• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.187-206
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• 2010

Evolutionary acquisition is an alternative to the grand design acquisition approaches. It has activities to make it possible to develop quickly and respond flexibly to changing customer needs and technological opportunities. The Ministry of Defense adopted an evolutionary strategy to acquire defense information systems. but it does not work well always. We look at problems from aspects of acquisition system and project management. We benchmark successful cases for evolutionary acquisition strategy in the DoD, the pubic and the private sector. We suggest an evolutionary strategy for defense information systems. The evolutionary strategy in this study includes an evolutionary acquisition framework, an evolutionary acquisition process, and an evolutionary acquisition guideline for defense information systems. The evolutionary strategy can help to implement evolutionary acquisition process for defense information system, and the process can increase the success rate of projects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

An EA(Evolutionary Acquisition) strategy is based on the systems engineering. It is a preferred approach to provide operationally useful capabilities to the warfighter much more quickly than single-step to full capability strategy. Recently, DoD is trying to apply the acquisition process based on the systems engineering. In spite of these trends, efforts of domestic defense acquisition society to this strategy are insufficient. Although an EA strategy has many benefits, there are many constraints to apply it. This study analyzes these constraints and presents applications of the EA strategy to defense R&D programs.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.131-147
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• 2003

The complexity of modern weapon systems using the intelligence technology demands that rapid and effective transition from force requirements to deployment and fielding. Thus this paper deals with the integration of development procedure, evolutionary acquisition, integrated test and evaluation, improvement of the requirements decision process, use of commercial products of high quality and low cost, specification deviation, and the effective use of dual use technology. In general, decision­makers, and military field users shall first consider the moving technology rapidly into use. This study is aimed to improve the defence acquisition management directive for timely force integration of weapon system.

• 시스템엔지니어링워크숍
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• s.6
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• pp.9-12
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• 2005

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.86-104
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• 2005

During the 'Cold War', DoD had focused on the high performance and timely acquisition which enabled quick field out the superior weapons than the enemy regardless of acquisition cost. But, after the cold war, the focus has been changed to the 'cost effective acquisition' of weapon systems because of tremendous investment cost & economic theory. The U.S. DoD has been tried to make 'the most effective acquisition system'(AR, Acquisition Reform) from mid-80's with their enough experienced program data, and as a result, they had launched the new acquisition procedure - DoD 5000 series - in 1996. DoD is continuously doing the study and making several improvements on the procedure after it had been once announced. On Oct 30. 2002, DoD noticed that they cancelled the DoD 5000 series documents(5000.1, 5000.2, 5000.2-R) and 5000.2-R will be reissued as a guide. The most recent version which focused on 1) evolutionary acquisition and spiral development, 2) procedure for future technology systems including software and IT, 3) supplement on the area of efficiency, flexibility, creativity and innovation of old system was issued by May 12. 2003. This article suggests a 'good idea' based on the reviewing of these DoD efforts for our defense acquisition regulation and procedure to go. It includes the CAIV concept application, IPT utilization, T&E method, cost or price based contract etc-all for the effective acquisition.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

The CHRM3 gene is a member of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family that plays important roles in the regulation of fundamental physiological functions. The evolutionary mechanism of exon-acquisition and alternative splicing of the CHRM3 gene in relation to transposable elements (TEs) were analyzed using experimental approaches and in silico analysis. Five different transcript variants (T1, T2, T3, T3-1, and T4) derived from three distinct promoter regions (T1: L1HS, T2, T4: original, T3, T3-1: THE1C) were identified. A placenta (T1) and testis (T3 and T3-1)-dominated expression pattern appeared to be controlled by different TEs (L1HS and THE1C) that were integrated into the common ancestor genome during primate evolution. Remarkably, the T1 transcript was formed by the integration event of the human specific L1HS element. Among the 12 different brain regions, the brain stem, olfactory region, and cerebellum showed decreased expression patterns. Evolutionary analysis of splicing sites and alternative splicing suggested that the exon-acquisition event was determined by a selection and conservation mechanism. Furthermore, continuous integration events of transposable elements could produce lineage specific alternative transcripts by providing novel promoters and splicing sites. Taken together, exon-acquisition and alternative splicing events of CHRM3 genes were shown to have occurred through the continuous integration of transposable elements following conservation.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.49.2-49
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• 2002

This paper describes the configuration of a multi-agent system that can recognize human intentions. This system constructs ontologies of human intentions and enables knowledge acquisition and sharing between intelligent agents operating in different environments. This is achieved by using a bi-directional associative memory network. The process of intention recognition is based on fuzzy association inferences. This paper shows the process of information sharing by using ontologies. The purpose of this research is to create human-centered systems that can provide a natural interface in their interaction with people.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.373-379
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• 2015

Humans have acquired many distinct evolutionary traits after the human-chimpanzee divergence. These phenotypes have resulted from genetic changes that occurred in the human genome and were retained by natural selection. Comparative primate genome analyses reveal that loss-of-function mutations are common in the human genome. Some of these gene inactivation events were revealed to be associated with the emergence of advantageous phenotypes and were therefore positively selected and fixed in modern humans (the "less-ismore" hypothesis). Representative cases of human gene inactivation and their functional implications are presented in this review. Functional studies of additional inactive genes will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying acquisition of various human-specific traits. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(7): 373-379]

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.65-70
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• 2021

This study presents a method to efficiently advance the Republic of Korea's Unmanned Systems through the analysis of the development of the U.S. Unmanned System Policy. After the occurrence of the September 11 attacks, the U.S. developed Unmanned Systems as a part of RMA and became the leader in this area. The system went through numerous trials and errors during the development and acquisition. From these experiences, the U.S. had embodied Unmanned Systems acquisition methods by establishing Unmanned Systems Development Guidance and DoD Autonomy Community of Interest in 2012. In addition, as diverse unmanned programs started to proceed, it promoted Core Technology development sharing and simplification of functions of the Unmanned Systems to exclude budget-wasting elements such as duplication of programs. The Republic of Korea must politically build a collaborative system between industry/academia/research institute/military and apply evolutionary development strategies from the first step of the development of the Unmanned Systems the future Game Changer. In operations, concepts of the Manned/Unmanned Systems complex operation should be established and intelligent S/W, Open System, and Cyber Security technologies to materialize them developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.690-693
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• 2003

The purpose of two player game is that a player beats an enemy. In order to win to various enemies, a learning of various strategies is indispensable. However, the optimal action to overcome the enemies will change when the game done over and again because the enemy's actions also change dynamically. Sol it is din-cult that the player aquires the optimal action and that the specific player keeps winning to various enemies. Species who have a competition relation and affect other's existence is called a coevolution. Coevolution has recently attracred considerable interest in the community of Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation(1). In this paper, we apply Classifier System for agent team to two player game. A reward and a penalty are given to the used rules when the agent achieve specific action in the game and each team's rulebase are evaluated based on the ranking in the league. We show that all teams can acquire the optimal actions by coevolution.