• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2009

A 6-year-old, intact female mixed dog was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Gyeongsang National University due to vomiting, anorexia, depression of 1 month's duration. On abdominal radiography, numerous irregularly marginated mineralized branching structures were present within the liver. On ultrasonography, irregular hyperechoic spots with an strong acoustic shadow was identified, but evidence of ductal dilatation was absent. Based on radiography and ultrasonography, intrahepatic gallstones were diagnosed incidentally.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2013

Mathematics has been stereotyped as a male-dominated subject, and there is considerable evidence to support this belief. There has been much research in the past three decades on gender-related differences in elementrny and secondrny school mathematics. The research found that teachers possess different beliefs about male and female students that influence their teaching behaviour, which then directly or indirectly impact their students' behaviours, beliefs, and achievements in mathematics. Based on data collected from teacher questionnaire surveys in the Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong, this study examines teachers' beliefs about the achievements of boys and girls in mathematics. The study also compares the findings in the two regions surveyed. Results showed that teachers gave more attention to boys than girls, regardless of the teacher's gender. Not only are teachers more likely to recall more boys than girls, but also more boys than girls with average academic standards.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.177-196
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to help teachers and program developers develop comprehensive and authentic assessment models with appropriate ways of using various kinds of assessment tools in college English instruction and assessment. Assessing by traditional discrete tests based on grammar and vocabulary cannot measure the authentic ability for language use in meaningful context in the real world. Currently, the trend in language assessment is changing to performance assessment. Increased use of performance assessments that involve language students in selecting and reflecting on their learning means that language teachers will have a wider range of evidence on which to judge whether students are becoming purposeful and are able to communicate as English users. Also, language programs focused on performance assessment are likely to instil in students authentic skills related to communication in the global world and enable them to evaluate what they learn from their English classes. In this study, the author investigated the theoretical background, the need of change, and several types of performance assessment.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2022

This study examined e-resources usage among polytechnic students in Southwest Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted for this study and the population consisted of polytechnic students from The Polytechnic, Ibadan and Federal Polytechnic, Ede. There were 9671 students from both polytechnics. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed with a sample fraction of 5% was drawn from the total number of students in each faculty amounting to 381. A structured questionnaire was the major instrument used for data collection and the questionnaire was pre-tested using Cronbach-alpha to determine the reliability co-efficient. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS. The study found that the students from both polytechnics are aware of the e-resources and that the e-resources were mainly used for research, class assignment and to update knowledge. The problem such as epileptic power supply, poor internet connection and so on was identified. The study concluded that polytechnic students could benefit immensely from the enormous usage of e-resources particularly for teaching, learning and research. Based on the findings, recommendations were made.

• 아시아태평양코퍼스연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2021

With the wide spread of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) scales, many studies attempt to apply them in routine teaching and rater training, while more evidence regarding criterial features at different CEFR levels are still urgently needed. The current study aims to explore complexity features that distinguish and predict CEFR proficiency levels in oral performance. Using a quantitative/corpus-based approach, this research analyzed lexical and syntactic complexity features over 80 transcriptions (includes A1, A2, B1 CEFR levels, and native speakers), based on an interview test, Standard Speaking Test (SST). ANOVA and correlation analysis were conducted to exclude insignificant complexity indices before the discriminant analysis. In the result, distinctive differences in complexity between CEFR speaking levels were observed, and with a combination of six major complexity features as predictors, 78.8% of the oral transcriptions were classified into the appropriate CEFR proficiency levels. It further confirms the possibility of predicting CEFR level of L2 learners based on their objective linguistic features. This study can be helpful as an empirical reference in language pedagogy, especially for L2 learners' self-assessment and teachers' prediction of students' proficiency levels. Also, it offers implications for the validation of the rating criteria, and improvement of rating system.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.553-564
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 초등 예비교사 8명을 대상으로 과학 수업 비디오에 기초한 개인적, 협동적 반성 활동이 예비교사의 전문적 시각을 어떻게 변화시키는지 그 과정을 탐색하였다. 본 연구의 데이터로는 예비교사와의 개별 면담 녹음 자료, 예비교사의 과학 수업 지도안, 과학수업 비디오, 연구자가 수업 참관 시 작성한 현장 노트, 연구 일지, 예비교사가 작성한 이벤트 맵 등이 활용되었다. 예비교사의 전문적 시각은 '선택적 주목'과 '교육적 추론'의 두 가지 범주로 분석하였다. 선택적 주목은 1) 수업 운영과 통제, 2) 교사의 지도, 3) 학생의 사고와 학습 4) 내용 지식 5) 평가의 다섯 측면으로 구분하였고 교육적 추론수준은 증거의 수, 증거의 영역, 유형에 따라 6 수준으로 구분하였다. 연구 결과 수업 비디오에 기초한 개인적 반성은 '수업 운영과 통제'에 대한 주목을 줄이고 '교사의 지도'에 대해 좀 더 주목하도록 하는 효과가 있었다. '학생의 사고나 학습'에 대한 주목을 증진시키기 위해서는 수업 비디오에 대한 개인적 반성 활동만으로는 그 효과가 충분하지 않고 협동적 반성 활동이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 교육적 추론수준은 개인적 반성과 협동적 반성을 거치며 점진적으로 증가하였다. 학생의 사고나 학습에 대한 주장에서 하나의 증거보다는 여러 증거를 사용하게 되었고 증거의 영역과 유형도 좀 더 다양해졌다. 그러나 증거 형태는 직접적인 관찰에 의한 것이 대부분이었고, 교육이론에 기초한 증거는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 교사교육 과정에서 수업 비디오의 활용에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1999

The work of teachers is tile critical element ill effective shooting. But most reform efforts have focused on tile teaching profession as a whole and effective schools. Only minimal attention has been given to the subset of teachers whose performance is marginal or incompetent, those who undermine the very concept of “educational excellence.” Teachers are the school's primary point of contact with students and, in large part, determine the educational goals and learning activities for students. How teaching is conducted has a large impact on students' abilities to educate themselves, and there is evidence that teacher quality directly affects student learning. Unfortunately, the evaluation of teachers' teaching abilities is not clear, and there are few cases that teachers has correctly feedback fly tile results of the evaluation of their abilities. In this study, we analysized and compared the teacher evaluation systems of Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, and tile United States of America. These results will be based on the improvement of tile systems. In Russian Federation, the highest year of teacher's teaching which affects on teacher's salary is 5. In the United States, it is 12-13 years. But in Korea, it is more than 30 years. That means the teachers who taught for many years are considered as competent teachers in Republic of Korea based on the economic factors of educational effects. In Russia and tile United States of America, teachers' academic backgrounds seriously affect ell teachers' salary. But ill Republic of Korea, teachers' academic background is a bit of a contribution to salary. In Russian federation, teachers' activities related to education, leaking abilities as well as academic background are also affect ell the salary. In Korea, older teachers have more advantages of salary and promotion than younger teachers. Principals and vice principals of Korea have influencing power over teachers because their judgements on teachers play an important part in teachers' promotion. But there is no such power of principals and vice principals in Russia and the United States of America. In Russian federation, the evaluation of teachers abilities is enforced periodically. The results of tile evaluation reflect on teachers' salary directly, After teachers are evaluated, some teachers can earn lower salaries than before. Teachers' academic backgrounds which affect ell teacher' salary are classified by courses. The teachers who have master degrees or dolor degrees of education earn much more money than the teachers who have master degrees and doctor degrees of pure science in Russian federation.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1099-1108
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 학생들의 글쓰기에 나타난 논의 구조의 특징을 통해 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동의 효과를 심층적으로 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 전략을 바탕으로 개발된 중학교 2학년 프로그램 7개 주제를 적용한 후 학생들의 글쓰기에 나타난 논의 구조의 특징을 비교해 보았다. 이 연구를 위해 광역시 소재 중학교 2학년 2개 학급을 실험집단으로, 1개 학급을 비교집단으로 선정하여, 실험집단에는 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동을 실시하였고, 비교집단에는 전통적인 강의 및 실험 수업을 실시하였다. 프로그램의 처치 후 두 집단에게 요약 글쓰기를 실시하였고, 요약 글쓰기를 통해 학생들의 글쓰기에 나타나는 논의 구조의 특징을 살펴보았다. 프로그램의 처치 결과 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동을 실시한 실험집단 학생들이 전통적 강의 및 실험 수업을 실시한 비교 집단에 비해 요약 글쓰기에서 논의 구조를 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났고, 실험집단 학생들의 증거에서 설명과 함께 그림, 그래프, 예시 등의 다양한 표현 제시되어 있었다. 그리고 증거 제시 수준에서도 비교집단은 증거를 제시할 경우 단순한 용어 나열하는 반면 실험집단의 경우 상대방이 이해하기 쉽게 용어에 대한 설명을 하거나 예를 적절히 사용하고 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동이 학생들의 글쓰기에서 논의 구조에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 비교집단과 구별되는 특징을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.517-544
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• 2023

본 연구는 교과 간 연계·융합 수업자료 개발의 필요성이 높아지고 있음에도 고등학교에서 관련 수업 자료 개발 빈도가 적다는 선행연구의 연구 결과에 근거하여 수학과 정보 과목의 연계·융합 수업자료 개발 과정 및 결과물을 제시한 연구이다. 특히 본 연구는 동일한 교원학습공동체 프로그램에 참여한 6명의 교사들이 수학과 정보 교과 간 연계·융합 수업자료로서의 적합성과 현장 수업 적용 가능성이 높은 자료 개발을 목표로 논의한 과정들에 대한 정보를 담고 있다. 자료 개발 절차에 따라 주제기반 설계 모형을 적용하여 자료를 개발하였으며, 선행연구와 교원학습공동체 구성원의 합의 결과를 반영하여 100분 블록 수업 시간 동안 수학과 정보 과목의 교사가 함께 수업을 진행할 수 있는 수업 자료를 개발하였다. 개발한 자료는 사회적으로 이슈가 되었던 문제상황을 두 과목의 연결고리로 삼아 학생들이 수학적 모델링과 코딩을 통한 문제해결을 경험할 수 있는 자료이다. 개발된 자료는 '개발 자료를 현장에 적용하기에 타당한 자료인지 살펴보고 적용 실천성을 높이기 위하여' 현장 교사를 대상으로 CVR 검증을 통하여 검증을 하였으며, 그 결과를 반영하여 최종 개발된 수업 자료를 지도안 형태로 제시하였다. 또한 자료 개발 과정에서 개발자들의 경험한 시행착오와 고민도 함께 기술하여 현장 연구자들의 관련 연구 수행에 기초가 될 수 있는 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 수업자료 개발 모형이 실제 수업에 적용가능한지 탐색할 수 있는 실증적인 자료로서의 가치를 가지며, 이들 자료의 축적은 이론적인 수업 모형과 실제적인 현장 수업 사이의 선순환적인 관계 구축에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.245-261
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• 1999

Proof is an essential characteristic of mathematics and as such should be a key component in mathematics education. But, teaching proof in school mathematics have been unsuccessful for many students. The traditional approach to proofs stresses formal logic and rigorous proof. Thus, most students have difficulties of the concept of proof and students' experiences with proof do not seem meaningful to them. However, different views of proof were asserted in the reassessment of the foundations of mathematics and the nature of mathematical truth. These different views of justification need to be reflected in demonstrative geometry classes. The purpose of this study is to characterize the types of students' justification in demonstrative geometry classes taught using dynamic software. The types of justification can be organized into three categories : empirical justification, deductive justification, and authoritarian justification. Empirical justification are based on evidence from examples, whereas deductive justification are based logical reasoning. If we assume that a strong understanding of demonstrative geometry is shown when empirical justification and deductive justification coexist and benefit from each other, then students' justification should not only some empirical basis but also use chains of deductive reasoning. Thus, interaction between empirical and deductive justification is important. Dynamic geometry software can be used to design the approach to justification that can be successful in moving students toward meaningful justification of ideas. Interactive geometry software can connect visual and empirical justification to higher levels of geometric justification with logical arguments in formal proof.