20}Mn_{80}$ (5 nm) is investigated. The exchange-bias is introduced by field-cooling through the blocking temperature (TB) of the system, whereby Landau-shaped vortex states of the $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ layer are imprinted into the $Ir_{20}Mn_{80}$. In the case of zero-field cooling, the exchange-coupling at the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interface significantly enhances the vortex stability by increasing the nucleation and annihilation fields, while reducing coercivity and remanence. For the field-cooled elements, the hysteresis loops are shifted along the cooling field axis. The loop shift is attributed to the imprinting of displaced vortex state of $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ into $Ir_{20}Mn_{80}$, which leads to asymmetric effective local pinning fields at the interface. The asymmetry of the hysteresis loop and the strength of the exchange-bias field can be tuned by varying the strength of cooling field. Micromagnetic modeling reproduces the experimentally observed vortex-driven magnetization process if the local pinning fields induced by exchange-coupling of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers are taken into account.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1545-1550
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• 2022

In this research, a method for minimizing the replacement time of AMR (Autonomous Mobile Robot), which is used in various industrial groups such as logistics and manufacturing, was studied in the event of a LiDAR failure. In this regard, a general LiDAR exchange process was defined and a new exchange process based on the newly designed jig, which is mounted on the AMR, for the quick change of LiDAR was proposed. The experiment is conducted using commercialized AMR which was developed for application in the factory of an automobile manufacturing company. It was confirmed that LiDAR can be replaced and aligned within 24 minutes when the new exchange process is employed, which is about 76% or more shorter than the general LiDAR exchange process. As a result, we can minimize AMR downtime and overall process delays by applying the proposed process.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.95-107
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• 2020

The study investigates the asymmetric effect of exchange rate changes on stock prices in Vietnam. We use the nonlinear autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) analysis for monthly data from 2001:01 to 2018:05, based on VN-Index stock price collected from Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE); the nominal exchange rate is separated into currency depreciation and appreciation through a partial sum decomposition process. Asymmetry is estimated both in the long-run relationship and the short-run error correction mechanism. The research results show that the effect of exchange rate changes on stock prices is asymmetrical, both in the short run and in long run. Accordingly, the stock prices react to different levels to depreciation and appreciation. However, the currency appreciation affects a stronger transmission of stock prices when compared to the long-run currency depreciation. In the absence of asymmetry, the exchange rate only has a short-run impact on stock prices. This implies a symmetrical assumption that underestimates the impact of exchange rate changes on stock prices in Vietnam. This study points to an important implication for regulators in Vietnam. They should consider the relationship between exchange rate changes and stock prices in both the long run and the short run to manage the stock and foreign exchange market.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 1989

$Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange process in sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from mesenteric arteries of Wistar-Kyoto normotensive(WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) was investigated. The sarcolemmal fractions isolated after homogenization and sucrose density gradient centrifugation were enriched with 5'-nucleotidase and ouabain sensitive, $K^+-dependent$ phosphatase activities. When the vesicles were loaded with $Na^+$, a time dependent $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was observed. However, very little $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was observed when the vesicles were loaded with $K^+$, or $Ca^{2+}$ uptake of the $Na^+-loaded$ vesicles was carried out in high sodium medium so that there was no sodium gradient. When the vesicles loaded with $Ca^{2+}$ by $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange were diluted into potassium medium containing EGTA, $Ca^{2+}$ was rapidly released from the vesicles. $Na^+-dependent\;Ca^{2+}$ uptake was increased in SHR compared to WKY, but passive efflux of preaccumulated $Ca^{2+}$ from the vesicles was decreased in SHR. The data indicate that the membrane vesicles of rat mesenteric arteries exhibit $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange activity. It is also suggested that changes of this process in vascular smooth muscle cell membrane of SHR may be involved in higher intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and higher basal tone in SHR.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.121-125
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• 2002

Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTSS (ATCC 5396S) can break organo sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene. Since the environment for biodesulfurization process is invariably hydrophobic, parameters in hydrophobic systems should be examined. For the model oil, hexadecane-containing 5.43mM dibenzothiophene, the volumetric desulfurization rate was decreased with the oil-to-aqueous phase ratio up to 50%. The rate declined sharply after 48h because the cell activity, which is refreshed by medium exchange, was lost. To supply the exhausted nutrients, medium exchange was performed. At 30% oil phase, most of DBT was removed by medium exchange on 48h, and the rate was 2.03mg $DBT_{removed}/L_{dispersion}-hr.$ At 50% oil phase, medium exchange on 60h was performed and the rate was 1.79mg $DBT_{removed}/L_{dispersion}-hr.$ The 300mL flask system was scaled up to a 5-L bioreactor system. On 60 h, a medium exchange was performed and the rate was 5.28mg $DBT_{removed}/L_{dispersion}-hr.$ and all of DBT was removed. It means that we can use the biodesulfurization process even 10 the high oil-to-water phase by some appropriate methods such as controlled feeding of key nutrients and the dilution or removal of some toxic metabolites by continuous reactor.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.675-679
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• 2002

To produce a strengthened glass, single ion exchange properties such as three-point bend strength and residual stress were investigated in soda-lime-silicate substrate glass for display use. The present work showed that the maximum value of strength was 62.5${\times}$10$\sub$6/ kg/㎡ after, the two-step single ion exchange process at 470$^{\circ}C$ for 1 h and 450$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. As the result of the fracture analysis after bending test, the residual stress on the fractured surface of the strengthened glass increased the flexibility by means of absorbing the elastic deformation energy in the glass. Also, the effects of absorbing the elastic deformation energy were analysed by curvature change, number of multiple crack branches and brittleness.