• 생약학회지
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• 제37권2호통권145호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2006

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) on the male sexual functions. EPO (daily 0.5 ml/mouse) was orally intubated for 28 consecutive days to experimental ICR mice, and same vol. of vehicle to control mice. On the 14th and 28th experimental day, the testis weight, number of complete intromissions and mating, serum testosterone and cGMP levels, prostaglandin leveIs of penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells, and NO-productive activity of endothelial cells were determined. The weight of body and testis, the number of complete intromissions during the 3hour period were somewhat increased in EPO treated mice than those of control. The number of sperm-positive females and testosterone level in serum were increased in experimental groups. The serum cGMP level was significantly increased but the NO production of ionomycin-stimulated HUVEC cells was not affected when EPO was added into cultures. These results suggest that oral administration of EPO enhanced the sexual functions of male mice, and EPO could be developed as a tonic improving sexual functions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of chemical and sensory properties and cholesterol lowering effect of milk treated with $\beta$-cyclodextrin to reduce cholesterol and supplemented with evening primrose oil (EPO). The average cholesterol removal rate was 93.5%. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) absorbance increased proportionally to storage period and amount of EPO addition. TBA absorbance was significantly different in the EPO-added groups from that in unadded groups in all periods. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) increased with longer period of storage. From 6 days of storage, the amounts of short-chain FFA in 6 and 10% EPO-added groups were significantly different from other groups. The scores for all sensory characteristics indicated that sensory quality decreased with both storage time and increasing amount of EPO. Oxidative off-flavor and off-taste were more intense with higher amounts of EPO addition and longer storage period. Also, the higher the amount of EPO addition, the lower overall scores throughout the 15 day storage. Feeding 10% EPO-supplemented cholesterol-reduced milk increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) in male Sprague-Dawley rats by 76%, which is significantly different from the control (27%).

• 약학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.93-109
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• 1992

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate both the immunomodulatory effect of evening primrose(EP) oil and the effects of EP oil on immunoregulation by cyclophosphamide in mice. EP oil at doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/kg were orally administered to ICR male mice once daily for 28 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally to ICR mice with a single dose of 5 mg/kg at 2 days before secondary immunization. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells(S-RBC). Immnune responses were evaluated by humoral and cellular immune responses and non-specific immune response. The results of this study were summarized as follows; (1) The humoral immune responses such as hemagglutination titer(HA), hemolysin titer(HY), Arthus reaction and plaque forming cell(PFC) were significantly enhanced in the low dose EP oil administered groups(0.1 and 0.2 ml/kg). However, in the high dose EP oil administered group(0.4 ml/kg) the responses were significantly lowered. (2) In the case of cellular immune responses, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction(DTH) was significantly decreased in EP oil whereas rosette forming cell(RFC) was remarkably enhanced. (3) Activities of natural killer cells and phagocyte were generally enhanced in EP oil. In addition, serum albumin and globulin were also increased.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.176-178
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• 1990

한국에서 자생군락이 비교적 큰 3지역에서 채집한 달맞이꽃 종자의 필수 지방산을 Capillary column gas chromatography로 분석하였다. 각 지방산의 조성 함량은 palmitic acid가 6.19-6. 73%, stearic acid가 1.84-l.99%, oleic acid 가 6.73-9.10%, linoleic acid가 74.41-75.53%이었다. 특히 prostaglandin의 전구체인 GLA는 청주가 9.14%, 제천이 9.32%이고, 안동이 8.31%이었다. 따라서 한국의 자생 달맞이꽃은 GLA자원으로 유용한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.312-319
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• 1991

n-3계 EPA 및 DHA를 함유하고 있는 어유 및 $\alpha$- linoleic acid 함량이 많은 들깨유와 n-6계 linoleic acid 의 함량이 많은 옥수수유 및 고추종자유, n-6계 inoleic acid 함량이 많고 ${\gamma}$-linoleic acid를 약 10% 함유한 달맞이꽃종자유가 흰쥐의 혈청 지질 개선에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 혈청 지질 성분을 분석한 결과, 총콜레스테롤 농도는 어유, 들깨유, 옥수수유 급여군이 대조군인 올리브유 급여군 보다 낮은 반면 고추종 자유, 달맞이꽃종자유 급여군에서 높았다. HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 고추종자유, 달맞이꽃종자유 급여군에서 약간 높게 나타났다. 총콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도비는 전 실험군에서 대조군보다 높았다. 유리콜레스테롤은 고추종자유 급여군을 제외한 전 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의성있게 낮았으며 특히 어유, 들깨유 및 옥수수유 급여군에서 더욱 낮게 나타났다. 콜레스테롤 에스테르 농도는 n-6계 다불포화지방산 함량이 많은 고추종자유, 달맞이꽃종자유 군에서 높았다. 총콜레스테롤에 대한 콜레스테롤 에스테르 농도비는 대조군인 올리브유 급여군(62%)보다 전 실험군(70.0%~74.4%)에서 높게 나타났다. 인지질 농도는 어유 및 들깨유 급여군에서 낮았고, 중성지질 농도는 대조군에 비해 들깨유, 어유, 달맞이꽃종자유 군에서 현저히 낮았다. LCAT 활성은 대조군보다 돈지 급여군에서 높은 반면, 다른 실험군에서는 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1989

In the present study, the oxidative stability of Korean evening primrose oil (EPO) stored in various conditions, i.e., dark, cool, fluorescent light and daylight irradiation were investigated. Furthermore difference between the compositional content of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) of EPO and that of alpha-linolenic acid of soybean oil (SOY) undergoing various modes of oxidation was observed. The results of the present study were as follows: More rapid autoxidative reations of EPO than that of SOY in vairous conditions increased in order of daylight, fluorescent light, cool and dark. Espectially, autoxidative rates of EPO increased rapidly on exposure to daylight and fluorescent light. This probably was due to chlorophyll functioned as a photosensitizer resulting in rapid oxidation of the EPO during irrdadiation of light. However, there was no difference between compositional content of GLA in EPO and alpha-linolenic acid in SOY undergoing various modes of oxidation. Therefore, theripid oxidative rate of EPO could be due to the catalytic effect of the chlorophyll on the photoxidation and the free radical reaction of PUFA.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary oils on the levels of the ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid in chicken meat lipids. Three hundred ten five, 1-d old, male, Ross strain, broiler chicks were fed for 35 d to compare diets containing evening primrose oil(EPO) and hemp seed oil(HO) to a control diet. Fatty acid composition of lipid from chicken skin, thigh and breast muscle were determined at the end of the trial. The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken meat fed diets containing EPO or HO was significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken skin was highest in the group, which had been fed the EPO 0.85%, followed in order by EPO 0.7%, 0.5%, EPO mixed oil, HO and HO mixed oil. There was a significant difference in the level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of chicken skin between the control and treatment groups(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken thigh muscle was also similar to skin, and significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of lipids from chicken breast muscle was highest in the group, which had been fed the EPO 0.5%, followed in order by EPO 0.7%, 0.85%, HO 0.5% and HO mixed oil. There was a significant difference in the level of ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid of chicken breast muscle between the control and treatment groups(p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.450-458
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• 2006

The present study was carried out to investigate the changes in chemical and sensory properties, and cholesterol lowering effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) addition in cholesterol-reduced Cheddar cheese. The cholesterol removal rate reached 92.07% by ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin in the cheese before EPO addition. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of cholesterol-reduced and EPO-added cheese increased with both ripening time and amount of EPO addition. Addition of 5% EPO resulted in a significant difference in TBA value after 4-week ripening, compared with no addition of EPO. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) increased with ripening period in all treatments. From 4 week of ripening, the amounts of short-chain FFA in 3 and 5% EPO-added groups were significantly higher than those in other groups. Among sensory characteristics, rancidity was mostly affected by EPO addition, however, the rancidity value of 1% EPO-added was not significantly different from that of EPO-free and cholesterol-reduced cheese. Also, Cheddar cheese flavor was not profoundly affected by 1% EPO addition in all ripening periods. Total blood cholesterol dramatically decreased from 184.0 to 137.1 mg/dL with 5% EPO-added and cholesterol-reduced cheese following 8 weeks of feeding. The present results indicated that 5% EPO addition resulted in a profound lowering effect on blood total cholesterol with some adverse effects on chemical and sensory properties.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.884-889
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• 1989

이유한 수컷 흰쥐를 혈장 콜레스테롤의 수준에 따라 미리 4군으로 분류한 다음 옥수수배아유, 돈지 및 달맞이꽃 종자유를 15% 함유하고 콜레스테롤이 0.5%씩 첨가된 실험식이로 사육하였다. 콜레스테롤을 첨가하지 않은 대조군의 식이유지 급원으로는 옥수수배아유를 사용하였다. 4주간의 사육실험 후 혈장 콜레스테롤과 적혈구막 및 대동맥의 지방산조성을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 달맞이꽃 종자유를 급여한 흰쥐는 다른 실험군에 비하여 혈장 콜레스테롤이 낮은 수준을 나타내었으며 옥수수배아유 섭취군에서 식이 콜레스테롤의 첨가 유무가 혈장 콜레스테롤의 수준에 큰 영향을 미치지는 못하였다. 그리고 상기 조직에서 달맞이꽃 종유의 섭취군에서 GLA의 대사산물인 DGLA와 AA의 함량이 증가하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 1990

달맞이꽃 종자유의 산화안정성에 대한 0.02%(w/w), 0.05%(w/w) 및 0.10%의 알파와 델타토코페롤의 첨가효과를 과산화물가, 공액이중산가 및 지방산조성의 측정치로 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 알파토코페롤은 첨가농도에 비례하여 모든 측정치에서 무첨가군에 비해 가속적인 산화촉진작용을 나타냈으며 델타토코페롤은 무첨가군에 비해 약간의 항산화효과가 저장초기에 첨가농도에 비례하여 나타났으나 저장일이 경과됨에 따라 그 효과는 저하되는 경향이었다. 따라서 자체내 분자구조 및 높은 함량의 고도 불포화지방산으로 인해 저장성이 취약할 것으로 예측된 달맞이꽃 종자유의 산화안정성에 대한 토코페롤의 첨가는 기름제조 단계에서부터 이화학적 변화에 대한 각별한 주의와 함께 첨가전의 토코페롤의 함량 등이 신중하게 고려되어 결정되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.