• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 1996

Food intake of birds can be affected by particle size as well as diet composition, In order to investigate whether food intake of diets including excessive amount of phenyalanine(Phe) was influenced by diet types. a series of experiments were conducted in growing chicks and laying hens. Growing chicks significantly decreased food intake in a semipurified excessive Phe diet compared with a semipurified control diet, while laying hens fed a practical diet including excess Phe did not significantly reduce their food intake over a corn starch-substituted control diet. In an attempt to find out whether diet type affects food intake in layers, the semipurified type diet with excess Phe greatly reduced food ingestion, but the effect was delayed in the practical type diet. Moreover, under choice feeding regimes between the Phe and either starch, tyrosine(Tyr) or fiber diets in order to investigate whether the decreased food intake in the presence of an excess of dieary Phe in laying hens is involved in the palatability for the diet, there was no significant difference between Phe and starch diet while a preference for the Phe diet tended to be increased when birds were offered Tyr. Laying hens ingested significantly more the Phe diet than the fiber diet within 1 h after feeding. For supporting the idea that preference for the Phe diet may be affected by manipulating taste sense, an anaesthetic or saline was intramuscularly administered under the tongue just before a choice feeding. Preference for the Phe diet was not significantly different from that for the fiber reference diet within 1 h in the anaesthetized birds while the birds preferred the Phe diet in the saline treated group. It is suggested that because birds are able to select a diet, the decreased food intake induced by dietary excess Phe may be due to the repulsive effect of Phe after ingestion but not the taste of Phe.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1970

The effects of excess salt ingestion or/and a prolonged electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus on the arterial blood pressure were studied in cats. The average mean arterial pressure determined in 12 control animals were $112.2{\pm}2.6\;mmHg$. In 15 animals in which 2% NaCl solution (2g/Kg of body wegight/day) was given for 20 days, average mean arterial pressure elevated to $147.7{\pm}6.1\;mmHg$. It was also found in four of them that salt-induced high blood pressure started to decline when salt solution was replaced by tap water. On the other hand, No change in average mean arterial pressure was observed in 10 animals, whose hypothalamus had been electrically stimulated for 28 days. In 11 animals in which the hypothalamus was stimulated with simultaneous excess salt ingestion for 20 days, there was a marked elevation in average mean arterial pressure which, however, does not significantly differ from that observed in excess salt ingested group. From the results obtained from the present experiment, it is concluded that 1) the hypertension is induced by an excess salt ingestion in cats, 2) the mean arterial pressure of cats is not affected at least by an increment of sympathetic tone for 4 weeks resulting from the electrical stimulation of posterior area of the hypothalamus, 3) in sodium·induced high blood pressure cats, four weeks of increment in sympathetic tone by the hypothalamic stimulation does not further elevate mean arterial pressure.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.176-182
• /
• 2016

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze the characteristic of heart rate variability(HRV) changes between Deficiency Pattern and Excess Pattern in Stroke Patients admitted to the hospital. Methods : We measured heart rate variability of stroke patients who were admitted to the Department of Korean Internal medicine, Stroke and Neurological Disorders Center from February 1, 2015 to May 30, 2016. We recruited a total of 28 stroke patients and heart rate variability tests were performed on the first day of admission, 2weeks after admission, and 4 weeks after admission. Results : VLF and LF/HF ratio significantly increased over time in Deficiency Pattern group compared with those in the Excess Pattern group. Conclusions : This results suggest that the parasympathetic function of Deficiency Pattern group is lower than that of the Excess Pattern group, resulting in imbalance of the autonomic nervous system.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.144-148
• /
• 2017

The effects of an excess of Bi on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of $0.60Bi_{1+x}FeO_3-0.40BaTiO_3$ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) were investigated. The ceramics were processed through a conventional solid state reaction method and then quenched after sintering at different temperatures in the range of $980{\sim}1070^{\circ}C$. A single perovskite structure without any secondary phase was confirmed for all compositions and temperatures. It was found that excess Bi reduced the sintering temperatures, acted as a sintering aid and enhanced the properties in combination with quenching. Curie temperature ($T_C$) was found to slightly increase due to the presence of excess Bi; electrical properties were also improved by quenching. At x = 0.03 and $1030^{\circ}C$, remnant polarization ($2P_r$) was as high as $45.4{\mu}C/cm^2$ and strain at 40 kV/cm was up to 0.176 %.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2012

Massive weight loss results in skin excess, leading to an unsatisfying body contour. Various thigh lift procedures can correct flabby skin in the lower leg. We present a lower body contouring technique with a report on two patients. The procedure is determined by the body contour of the patient. As the skin excess in the thigh area tended to appear mostly on the medial side, a vertical medial thigh lift was considered. Moreover, for patients with a pear/guitar-shaped body contour, we added the spiral thigh lift for skin excess in the buttocks and the lateral thigh area. The extent of tissue to excise was determined by pinching the patient in a standing position. The inferior skin flap was fixed to non-movable tissue, which was helpful for lifting the tissue and preventing the widening of the scar. After the operation, a drain was kept for 3 to 4 days. A compressive garment was used after removing the drain. There were no complications. The patients were discharged 6 to 8 days after the operation. In conclusion, skin excess, especially in the lower body, can be corrected by a thigh lift combining several procedures, varying from person to person.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제27권12호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2011

강한 지진 발생 시 뒤채움내의 과잉간극수압의 증가에 의해 지반이 액상화 되었을 때, 주변의 액상화 지반보다 작은 단위중량을 가진 지중 매설구조물은 부상하는 현상이 발생한다. 뒤채움에서의 과잉간극수압의 증가와 지중 매설 구조물 부상량의 관계를 설명하기 위해 동적 원심모형 실험을 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는, 매설구조물의 부상현상에 영향을 미치는 요인으로써 직접요인과 간접요인이 실험에 고려되었다. 이러한 요인들 중에, 과잉간극수압비의 증가에 영향을 주는 중요한 요인은 직접요인으로써의 지하수위, 뒤채움의 상대밀도, 그리고 입력 지진가속도의 크기이다. 그리고 이 요인들은 지중 매설구조물의 부상량에도 크게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 1988

본 연구는 소음전파에 대한 옥외실험과 축적 음향모형실험에 의해서 지표면에 의한 초과감쇠 특징을 밝힌 것으로써, 옥외실험에 의한 소음전파감쇠는 음향출력이 큰 소형엔진을 사용하여, 거리감쇠로부터 산출한 실측의 초과감쇠와 Log(D/(Hs+Hr))의 관계를 확인했다. 그 결과 소음전파감쇠는 풍향, 주파수에 따라 다르며 직선회귀 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 지표면상의 초과감쇠치는 통기저항을 이용해서 Log(D/Hs+Hr))을 파라미터로써 구할 수 있었고, 가장 적당한 통기저항$\sigma$는 실측의 초과감쇠치와 임의의 $\sigma$에 대한 $L=-20Log\mid1+(r_1/r_2)Qexp(ik, \bigtriangleup r)\mid$ 식의 평균자승 오차가 가장 적어질 때 결정된다. 모형의 지표로써 축척 1/40의 모형실험으로, 큰 무향실내에서 거리감쇠의 측정을 한 결과, 실측치와의 대응이 충분하다는 것을 확인했다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제42권9호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 실제 아파트 환경에서 2000번의 주파수 응답에 의한 통계적 UWB 실내 채널 모델을 연구하였다. 측정은 서로 다른 방, 서로 다른 위치에서 이루어 졌으며, 실험 결과를 통해 채널의 전파특성을 이론적으로 설명하였다. Time-domain상에서 측정할 수 있는 channel impulse response (CIR)와 frequency-domain상에서 측정할 수 있는 channel transfer function (CTF) 측정방법을 제안하였다. 측정데이터를 통해서 CIR과 CTF를 비교하여 분석하였고, 통계적 경로손실 모델 또한 제안하였다. 신호 대역은 10MHz에서 8.010Hz까지 사용하였다. 측정결과를 통해 time-domain상에서 확인할 수 있는 maximum excess delay, mean excess delay, ms delay spread를 나타내었다. 송신기와 수신기에는 전방향의 biconical 안테나를 사용하였다. 또한 제안된 아파트 환경에서의 채널 모델은 UMB용 안테나 특성이 포함된 결과이다.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.37-62
• /
• 2017

To analyze the effects of R&D expenditure on the firm value of Korean firms, we classified portfolios based on R&D activity levels. After that, we conducted a time-series analysis to assess excess returns from the portfolios. To carry out such an analysis, an empirical analysis of excess returns in the capital market was performed by using the monthly earning rate of stocks from 2000 to 2013. The purpose of this research is to provide basic data on investment to stakeholders in the capital market by analyzing the effects of R&D on the firm value and to overcome scholarly limitations by offering a new model of analysis. The criteria for classifying the portfolios were based on R&D expenditure levels. The analysis models follow the Fama-French Three-Factor Model and the Carhart Four-Factor Model. The analyses results are as follows. Extrapolating monthly profit rates based on R&D expenditure levels, portfolios with low R&D expenditures showed higher earning rates than those with high R&D expenditures. This suggests that high R&D expenditures did not translate into high earning rates. The investor depreciates the R&D expenditures related profitability and the possibility of success in the market, leading to falls in stock prices and a failure to give a positive effect on the firm value. Our research differs from the previous investigations as we carried out an empirical analysis based on the actual investors' attitudes about R&D expenditures and how these can generate excess earnings. Our research results show that the data related to R&D expenditure are not reflected fully in the market.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.411-423
• /
• 2002

유출에 대한 신속하고 정확한 예측은 수문 및 수자원 분야에 있어서 궁극적인 목표 중의 하나이며, 우리나라와 같이 강우에 대한 유출의 응답이 짧은 시간에 발생하는 경우에 무엇보다도 중요하다. 따라서, 토지이용변화 등에 의한 유출의 변화 및 감시를 포함하는 유역내의 수문 변수의 변화를 적절하게 고려할 수 있는 분포형 자료를 선호하게 된다. 이때 분포형 모형을 적용시키기 위해서는 강우의 공간특성을 알아야 하며, 각 격자별 강우량이 입력자료로 활용되어 각 격자별 유출특성을 파악하게 된다. Landsat TM 자료를 이용할 경우 분포형 모형을 위한 유역 내에 관련된 인자 및 식생, 토지피복 등의 자세한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 SCS의 유출곡선번호(CN)에 의한 방법을 이용하여 유효우량도를 작성하여 신속하게 유출의 감시가 가능하도록 하는 기법에 대하여 검토하였다. 호우시에 있어서 유효우량에 대한 시계열 자료는 본 기법을 통하여 분포형태로서 계산i과 수 있으며, 이 결과는 분포형 유출모형을 이용하여 유역 출구에서의 수문곡선을 산정할 수 있다.