• Title/Summary/Keyword: exceptive

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A Semantics of Exceptive Constructions in Korean and English. (한국어 및 영어의 제외구문의 의미분석: 자유제외구문을 중심으로)

  • 윤재학
    • Language and Information
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2002
  • This paper examines existing approaches to exceptive constructions, which typically serve to maintain the use of universal quantifiers by diminishing the domain quantified over. It places a particular focus on constructions involving Korean oyey, Dutch behalve, and English apart from, other than, and aside from. These lexical items all share an interesting semantic property that they mean either 'except' or 'besides' depending upon their linguistic contexts, but they have largely been ignored in the literature of exceptive constructions. An observation is made that the two meanings of the ambiguous exceptive words are in complementary distribution with respect to types of quantifiers and that they are not an isolated fact. Based on this, a unifying formal semantic analysis is attempted for the constructions.

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Semantics of exceptives oyey and pakkey in Korean

  • Yeom, Jae-Il
    • Language and Information
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.55-80
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, I show how oyey 'except' and pakkey 'but' in Korean are semantically different from but/except in English. The exceptive oyey is attached only to a definite NP and shows no restriction on the NP that it is associated with. The referent of the NP is removed from either the restrictor, or nuclear scope, of the associated NP, also giving rise to two different inferences about the exception phrase. The inferences are based on the condition that an expression should make a non-trivial meaning contribution in a sentence. The complement of oyey is really taken to be an exception in one interpretation, but not in the other. The exceptive pakkey is assumed to be a NPI. It does not require a phrase that a pakkey-phrase is associated with. It can be attached to any type of phrases, including a NP. Attached to a full phrase, it is interpreted as a scalar item. Its core meaning contribution is to remove weaker alternatives from the scalar set locally. For a general interpretation, the other meanings are captured globally. A pakkey-phrase with a demonstrative has a conjunctive meaning, and it can be analyzed like oyey in one of the two interpretations.

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Driver's Protection Method of Ambulance Car Accident (응급구조 교통사고에 대한 운전자의 보호방안)

  • Park, Hi-Jin;Kwon, Hayrran;Lee, Young-Hyun
    • The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2000
  • Exceptive clause of ambulance stated in Road Traffic Laws of ambulance car accidents is not properly applied and emergency staffs who transfer over 85% of emergency cases are to be forced to start out to the emergency field with unstable conditions which they may be punished on the criminal and civil laws. Hereby this study makes the following suggestions to activate the duties of transferring emergency cases by emergency staffs, promote their morale and diminish the victim of emergency staffs due to traffic accidents. 1) It is prescribed that ambulance car drivers should be protected legally by applying the exceptive clauses thoroughly regulated in special case clauses because ambulance cars are used for the purpose of saving the human life. 2) On the traffic accidents occurred during the transfer of emergency cases, the special insurance system is created for treating the ambulance car accidents, not to bind the emergency staff's mistake to traffic law and the victims are compensated by the nation on the basis of insurance system and emergency staffs have the systematic security. 3) On the road over six lanes, emergency lane is set on the center and ambulance car should be used as the exclusive lane. 4) Ambulance car drivers must have the habit of transferring emergency cases rapidly within the range of legal operation.

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An improved catalog of oxygen-rich AGB stars

  • Kwon, Young-Joo;Suh, Kyung-Won
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.80.2-80.2
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    • 2010
  • We have made an improved catalog of O-rich AGB stars in our Galaxy from the sources listed in the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) point source catalog (PSC). We compile the lists of previous works with various verifying processes. We have removed 115 stars from the previous catalog of Suh & Kwon (2009) and added 958 more stars. The improved catalog contains 3036 O-rich AGB stars. The content of the revised catalog can be divided into 3 groups based on the verifying processes: OH/IR stars, SiO maser stars, and other detecting methods. We compare the new catalog with the previous catalog on the infrared two-color diagrams for the large sample of O-rich AGB stars. And we discuss differences among the 3 groups of the improved catalog and identification processes of some stars in exceptive cases.

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The Relation between Program Satisfactions and Leadership -Types of Who Participating in the Programs of Village Lifelong Education Leaders- (마을평생교육지도자 양성과정 참여자의 특성에 따른 리더십유형과 프로그램 만조도와의 상관관계)

  • Kim, Nam Sun
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.177-217
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between Program Satisfaction and the leadership types of who participating in the program of village lifelong education leader. The detail goals of this study are to (1) understand the concepts about the training program of village lifelong education leader. (2) study the theory related to the leadership of village lifelong education leader. (3) examine the relation between program satisfaction and leadership types by personal characteristics. The results of this study are as follows: First, there is the significant difference between the transactional leadership and the exceptive management leadership which is the transactional leadership's sub-type in age. Second, there is the significant difference between the exceptive management leadership which transactional leadership's sub-type and charisma leadership that is transformational leadership's sub-type by participated in or not the lifelong education program before. Third, the average value of the transformational leadership is more higher than the transactional leader's average value. Fourth. the ranking of the transformational leaders' activities are as follows; (1) individual relationship (2) spiritual motivation (3) intelligence stimulus (4) charisma. Fifth, the ranking of the transactional leader's activities are as follows; (1) reward to achievement (2) exceptional management.

On the Pharyngela Bones and Their Teeth in Korean CYPRINIDS Fishes (한국산 잉어과 어류의 인두골과 인두치(제 1 보))

  • 양홍준
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 1963
  • The characteristics of the pharyngeal bones and their teeth in Korean Cyprinids fishes, as a rule, are summarized as follow : 1. The materials 13 genera and 17 species from Nak Dong River. 2. Breadth of bone about 2.8(Cyprinus carpio) to 4.9(Culter brevicauda) in bone length. Length of bone about 8.5(Carassius carassius ) to 20.2 (Pseudogobio esocinus ) in body length. Breadth of pitted surface about 66%(Carassius carassius) to 85%(Acanthorhodeus asmussi ) of breadth of bone. 3. The position and distinct ratio of anterior angle correlated. 4. Posterior limb always longer than anteriro, but posterior edentulous process not shorter than anterior's or equal. 5. Zacco platypus with pitted surface on anterior limb , but Z.temmincki without it. 6. Teeth one to three rowed in accordance with the differences of each genus : a. one rowed genera ..... Carassius , Pseudorasbora, Sarcocheilichthys (Sakiyae), Pungtungia, Acheilognathus, Acanthorhodeus. b. two rowed genera ........ Pseudogobio, Gnathopogon, Tribolodon. c. Three rowed genera .... Cyprinus, Hemibarbus, Zacco , Culter 7. Teeth of main (primary ) row with four or five teeth is symmetrized exceptive three genera (Tribolodon, Zacco, Culter). 8. Grinding surface and bill type correlated. 9. In Acheilognathus, A.Yamatsutae have one or two indistinct serration but each individual is unlike.

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The Feasibility of Reciprocal Health Care Agreements between South Korea and Australia (상호의료협약에 대한 고찰 -호주와 한국의 상호의료협약 가능성을 중심으로-)

  • Lee, Hyo-Young;Park, Eun-Ok
    • The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.225-237
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    • 2017
  • Objectives : This study reviews the feasibility of Reciprocal Health Care Agreements (RHCA) between South Korea and Australia. Methods : A literature review was conducted using government reports and media articles. Results : In Australia, the Health Insurance Act enables health care agreements with other nations, but Korea has no similar legislation in place. Therefore, Korea must build a broader consensus on the need for RHCA, based on the precedent of Australia's RHCA with 11 nations, as well as on the Korean Pension Act, which has made reciprocal pension agreements with 28 nations through an exceptive clause. The active government involvement of the Ministry of Health and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Australia, and the Ministry of Health & Welfare and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Korea, are essential for a successful RHCA process. Conclusions : RHCA between Australia and Korea would constitute a significant step forward in strengthening people-to-people links between these two trading partners in the spirit of health diplomacy.

Automatic Generation Method of Road Data based on Spatial Information (공간정보에 기반한 도로 데이터 자동생성 방법)

  • Joo, In-Hak;Choi, Kyoung-Ho;Yoo, Jae-Jun;Hwang, Tae-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Hun
    • Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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    • v.4 no.2 s.8
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 2002
  • VEfficient generation of road data is one of the most important issues in GIS (Geographic Information System). In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for automatic generation of road data by combining mobile mapping and image processing techniques. Mobile mapping systems have a form of vehicle equipped with CCD camera, GPS, and INS. They can calculate absolute position of objects that appear in acquired image by photogrammetry, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Automatic road detection methods have been studied also by image processing technology. However, the methods are likely to fail because of obstacles and exceptive conditions in the real world. To overcome the problems, we suggest a hybrid method for automatic road generation, by exploiting both GPS/INS data acquired by mobile mapping system and image processing algorithms. We design an estimator to estimate 3-D coordinates of road line and corresponding location in an image. The estimation process reduces complicated image processing operations that find road line. The missing coordinates of road line due to failure of estimation are obtained by cubic spline interpolation. The interpolation is done piecewise, separated by rapid change such as road intersection. We present experimental results of the suggested estimation and interpolation methods with image sequences acquired by mobile mapping system, and show that the methods are effective in generation of road data.

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Effects of Some Soil Conditioners on Soil Physical Properties and Lettuce Growth (토양구조개선제(土壤構造改善劑) 처리(處理)가 토양물리성(土壤物理性)과 상추생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Ryu, In-Soo;Han, Jeung-Lim;Jo, In-Sang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 1995
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some soil conditioners, such as polyacrylamide(PAM), polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and Bitumen emulsion, on aggregate formation and stability, wetting angle, sorptivity and penetrability of the soil with different textures : sand, sandy loam, loam and clay loam. A pot experiment was carried out to find out the effect of treatment on the germination and growth of lettuce with three textures : sand, sandy loam and silt loam. Soil aggregates larger than 2mm in untreated soils at dry condition were naught in sand, 45% in sandy loam, 80% in loam and 90% in clay loam. Treatments of soil conditioners tended to increase the occurrence of soil aggregate larger than 2mm, which were 20~25% in sand, 55~75% sandy loam, but not affected greatly aggragate occurence in loam and clay loam. The aggregate instability was decreased by the soil conditioner treatment. The wetting angles of the soils were greatly changed by hydrophobic of Bitumen, but those were changed slightly by PVA and PAM application. The sorptivity and penetrability data indicated that the effects of different materials on these parameters differed depending upon soil texture. Application of PVA and PAM were no effect exceptive in sand. Application of Bitumen revealed that water movement was not showed in all soils. The germination rate, root weight and top plant weight of lettuce were increased in all soils by PAM treatment as compared to untreated soils. Particularly the greater effect was occurred in sand soil than in sandy loam and silt loam. PAM increased greatly the moisture content and air phase of soils.

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