• 소성∙가공
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.475-481
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• 2014

Water quenching is one method of cooling after hot forming, which is presently being used for the manufacturing of automobile parts. The formed parts at room temperature are heated and then cooled rapidly in a water bath to produce high strength. The formed parts may undergo excessive thermal distortion during the water quench. In order to predict the distortion during water quenching, a coupled thermo-mechanical simulation is needed. In the current study, the simulation of heating and cooling of boron steel cylinders was performed. The material properties for the simulation were calculated from JMatPro, and the convective heat transfer coefficient was obtained from experimental tests. The results show that the thermal distortion and the residual stresses are well predicted by the coupled simulation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.108-127
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• 2000

Hot leg break LBLOCA(Large Break LOCA) had a potential to be a containment maximum pressure accident in YGN3&4, which was induced from excessive conservatism in the CE analysis methodology of mass and energy release. This study conducted mass and energy release experiment for the hot leg break LBLOCA during post blowdown with an integral test facility, SNUF(Seoul National University Facility). This facility simulated YGN 3&4 with volume ratio of 1/1140 based on Ishii's three level scaling. Experiment showed that SI(Safety Injection) water refilled cold leg first and core later. SI water was vaporized in the core, which resulted in the repressurization of reactor. This increase of pressure drove the water in cold leg to flow up half height of U tubes. However, since the water was drained back soon, the release through the SG side broken section by evaporation was negligibly small. This study also provided experimental assessment of RELAP5 results by KAERI for the release through the SG side broken section.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.570-577
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• 1994

The loss of water in the carbon steel balls and water region of the end shield for CANDU 6 reactor could lead to significant temperature gradient through the end shield structure which amy result in the excessive deformation. With an assumed end shield drained scenario, the heat deposition rates were calculated through the end shield associated with the central fuel channel during full power operation as an initial step to thermal stress analysis. The drained case was compared with that of water present normal case in therms of heat deposition rater and the total heating throughout the end shield regions. The compared results show that the heat deposition and the total heating remain almost the same between the two cases. It was found that the change of volume integrated flux in the end shield regions due to the loss of water contribute a negligible effect on the heat deposition in this region.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2018

The river water source of Saidabad Surface Water Treatment Plant at Dhaka, Bangladesh, is deteriorated too much to be treated by conventional treatment process due to excessive ammonia pollution. In order to improve the raw water quality before it enters into the main treatment chain, a pilot study was conducted for pre-treatment of the raw water. The objective is to investigate the rate of reduction of ammonia using the Meteor pilot, a biological pretreatment system, which is a laboratory scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor with a nominal volume of hundred liters, filled with 50 L of Meteor 660 media. The reduction of ammonia was quite significant on average 73%, while the reduction of COD was in a range from 20 to 60%. The Meteor pilot was able to treat and nitrify the raw water and produce an effluent that respects the guarantee of ammonia < $4.0mg\;NH_3-N/L$ when the raw water ammonia concentration was < $15mg\;NH_3-N/L$. The study identified operating parameters necessary to achieve the desired goal of adequate ammonia removal. The study results would benefit a range of systems across the country by providing guidance on the design and operation of a biological pre-treatment system for ammonia removal.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.148-151
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: There are few studies on the impacts of hydrophytes on water quality, so there is a need to research the effects of death of hydrophytes on the worsening of water quality. This study aimed to monitor the effects of Trapa japonica death on reservoir water quality.METHODS AND RESULTS: T.japonica shows the life cycle that highest growth in summer and rapid death in fall decomposing their body in general. T.japonica contains comparatively large portion of nutrients and minerals. Through the field survey using Mesocosm to identify the effects of excessive population of T.japonica on water quality, the water quality of plots planted T.japonica is gradually worse compared with the control plot. And the result of Wilcoxon-test also shows that the negative effect of T.japonica on water quality with significant (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: It is necessary to control the population growth of T.japonica in order to prevention of water pollution in fall.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2008

The Philippine government enacted the National Water Crisis Act in 1995, as a response to the burgeoning situation of water supply systems in the country. This act led to the privatization of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), sector having jurisdiction and control over all waterworks and sewerage systems in a service area including Metro Manila. Nowadays, the region's supply of water is still facing a lot of difficulties, both in quality and quantity. The unabated migration of people to the metro which increases its population, tapping from the aged pipelines, lack of water facilities and infrastructure, excessive groundwater withdrawal, environmental degradation, and surface and groundwater pollution are some of the issues that Metro Manila have to deal with. These situations lead to two primary water supply issues suffered by Metro Manila: water shortage and flooding. The purpose of this paper was to present water supply in Metro Manila with respect to the problems in its distribution, environmental implications and quality. In this paper, several technical reports, published literature, and news articles were consulted and became the major basis for identifying gaps and suggesting remedial measures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2001

Obejective : Based on ${\ll}$sixty-ninth Nan${\gg}$ (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$六十九難${\gg}$) the interpromoting of the five element's balance method to discuss following 'when deficiency than should strengthen mother and when excessive than eliminate son' theories. Method : This strengthening and eliminating method is based on Jang-bu organ's balance method when 'east is excessive (liver excessive (肝實 )) and west is deficiency (lung deficiency (肺虛))' then 'eliminate the south and strengthen the north's method. Results : The seventy-fifth Nan (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$七十五難${\gg}$) explains' son effects mother's excessive and mother effects son's deficiency' theory where it balance method of the inter-overacting five elements controlling Jang-bu organ's differentiations. The eighty-first Nan (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$八十一難${\gg}$) explains strengthening-eliminating method of 'lung excessive and liver deficiency.' Since there are two different perspective of seventy-fifth and eighty-first Nan, we must compare and discuss to make right point of view. Conclusion : the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung sixty ninth nan${\gg}$ could be understood as a view of five element constitutional theory (五行體質理論), the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung seventyty-fifth nan${\gg}$ of eleminating fire and strengthning water in case of liver excess and lung defficiency and the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung eighty-first nan${\gg}$ of strengthning liver and eleminating lung in case of lung excess and liver defficiency could be understood as a view of the yin-yan constitutional theory (陰陽體質理論).

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 1992

토양수분(土壤水分)의 상태(狀態)가 콩의 지하부(地上部) 및 뿌리의 생육(生育)과 P, K흡수(吸收)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보기 위하여 강수(降水)가 차단(遮斷)된 비닐하우스 내(內)에서 지하수위(地下水位)를 20cm, 40cm 그리고 60cm로 조절(調節)된 상태(狀態)의 mini-rhyzotron에서 팔달콩을 재배(栽培)하였다. 이와 비교(比較)하기 위하여 1/2000a Wagner 포트에서 단장용수량(團場容水量)으로 유지(維持)된 적습상태(適濕狀態)와 유효수분(有效水分)의 80%가 소모(消耗)되어 토양수분(土壤水分)이 부족(不足)한 상태(狀態)를 비교(比較)하였다. 각 포트에 발아(發芽)된 콩을 심어 세 개씩의 개체(個體)를 재배(栽培)하여 재배(栽培) 37일(日) 째와 수확기(收穫期)에 식물체(植物體)의 지상부(地上部) 및 뿌리를 채취(採取)하여 분석(分析)하였다. 지상부(地上部) 및 뿌리의 생육(生育)은 토양수분(土壤水分)이 부족(不足)한 처리(處理)와 지하수위(地下水位)가 20cm로 높아 과습상태(過濕狀態)가 유지(維持)된 처리(處理)에서 제한(制限)되었다. 적습유지(適濕維持) 처리(處理)와 지하수위(地下水位) 및 60cm 유지(維持) 처리(處理) 간(間)에는 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 생육초기(生育初期)에 식물체(植物體) 지상부(地上部)의 P 및 K의 함량(含量)은 토양수분(土壤水分)이 부족(不足)한 처리(處理)에서 적습유지(適濕維持) 처리(處理)에서보다 높았으며, 후기(後期)에는 적습유지(適濕維持) 처리(處理)에서 높았다. 전체(全體) 흡수량(吸水量)은 건물중(乾物重)이 많은 적습유지(適濕維持) 처리(處理)에서 많았다. 뿌리의 건물중(乾物重)과 길이는 지상부(地上部)보다 더 크게 영향(影響)을 받았다. 토양수분(土壤水分)의 상태(狀態)의 차이(差異)에 의하여 뿌리의 형태해부학적(形態解副學的) 차이(差異)가 있음이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 적습유지(適濕維持) 처리(處理)에서는 정상적(正常的)인 치밀(緻密)한 cortex조직(組織)이 발달(發達)되었으나, 지하수위(地下水位)가 높아 토양수분(土壤水分)이 과다(過多)한 상태(狀態)에서 생육(生育)한 뿌리에서는 비정상적(非正常的)인 cortex조직(組織)에 aerenchyma가 형성(形成)되었다. Aerenchma는 내초(內梢)의 분열조직(分裂組織) 부근을 중심(中心)으로 형성(形成)되었다. 이 시험조건(試驗條件)에서 발견(發見)된 콩의 뿌리에서 aerenchyuma의 형성(形成)은 과다(過多)한 토양수분(土壤水分) 조건(條件)에 대한 콩 식물체(植物體)의 적응성(適應性)의 하나로 판단(判斷)되며, 우리나라에서 논뚝과 같이 토양수분(土壤水分)이 과다(過多)한 조건(條件)에서 콩의 재배(栽培)가 가능(可能)한 이유(理由) 중(中)의 하나로 보아진다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2002

Land application of manure compost is considered one of the widely-used animal waste management practices. Many livestock farms adopt composting for their animal waste disposal and apply the compost to crop fields. While standard rates have been established based on researches with respect to land application of manure compost recently, there have been few discussions on water quality impact of the application. Water quality impact should be taken into account in land applications of manure compost. In this study, management practices were proposed based on the investigation of water quality of leachate from manure compost under rainfall simulation, field studies, and monitoring runoff water quality from farm fields after land application of animal waste. The concentrations of major water quality parameters of the leachate were significantly high, whereas those of runoff from soils after tillage for soil incorporation, were not affected by the application based on a series of experiments. Runoff water from farm fields after land application also showed high concentrations of pollutants. Appropriate management practices should be employed to minimize pollutant loading from manure applied fields. Proposed major management practices include 1) application of recommended amounts, 2) proper tillage for complete soil and manure incorporation, 3) field management to prevent excessive soil erosion, 4) complete diversion of inflow into the field from outside, 5) implementation of vegetative buffer strips near boundaries, and 6) prevention of direct discharge of runoff water front fields Into streams.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.582-590
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• 2019

Currently, the waterfront facility was constructed in New Songdo City, South Korea. It has the various water leisure areas and especially an artificial urban canal with filtered seawater by re-circulating flow system. However, due to excessive amount of nutrients from seawater combined with complicated geometry, it is highly vulnerable to deterioration of water quality. In this study, flow characteristics and pollutant transport were analyzed with comprehensive numerical models, MIKE 3 FM and ECO-lab. Based on these numerical results, notable sampling points were selected for field measurements and comparison between modeling and measured results were conducted. In addition, the integrated water quality evaluation index, Water Quality Index was applied to analyze various water quality issues. We also set up scenarios to control the two kinds of water quality factors, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total phosphorus (TP). As a result, the effect of 20% reduction of TP was less than 10% and it was almost ineffective for a year but it was reduced by up to 40% in case of scenario which DO is increased by 20%. Therefore, it was recommended to control the DO concentration, usually by applying re-aeration facility, rather than TP in artificial urban canal with seawater.