• 제목/요약/키워드: ex vivo study

검색결과 254건 처리시간 0.022초

Hesperetin Inhibits Vascular Formation by Suppressing of the PI3K/AKT, ERK, and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways

  • Kim, Gi Dae
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.299-306
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    • 2014
  • Hesperetin has been shown to possess a potential anti-angiogenic effect, including vascular formation by endothelial cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential anti-angiogenic activity of hesperetin are not fully understood. In the present study, we evaluated whether hesperetin has anti-angiogenic effects in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with 50 ng/mL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to induce proliferation as well as vascular formation, followed by treatment with several doses of hesperetin (25, 50, and $100{\mu}M$) for 24 h. Cell proliferation and vascular formation were analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and tube formation assay, respectively. In addition, cell signaling related to cell proliferation and vascular formation was analyzed by western blot. Furthermore, a mouse aorta ring assay was performed to confirm the effect of hesperetin on vascular formation. Hesperetin treatment did not cause differences in HUVECs proliferation. However, hesperetin significantly inhibited VEGF-induced cell migration and tube formation of HUVECs (P<0.05). Moreover, hesperetin suppressed the expression of ERK, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/AKT in the VEGF-induced HUVECs. In an ex vivo model, hesperetin also suppressed microvessel sprouting of mouse aortic rings. Taken together, the findings suggest that hesperetin inhibited vascular formation by endothelial cells via the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT, ERK and p38 MAPK signaling.

참도박의 혈액 항응고성 다당류의 정제 (Purification of Blood Anticoagulant Polysaccharide from Pachymeniopsis elliptica)

  • 윤진아;유광원;전우진;조홍연;손용석;양한철
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.908-916
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    • 2000
  • This study was undertaken to purify the anticoagulant polysaccharide from Pachymeniopsis elliptica. The anticoagulant compound (PE-2IVc-2-1) was isolated from the crude polysaccharide (PE-2) by the sequential steps such as ultrafiltration (PE-2IV), anion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-Toyopearl 650C(PE-2IVc), size-exclusion chromatography of Sepharose CL-6B (PE-2IVc), and HPLC Shodex OHpak column chromatography (PE-2IVc-2-1). The apparent molecular weight of purified polysaccharide (PE-2IVc-2-1) was approximately 710 kDa. It was mainly composed of galactose (48.6%) and 3,6-anhydrogalactose (44.0%) with 27.1% of sulfate residue, in addition a trace amount of xylose (3.6%), glucose (1.1%), mannose (1.1%), arabinose (0.8%) and fucose (0.8%). The IR spectrum of the polysaccharide showed the characteristic bands of S=O(1116.74 and 1143.17 $cm^{-1}$) and C-O-S (828.19 $cm^{-1}$) stretching, respectively. The anticoagulant effect of PE-2 in ex vivo was proportional to the concentration of intravenously injected dose, up to 100 mg/kg.

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Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitor Promotes Hair Growth via Protecting from Oxidative-Stress and Regulating Glycogen Breakdown in Human Hair follicles

  • Bomi Park;Daeun Kim;Hairu Zhao;SoonRe Kim;Byung Cheol Park;Sanghwa Lee;Yurim Lee;Hee Dong Park;Dongchul Lim;Sunyoung Ryu;Jae Sung Hwang
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.640-646
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    • 2024
  • Hair growth cycles are mainly regulated by human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and human outer root sheath cells (hORSCs). Protecting hDPCs from excessive oxidative stress and hORSCs from glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL) is crucial to maintaining the hair growth phase, anagen. In this study, we developed a new PYGL inhibitor, hydroxytrimethylpyridinyl methylindolecarboxamide (HTPI) and assessed its potential to prevent hair loss. HTPI reduced oxidative damage, preventing cell death and restored decreased level of anagen marker ALP and its related genes induced by hydrogen peroxide in hDPCs. Moreover, HTPI inhibited glycogen degradation and induced cell survival under glucose starvation in hORSCs. In ex-vivo culture, HTPI significantly enhanced hair growth compared to the control with minoxidil showing comparable results. Overall, these findings suggest that HTPI has significant potential as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of hair loss.

TMT 유도성 인지 기능 상실에 대한 대보(밤 품종) 내피 추출물의 효과 (Effect of Daebo (Castanea crenata) Inner Skin Extract on TMT-induced Learning and Memory Injury)

  • 김현주;정지희;조유나;진동은;진수일;김만조;허호진
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.661-665
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 국내 대표 밤 품종인 대보(Daebo)의 내피를 활용하여 TMT 유도성 인지 기능 상실에 대한 개선 효과를 연구하였다. 실험에서 각 농도별(5, 10, 20 mg/kg of body weight)로 대보 내피 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 섭취한 mouse를 TMT로 인지기능 손상을 유발하여 Y-maze test와 passive avoidance test한 결과, Y-maze test에서 분획물을 섭취한 group이 TMT 단독 처리군과 비교하였을 때 공간 인지기능을 개선시켰고, passive avoidance test 또한 latency time이 증가한 것으로 나타나 TMT에 의해 유발되는 뇌 신경독성 동물 모델로부터 기억 및 학습능력 개선 효과를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 in vivo 동물 실험 후 mouse로부터 적출된 whole brain tissue를 대상으로 ex vivo AChE 활성 및 MDA 함량측정 실험한 결과, 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 TMT효과 대비 AChE의 활성을 일부 유의적으로 억제하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 대보 내피 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 신경전달물질인 AChE의 활성을 저해하고 뇌 신경세포 보호 효과를 통하여 인지기능 개선 효과를 유도할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

면역억제 마우스 모델에서 왕느릅나무 유래 DEU-7의 면역기능 증강 (DEU-7 Derived from Ulmus macrocarpa Improved Immune Functions in Cyclophosphamide-treated Mice)

  • 강경화;고지수;이인환;이상호;이성도;김덕원;이종환;황혜진;현숙경;김병우;김철민;정경태
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제25권10호
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    • pp.1156-1163
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    • 2015
  • 고량강(Alpinia officinarum), 산초(Zanthoxylum schinifolium), 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), 왕느릅나무(Ulmus macrocarpa Hance), 네 종류의 식물성 한방 약재의 면역증강효능을 cyclophosphamide를 처리한 동물모델을 이용하여 조사하였다. 실험은 cyclophosphamide로 면역억제를 유도한 후 네 종류의 한방 약재를 식이하여 cyclophosphamide에 의해 억제된 면역인자의 회복 여부를 조사하였다. 네 종류의 한방 약재를 동일한 방법으로 열수 추출한 후 동일한 농도로 마우스에 처리하였다. 이 중 왕느릅나무 열수 추출물(DEU-7)이 cyclophosphamide의 영향으로 면역 억제된 마우스에서 면역인자 혈중 농도를 정상치 준하는 또는 가깝게 유지하는 것으로 나타내었다. DEU-7에 의해 비장의 무게와 비장세포수는 증가하였으나 간과 흉선과 같은 다른 장기에는 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 없었다. Ex vivo 조건에서 DEU-7은 비장세포의 사멸을 지연시키는 것으로 나타났다. 중요한 면역인자인 IL-2와 IL-4 cytokine은 면역억제로 농도가 감소되었으나 DEU-7이 약 2배와 3배 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 정상치의 약 1/2 수준이었다. IgM과 IgG의 농도는 cyclophosphamide 처리로 정상치의 약 1/2로 떨어졌으나, DEU-7에 의해서 정상치와 동일한 농도로 증가하였다. IL-2와 IL-4 결과에서 DEU-7은 T 림프구에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 생각되며, 또한 IgM과 IgG의 결과로서 B 림프구에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 생각된다. 선천성 면역에 중요한 면역인자인 TNF-α, IL-12과 IFN-γ 역시 cyclophosphamide에 의해 농도가 감소되었으나 DEU-7에 의해 정상치에 가깝게 회복되었다. 따라서, DEU-7은 면역 억제 또는 감소된 상태를 정상 상태로 회복 또는 유지하는 기능이 있는 것으로 생각된다.

Cone-beam computed tomography versus digital periapical radiography in the detection of artificially created periapical lesions: A pilot study of the diagnostic accuracy of endodontists using both techniques

  • Campello, Andrea Fagundes;Goncalves, Lucio Souza;Guedes, Fabio Ribeiro;Marques, Fabio Vidal
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of previously trained endodontists in the detection of artificially created periapical lesions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiography (DPR). Materials and Methods: An ex vivo model using dry skulls was used, in which simulated apical lesions were created and then progressively enlarged using #1/2, #2, #4, and #6 round burs. A total of 11 teeth were included in the study, and 110 images were obtained with CBCT and with an intraoral digital periapical radiographic sensor (Instrumentarium dental, Tuusula, Finland) initially and after each bur was used. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated. All images were evaluated by 10 previously trained, certified endodontists. Agreement was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The accuracy of each method in detecting apical lesions was calculated using the chisquare test. Results: The kappa coefficient between examiners showed low agreement (range, 0.17-0.64). No statistical difference was found between CBCT and DPR in teeth without apical lesions (P=.15). The accuracy for CBCT was significantly higher than for DPR in all corresponding simulated lesions(P<.001). The correct diagnostic rate for CBCT ranged between 56.9% and 73.6%. The greatest difference between CBCT and DPR was seen in the maxillary teeth (CBCT, 71.4%; DPR, 28.6%; P<.01) and multi-rooted teeth (CBCT, 83.3%; DPR, 33.3%; P<.01). Conclusion: CBCT allowed higher accuracy than DPR in detecting simulated lesions for all simulated lesions tested. Endodontists need to be properly trained in interpreting CBCT scans to achieve higher diagnostic accuracy.

Forsythiaside, a Constituent of the Fruits of Forsythia suspense, Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

  • Kim, Sun-Ho;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Choi, Ji-Joung;Lee, Jong-Gu;Lee, Choong-Ho;Park, Se-Jin;Jung, Won-Yong;Park, Dong-Hyun;Ko, Kwang-Ho;Lee, Seung-Ho;Ryu, Jong-Hoon
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2009
  • Forsythiaside is a polyphenolic constituent of the fruits of Forsythia suspense Vahl which are widely used as anti-inflammatory herbal raw materials in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the authors assessed the effects of forsythiaside on learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine using a passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tests in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by scopolamine treatment (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Forsythiaside (10 mg/kg, p.o) administration significantly prevented scopolamine-induced step-through latency reduction in the passive avoidance test and scopolamine-induced increased escape latency in the Morris water maze test (p<0.05). Moreover, in an ex-vivo study, forsythiaside treatment (10 mg/kg, p.o) significantly reduced the increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels induced by scopolamine (p<0.05). Taken together, the present study suggests that forsythiaside could be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, and that its beneficial effects are mediated, in part, by its antioxidative properties.

Factors Related to Successful Energy Transmission of Focused Ultrasound through a Skull : A Study in Human Cadavers and Its Comparison with Clinical Experiences

  • Jung, Na Young;Rachmilevitch, Itay;Sibiger, Ohad;Amar, Talia;Zadicario, Eyal;Chang, Jin Woo
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제62권6호
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    • pp.712-722
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    • 2019
  • Objective : Although magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has been used as minimally invasive and effective neurosurgical treatment, it exhibits some limitations, mainly related to acoustic properties of the skull barrier. This study was undertaken to identify skull characteristics that contribute to optimal ultrasonic energy transmission for MRgFUS procedures. Methods : For ex vivo skull experiments, various acoustic fields were measured under different conditions, using five non-embalmed cadaver skulls. For clinical skull analyses, brain computed tomography data of 46 patients who underwent MRgFUS ablations (18 unilateral thalamotomy, nine unilateral pallidotomy, and 19 bilateral capsulotomy) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' skull factors and sonication parameters were comparatively analyzed with respect to the cadaveric skulls. Results : Skull experiments identified three important factors related skull penetration of ultrasound, including skull density ratio (SDR), skull volume, and incidence angle of the acoustic rays against the skull surface. In clinical results, SDR and skull volume correlated with maximal temperature (Tmax) and energy requirement to achieve Tmax (p<0.05). In addition, considering the incidence angle determined by brain target location, less energy was required to reach Tmax in the central, rather than lateral targets particularly when compared between thalamotomy and capsulotomy (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study reconfirmed previously identified skull factors, including SDR and skull volume, for successful MRgFUS; it identified an additional factor, incidence angle of acoustic rays against the skull surface. To guarantee successful transcranial MRgFUS treatment without suffering these various skull issues, further technical improvements are required.

Thermal changes during implant site preparation with a digital surgical guide and slot design drill: an ex vivo study using a bovine rib model

  • Choi, Yoon-Sil;Oh, Jae-Woon;Lee, Young;Lee, Dong-Woon
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제52권5호
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    • pp.411-421
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the degree of heat generation when a novel drill design with an irrigation slot was used with metal sleeve-free (MF) and metal sleeve-incorporated (MI) surgical guides in an environment similar to that of the actual oral cavity. Methods: A typodont with a missing mandibular right first molar and 21 bovine rib blocks were used. Three-dimensional-printed MF and MI surgical guides, designed for the placement of internal tapered implant fixtures, were used with slot and non-slot drills. The following groups were compared: group 1, MI surgical guide with slot drill; group 2, MI surgical guide with a non-slot drill; and group 3, MF surgical guide with a slot drill. A constant-temperature water bath at 36℃ was used. The drilling was performed in 6 stages, and the initial, highest, and lowest temperatures of the cortical bone were measured at each stage using a non-contact infrared thermometer. Results: There were no temperature increases above the initial temperature in any drilling procedure. The only significant difference between the non-slot and slot groups was observed with the use of the first drill in the MI group, with a higher temperature in the non-slot group (P=0.012). When the heat generation during the first and the second drilling was compared in the non-slot group, the heat generation during the first drilling was significantly higher (P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in heat generation between the drills in the slot group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, implant-site preparation with the surgical guide showed no critical increase in the temperature of the cortical bone, regardless of whether there was a slot in the drill. In particular, the slotted drill had a cooling effect during the initial drilling.

Preliminary Study on Natural Killer Cell Activity for Interfer-on-Gamma Production after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors

  • Park, Kawngwoo;Jeong, Sang Soon;Kim, Jung Hoon;Chung, Hyun-Tai;Lee, Eun Jung;Moon, Hyo Eun;Park, Kwang Hyon;Kim, Jin Wook;Park, Hye Ran;Lee, Jae Meen;Lee, Hye Ja;Kim, Hye Rim;Cho, Yong Hwan;Paek, Sun Ha
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제65권6호
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    • pp.861-867
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    • 2022
  • Objective : High-dose radiation is well known to induce and modulate the immune system. This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between clinical outcomes and changes in natural killer cell activity (NKA) after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKS) in patients with brain cancer. Methods : We performed an open-label, prospective, cross-sectional study of 38 patients who were treated with GKS for brain tumors, including metastatic and benign brain tumors. All of the patients underwent GKS, and blood samples were collected before and after GKS. NKA was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, to measure interferon-gamma (IFNγ) secreted by ex vivo-stimulated NK cells from whole blood. We explored the correlations between NK cell-produced IFNγ (NKA-IFNγ) levels and clinical parameters of patients who were treated with GKS for brain tumors. Results : NKA-IFNγ levels were decreased in metastatic brain tumor patients compared to those with benign brain tumors (p<0.0001). All the patients who used steroid treatment to reduce brain swelling after GKS had an NKA-IFNγ level of zero except one patient. High NKA-IFNγ levels were not associated with a rapid decrease in brain metastasis and did not increase after GKS. Conclusion : The activity of NK cells in metastatic brain tumors decreased more than that in benign brain tumors after GKS.