• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.747-761
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• 1994

Workers' periodic health examination is the main tools used to manage the health problems of most workers in Korea. The most common health problem found in workers' periodic health examination is liver disorder. Liver disorder is also one of the most common health problems in general population and one of the leading causes of mortality in adult population. Regulation proposed by government (No. 207, Ministry of Labor, 1992) defines the criteria for selection of workers with the liver dysfunction for further evaluative examination and the examination items used for diagnosis of the workers with liver dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the proficiency of each examination items presently defined in Regulation and propose the optimal examination items for detection of the liver disorders found by workers' periodic health examination. Study subjects are 186 workers with abnormal liver function tests in screening examination of workers' periodic health examination. Questionnaire survey including past history of liver disorder, drinking history, height and weight was done. Physical examination by physician, routine test items defined by Regulation (SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP, protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, $\alpha$-feto protein, HBsAg and anti-HBs), anti-HCV antibody test and liver ultrasonography were done. Results are as follows; 1. Result of evaluative examination utilizing only the items defined in Regulation was; There were 75 workers with suspected live. disorder(40.3%), 63 with no liver dysfunction (33.9%), 13 with suspected hepatitis B(7.0%), 10 workers with hepatitis B(5.4%), 10 workers with hepatitis B carrier state(5.4%), 10 with alcoholic liver disorders(5.4%), 5 with fatty liver(2.7%). When alternative diagnostic criteria applying additional examination items (drinking history, body mass index, anti-HCV antibody and ultrasonography) diagnosability of liver disorder was increased. When all four items were included, final results were; 23 workers (17.8%) with hepatitis B (10 carriers, 13 suspects and 10 hepatitis B), 10 (5.4%) with hepatitis C(4 carriers, 5 suspects and 1 hepatitis C), 13(7.0%) with alcoholic liver disorder, 45(24.2%) with fatty liver (40 suspects, 5 fatty liver), 410%) with suspected liver disorders and 44 (23.7%) with normal liver. 2. Of examination items defined by Regulation, only SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP and HBsAg were significantly different in abnormal rate and mean value, and all other laboratory findings did not showed significant difference between two groups. Drinking history, body mass index and anti-HCV antibody test which are the items that authors included in this study, also showed significant difference between two groups. Utilization of body mass index (BMI) for abnormal liver function group in diagnosis of fatty liver had high specificity (97.6%) but sensitivity (22.3%) was low. Therefore we suggest that SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP, HBsAg, alcohol drinking history, BMI and anti-HCV Ab were useful for diagnosis of liver disorders among worker's periodic health examination.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

This study was designed and undertaken to identify objectively the degree and relationship of anxiety, depression which are chief essential elements of emotional status in Stroke medical examination patients. The subjects in this study were 58 Stroke medical examination patients and 58 Non-Stroke medical examination patients, and for the assessment of anxiety, depression. We used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS). The results of this study are as follows : 1. There were significant, differences in the 16 items of State anxiety scale among 20 items and the 14 items of Trait anxiety scale among 20 items between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.05 respectively). 2. There were significant differences in the 14 items of SDS among 20 items between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.05 respectively). 3. There were significant differences in the mean scores of STAI and SDS between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.001 respectively). 4. There were no significant relationships between State anxiety & Trait anxiety, State anxiety & Depression, Trait anxiety & Depression in the Stroke medical examination patients.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore changes in the test items in the preparation book for the national qualifying examination. Test items which developed in the year 2000 and 2004 through nationwide faculty workshop in Fundamentals of Nursing were examined. Method: Test items for the national qualifying examination for 2000 and 2004 in Fundamentals of Nursing were analyzed using frequencies and percent. Results: The test items for the national qualifying examination for 2004 in Fundamentals of Nursing showed an increase in the number of test item over the year 2000. According to McGuire's taxonomy, domains of the test items in 2000 were recall(65.1%), interpretation (22.0%), and problem solving(12.9%) in that order. In 2004 items for the recall domain(74.7%) increased 9.6% above the level of 2000, and interpretation and problem solving domains showed a slight decrease. With regard to type of test items, the proportion of A type in 2004 was the same with 37.6% as 2000, and that of K type(61.5%) increased by 0.7% over the year 2000(60.8%). Conclusion: The test items for the national qualifying examination of 2000 and 2004 were not different except for the increase in the number of test items.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2013

Since the establishment of the national medical licensing examination board in 1992, the medical licensing examination system has changed enormously and this has had a number of impacts on examination services. All those reforms were aimed at improving the relevance and reliability of the test. Several attempts of the testing system have appeared in the new examination service, and which have also brought about the changes in the medical school curriculum such as introducing integrated courses instead of traditional subjects, using test scores as a reference to the post-graduation selection test. Some examples of changes in the examination system are as follows: 1) choosing three integrated test subjects and outlines of their reference content instead of 15 academic subjects, 2) adjusting the ratio of multiple choice question items to focus more on the problem solving level, 3) introduction of 'one-best answer' single set and 'extended matching type items, 4) item construction based on real clinical cases and real clinical materials. Recently, a clinical skill test system has been introduced to measure examinees' basic clinical skills competencies. Despite continuing efforts, the examination system still has many issues remaining to be solved. These problems include the differential weighting of test items, appropriate threshold for passing, and practicality of pre-testing to stabilize the passing rate and avoid the hazards of newness and undesirably difficult test items.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 1998

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn ma turity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of new-born. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity A total of 75 new-born were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows : 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is propotional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination Is more reliable and clincially feasible method to measure the accurate G4 compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the new born maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics nil on hance the clinical applicability of the examination.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.16-23
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• 2010

This research analyzed about inconsistence and cause of the audit result on national defense quality management system in certification company. Direction of research analyzes corelation with distribution by items at national defense quality management system standard by Investigated number and occurrence of examination report slight and critical incongruity on 2008 and 2009. Study finding slight and critical incongruity happened to first examination average 10.2 items, renewal examination average 7.0 items. By incongruity occurrence appeared high in item that there are a lot of examination item shares of standard requirement, it was studied by correlative thing between the examination with standard. Factor of incongruity occurrence was proved to comprehension insufficiency for quality management system, quality procedure insufficiency, didn't fulfil proceedings, business was unripe. In this papers, we contribute to propose direction for improvement of national defense quality management system comprehensive faculty elevation and national defense quality certification in this treatise.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2003

Scientific reasoning is one of the main concerns in current science education. This study have tried to answer on the question whether Korean science education has the potential to help improve of students' ability to think scientifically. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between reasoning patterns evident in science textbook and science examination items, and students' scientific reasoning skills across grades in Korea. 1975 subjects (1022 females and 953 males) were administered in the Lawson's Test of Scientific Reasoning skills. Forty seven science textbooks and 240 assessment instrument were analyzed by several scientific reasoning keys. Scientific reasoning patterns were adopted from Lawson's classification which characterized the patterns as the empirical-inductive and the hypothetical-deductive. This study found that reasoning patterns evident in textbook analyses and assessment instrumental items do not evidentce the potential to stimulate the development of students' reasoning skill. In order to improve the students' abilities to think and achieve, higher levels of reasoning must be included in the science textbook and examination. Further, some of scientific reasoning processes, such as generating hypotheses, designing experiments, and logical prediction, were not found in science textbooks and test items in Korean secondary schools. This study also discussed the educational implication of these results and further studies about to develop student's reasoning ability.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2011

체외 검사는 각 검사 마다 6-7개의 standard 농도를 이용한 표준곡선(Dose response curve)을 사용하여 검사 결과를 분석하며, 표준곡선 사용은 진료재료 소모에 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 현재 원내에서 검사하는 검사항목 가운데 일부 검사 항목은, standard 농도를 이용한 환자의 검사 결과 분석수치가 대부분 낮은 결과의 분포를 보이고 있었으며, 이러한 검사 들은 마지막 standard 농도의 사용이 불필요하다고 판단하였다. 이에 낮은 검사 결과의 분포를 보이는 검사항목들을 선정하고, 마지막 standard 농도의 자리에 사용했던 진료 재료를 절감하여 진료재료의 소모비용을 줄였다. 원내 검사 항목 중 11개의 검사 항목을 진료재료 절감 대상항목으로 하였고, 검사가 진행한 횟수 만큼 마지막 standard농도에 사용되었던 진료재료(검사 Tube)를 절감할 수 있었다. 2009년 7월부터 2011년 2월까지 월별 진료재료 절감 개수, 절감 개수를 진료재료 단가로 계산하여 진료재료 절감액과, 절감된 진료재료를 환자 검사용 진료재료로 사용하여 발생한 수익을 ABC 원가계산을 근거로 산정하였다. 2009년 7월부터 2011년 2월까지 절감된 진료 재료는 3,131개였다. 이는 약 31kit의 검사 시약에 해당되는 진료재료를 절감하였다. 이것을 진료재료 단가로 계산하면 약 640만원의 진료재료비가 절감되었고, 이러한 진료 재료는 환자 검사 진료재료로 사용되어 약 1,370만원의 수익이 발생하였다. 환자의 검사 결과가 정상이거나, 낮게 분포하는 검사항목들은 마지막 standard 농도를 사용하지 않고 범위를 줄여서 검사를 진행하여도 검사 결과를 분석하는데는 영향이 없었고, standard 농도 범위 조정이 검사 결과의 신뢰성에는 영향이 없는 것으로 분석 되었다. 따라서 이 활동은 핵의학 체외검사의 진료재료 사용에 효율성을 높이고 진료재료 절감 및 병원 수익에 많은 효과가 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.214-224
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• 1994

The Ministry of Education established the plan to adopt a new college enterance examination system, so called Scholastic Ability Test for college, from 1994. The National Board of Educational Evaluation had carried out 7 experimental trials for the new examination system. Eventhough, the governmental officials advertised the purpose and characteristics of the new examination system, many students and parents did not understand the essential point very well. In this study the researcher tried to analyze the 7 trial examination items and the first Scholastic Ability Test for college carried out 1993. In this study, the researcher tried to find out all the items appeared in the 7 trials. In the analysis, all the individual items from the 1st trial to the 7th trial were used. The research results showed that the items were evenly distributed in all the four areas(Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Earth Science) of science content; however, they were heavily concentrated on data or information analysis categoris in the inquiry domain. In the domain of context, laboratory context was the major item context. The scores were also analyzed. The results showed that no significant difference between male and female students. However, science track students showed higher achievement scores than the non-science track student. The examination result showed high correlation with the tests routinely have carried out in schools. The over all analysis showed the new examination system showed very different characteristics to the conventional tests. Therefore, for the student to get successful result in the Scholastic Ability Test, they should change the way of study. They should try to understand scientific concepts rather than to memorize them. They should invest their time to carry out real experiments rather than to focus on the princples and laws of science. One of the most important thing would be for the student to apply what they learned to real life situations.

• 대한간호
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• 제16권6호통권92호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1977