• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제25권
• /
• pp.649-678
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this work is to explain categorial correlations between indirect evidentiality and epistemic modality on the basis of semantic, pragmatic usages of Russian so-called non-specialized lexical markers of evidentiality, such as kazhetsja, naverno, vidimo, poxozhe, dolzhno byt' etc. To do this, firstly I concentrated on the parameter of internal functional variation of a given parenthetic word. Secondly, I approached this topic from a typological perspective. Thirdly, I accepted Sweeter(1990)'s methodological assumption that etymological prototype of a given word plays a great role in grammatical, semantic, pragmatic changes. As a result, I could postulate general tendencies of grammaticalizations (or semantic, pragmatic, funtional changes) in the direction from epistemic modality to indirect evidentialty, which consists of inferentives, presumptives, and quotatives. For example, such a parenthetic word as kazhetsja can functions not only as a marker of epistemic modality of uncertainty, but also as inferentives. Besides, it is very interesting that this word lately has started to function as quotatives, too. This kind of functional variations are very characteristic in these spheres.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.33-52
• /
• 2013

Some sentential adverbials in English, especially those which introduce evidentiality (hereafter evidential adverbials), such as apparently, purportedly, reportedly, and allegedly, exhibit what we call 'the perspective shift' in interrogatives: they are interpreted from the speaker's perspective in declaratives, but are interpreted from the addressee's perspective in interrogatives. To account for this phenomenon, we argue that English evidential adverbials are functions taking a proposition as its argument and returns a character in the sense of Kaplan (1989). We further show that, with this assumption, the perspective shift of evidential adverbials in interrogatives can be explained within the rather standard semantics of interrogatives (Hamblin 1973, among others) and of indexicals (Kaplan 1989).

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제69권
• /
• pp.349-370
• /
• 2016

This thesis examines the problems faced in the electronic bill of lading for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. First, to build a negotiation system for electronic B/Ls, active participation from related parties in addition to the government support is essential. Second, electronic B/Ls cannot be utilized within a short period of time in current commercial practices. Third, there should be infrastructure which connects all parties of international commerce through an electronic system. Fourth, instead of promoting mutual recognition through international treaty, there should be a plan which legally specifying mutual recognition between certification authorities. Fifth, it is needed to ease the strictness of electronic signature to promote the global negotiation of electronic B/Ls. Lastly, in prima facie weight of evidence, there was a significant difference with the Rotterdam Rules even in comparison with the Commercial Act which was amended with the significantly advanced rules on electronic B/L. He believed there should be a discreet consideration on these matters at the revision of the Commercial Act. For this, the government has to provide support more aggressively with more interest and commitments.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.119-146
• /
• 2015

Within the field of Korean linguistics, it has been observed that subjective adjectival predicate constructions are characteristic of imposing 'coreference constraint' on the higher and lower subjects, while evidential -te- constructions imposing 'non-coreference constraint' on them. I interpret these constraints as dependency constraints between higher and lower judge-sensitive semantic predicates, and investigate the interactions among subjective adjectival predicates, evidential -te-, and modal -keyss- in Korean. The paper ultimately argues for the necessity to add a new indexical element, the judge of evaluation(Lasersohn 2005, Stephenson 2007), to the traditional set of indices that were confined to the world and the time.

• 한국어교육
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2012

The development of corpus in recent years has attracted increased research on spoken Korean. Nevertheless, these research outcomes are yet to be meaningfully and adequately reflected in Korean language textbooks. The reported speech marker '-dae' is one of these areas that need more attention. This study investigates whether or not in textbooks '-dae' is clearly explained to English-speaking learners to prevent confusion and misuse. Based on a contrastive analysis of Korean and English, this study argues three points: Firstly, '-dae' should be introduced to Korean learners as an independent sentence ender rather than a contracted form of '-dago hae'. Secondly, it is necessary to teach English-speaking learners that '-dae' is not equivalent to the English report speech form. It functions more or less as a third person marker in Korean. Learners should be informed that '-dae' is used for statements in English, if those statements were hearsay but the source of information does not need to be specified. This is a very distinctive difference between Korean and English and should be emphasized in class when 'dae' is taught. Thirdly, '-dae' should be introduced before indirect speech constructions, because it is mainly used in simple statements and the frequency of '-dae' is very high in spoken Korean.

• 기록학연구
• /
• 제16호
• /
• pp.3-37
• /
• 2007

전자기록의 생산이 보편화되어가면서 종이기록 중심의 기록관리는 많은 변화를 요구받고 있다. 전자기록의 내용 맥락 구조정보를 어느 시점에 어떠한 방법으로 확보하여 기록의 증거성 진본성 신뢰성을 보존할 것인가가 기록관리에 있어서 주요한 이슈로 제기되고 있으며, 이러한 논의의 중심에 기록관리 메타데이터가 있다. 이 글은 기록관리 라이프사이클 중 현용 준현용 단계에서 요구되는 기록관리 메타데이터를 정립하는데 목적이 있다. 현용 준현용 단계에 주목하는 이유는 기록의 진본성을 '업무활동의 증거'라는 측면에서 이해하고자 하는 것과 관련이 있다. 기록이 업무맥락 가운데서 생산되고 관리의 영역으로 획득되는 시기가 현용과 준현용 단계이며, 이때 기록의 진본성을 획득하고 유지시키는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것이 기록관리 메타데이터이기 때문이다. 이 글에서는 기록관리 메타데이터를 체계적으로 설계하기 위한 방법으로서, 기록의 생산에 관여하는 엔티티간의 관계를 규명하고 이를 설명하기 위한 데이터 모델의 수립을 통하여 메타데이터 요소를 제안하였다.