• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.151-163
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The break-even point refers to the point where total profit and total cost coincide, and from this point on, the entrepreneur's decision-making takes a different route. Strategic decisions can be made for more efficient operation and eventually for more likelihood for growth and sustainability if a startup figures out when it recoups the investment and switches to a net profit. Design/methodology/approach - 748 creativity and skill-based sole proprietors in manufacturing industry were examined to demonstrate the effect of the entrepreneur's entrepreneurial experience and education level, the business launch preparation time, or the self-financing on the achievement of break-even point. Findings - While the business launch preparation time lowered the likelihood of reaching a break-even point, self-financing increased the likelihood. As a result of further analysis by subdividing into subgroups according to skill level, only the business launch preparation time was statistically significant in the highly skilled industries. In the low skilled industries, in addition to the business launch preparation time, the CEO's education level and the self-financing were statistically significant. Research implications or Originality - The longer the business launch preparation time, the higher the start-up cost, which increases the burden of initial cost recovery, and the agile response to market changes is thereby delayed, resulting in the business idea losing its appeal. Self-financing not only provides stability and strong motivation for the business operation but also promotes careful spending which contributes to the achievement of break-even point. In particular, it is found that practical experience is more useful than theoretical knowledge in low skilled industries. Due to the limitation of secondary data based on the recollection, the time required to reach a break-even point, percentage of financing sources, etc. may include cognitive errors. In addition, variables are not included that explain the characteristics of creativity and skill-based sole proprietorship, so it is necessary to exercise caution with the actual application.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.1156-1168
• /
• 2007

The somatotropic (GH-IGF-I) axis consists of many hormonal and nutritional factors that control GH release from the somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. The GH-releasing substances are GHRH and GHS (GHRP or ghrelin), while the GH release-inhibiting substances are somatostatin (SRIF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), leptin and glucocorticoids. However, there is evidence showing that nutrition is involved in the control of the somatotropic axis. In addition, weaning is a drastic event for neonates because their alimentary and endocrine circumstances are changed due to the switch, even if gradual, from a liquid milk diet to one composed of such solids as hay and grains. The biological role of ghrelin is one of the hormonal factors that have been focused on ever since ghrelin was discovered at the end of the last century. A 27-amino acid peptide that is mainly synthesized and released from the abomasum epithelium, ghrelin has not been fully evaluated in relation to the somatotropic axis of the ruminant. It has also proven difficult even to investigate the cellular mechanisms of ghrelin action, because this hormone exerts animal-species-dependent actions via a complex set of intracellular signaling pathways. This is also the case for the action of leptin. Another substance, IGF-I, shows a partial inhibitory action on GH secretion in the ruminant. The effect of nutrition is also different among animal species. This is evident by the fact that undernutrition suppresses the circulating GH levels in rodents, but increases it in ruminants and humans. Recently, weaning has been shown to change the postprandial GH responses in ruminants; milk feeding increases, but hay and concentrate feeding suppress, the postprandial circulating GH levels. Even if the postprandial GH level is increased, the ghrelin level is decreased by milk feeding. Macronutrients also possess stimulatory and inhibitory actions on GH secretion in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicate the complexity of the control mechanisms of the somatotropic axis. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the factors controlling the axis of the ruminant.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.8A
• /
• pp.805-813
• /
• 2002

Document image should be classified into detailed regions as text, picture, table and etc through the geometric layout analysis if paper documents can be converted automatically into electronic documents. However, complexity of the document layout and variety of the size and density of a picture are the reason to make it difficult to analyze the geometric layout of the document images. In this paper, we propose the method which have a better performance of the region segmentation and classifications, and the line extraction in the table region than the commercial softwares and previous methods. The proposed method can segment the document into detailed regions by using connected components method even if its layout is complex. This method also classifies texts and pictures by using separable median filter even. Though their size and density are diverse, In addition, this method extracts the lines from the table adapting one dimensional median filter to the each horizontal and vertical direction, even though lines are deformed or texts attached to them.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 2016

Objectives : Generally, pulsation is influenced by climate change in the realms of nature. However, there is a theory explaining a phenomenon in which the pulse gets weaker and even absent for no reason, without affected by diseases; this is the Theory of South and North Politics with which medical practitioners need to be familiar when taking the pulse of patients. Methods : The researcher considered all the previous annotations and the original text of SuWen (素問) ZhiZhenYaoDaLun(至眞要大論). Results : In Five Elements' Evolutions, JiaJi(甲己) becomes Tu(土), which turns itself into the king, an honorable duty. JiaJi is a period of South Politics because it looks south to give an order while the rest eight years is a period of North Politics because they are headed north to receive an order. Conclusions : Since South Politics years look south as a standard, Cun(寸) is located at the south and Chi(尺) is at the north. Controlling the Heaven energy(司天) is located at the south and Effecting the Earth energy(在泉) is at the north. Therefore, if Sanyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(三陰司天), the Cun pulse is absent; if Shaoyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(少陰司天), Cun pulses on both wrists are not felt; if Jueyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(厥陰司天), the Cun pulse on the right wrist disappears; if Taiyin is Controlling the Heaven energy(太陰司天), the Cun pulse on the left wrist is not felt. In the case of Chi, if Sanyin is Effecting the Earth energy(三陰在泉), the Chi pulse is absent; if Shaoyin is Effecting the Earth energy(少陰在泉), Chi pulses on both wrists are not felt; if Jueyin is Effecting the Earth energy(厥陰在泉), the Chi pulse on the right wrist disappears; if Taiyin is Effecting the Earth energy(太陰在泉), the Chi pulse on the left wrist is not felt. North Politics years appears conversely as compared with South Politics years.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.198-206
• /
• 2012

The Lease Registration Instruction system that newly established in 4th opening a court of the Housing Lease Protection Act has regulated the following. After the lease expires, if finish the lease registering on the rental house to leaseholder who did not return the deposit. Previous opposing power and Priority Repayment Right are preserved intact. And after the leasehold registration, even if loss the claiming requisite of Housing Lease Protection Act's Article 3 Paragraph 1, already acquired opposing power and the Priority Repayment Right will not be lost. Thus, the tenants free to transfer its residences without anxiety. So it is focused on protecting tenant's rights who social and economic weak person. But in reality, did not return the expensive lease deposit. So, most tenants cannot transfer freely their residences. Or even if migration as completing the lease registration unavoidably by Lease Registration Instruction, they cannot receive their lease deposit as soon as possible, like this there are many problems. So, propose the improvement plan by this study.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.567-573
• /
• 2019

DABF(Dissolve Air Flotation with Ball Filter) is developed as the DAF with the addition of a fiber ball at the lower part of the DAF. The DABF with a capacity of 4,500 ㎥/h was constructed at Gijang SWRO plant in Busan. Since the ball filter has high filtration rate, the loading rate of DABF was designed from 20 to 42 ㎥/h/㎡. When one DABF basin is in the back washing mode, the loading rate of other two DABF basins is increased to 42 ㎥/h/㎡. Turbidity at the BF outlet in DABF is <2 NTU at turbidity of 5-10 NTU at the BF inlet. If there is no algae bloom and turbidity is low in raw seawater, only BF in DABF is operated and meets <2 NTU at the BF outlet. Even if BF is operated at high hydraulic loading rates, no significant differential pressure increases and reduction in the turbidity removal rate is minimal in a day. Thus, DABF is the pre-treatment technology that provides stable water quality even with BF onlyoperation without DAF operation. Compared with the DAF, DABF requires additional facilities such as valves, piping, and drainage systems for backwashing the BF. But in terms of footprint and operating costs, DABF has more advantages than DAF. With DABF application, the load of the downstream filtration equipment is decreased so that the capacity of the filtration equipment can be reduced. Also, if the downstream filtration equipment is to be maintained the same regardless of DABF, the operating cost of DABF is less than DAF.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2020

As the Ministry of Education adds an item to evaluate whether a university strictly manages class time compliance and student attendance, the number of cases in which universities use electronic attendance systems is increasing. If you use the electronic attendance system, you can manage attendance and record management in real time. In this paper, I would like to suggest a solution to the prevention of cheating, which is a problem with the existing electronic attendance system. In this paper, automatic attendance is possible by automatic or correction. If the electronic attendance is performed manually, the BLE beacon service of the professor's smartphone is activated, and then the student's electronic attendance application is automatically executed using the push message service. When the student clicks the attendance check button and the beacon is found, attendance is processed. In the case of automatic processing, the beacon is automatically searched and attendance is handled even if the student is not involved. The proposed system automatically handles attendance even when the student does not recognize it, and has the advantage of preventing illegal attendance because it can reconfirm attendance at unspecified intervals.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2010

As a reinforced fabric, asbestos has been utilized as a fire-resistant material as it has a superior flexural stiffness and heat resistance up to $1500^{\circ}C$. However, due to its harmfulness, its use has been prohibited recently and the even the installed asbestos materials are being repaired or supplemented if there is a concern about flying. Asbestos is mainly used for construction panels as a reinforced fabric and coating materials to ensure the fire-resistance of steel frames. Asbestos was used as fire-resistant materials for steel frames until 1991 and then prohibited as Act on Industrial Safety and Health limits the concentration of asbestos in the air. Classified as a designated waste according to Act on Waste Control, asbestos must be buried if there is no possibility of flying (panel-type materials) or cement-solidified and then buried if there is a possibility of flying (spray coating material) In general, it is required that a new waste landfill include a certain landfill facility for designated waste, but in reality there is an absolute storage of landfill facilities for designated waste as they only install facilities of the size required by the regulations. This could result in the 2nd environmental pollution as they cannot process asbestos wastes which will be generated in large volume in the future. This study explores a method that melts asbestos wastes at $700^{\circ}C$ rather than cement-solidifying the waste asbestos from construction sites, especially asbestos-containing spray coating. The study results showed that there was no change in the composition and shape even though asbestos wastes was melted at $1300^{\circ}C$, but there was a change for the specimen which was process in advance for low temperature melting and then melt at $900^{\circ}C$.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.15
• /
• pp.7-31
• /
• 2001

All legal systems set out the principle of full compensation of damages, which aims to fulfil the plaintiff's expectations by putting him into as good a position as he would have been in if the contract had been performed. On the other hand, they place some limitations on the full recoverability of damages for breach of contract. In Civil Law systems, 'fault' is a necessary requirement for liability for damages, and the extent of recoverable damages is directly related to the degree of the dependent's fault. This principle, however, is not adopted by Common Law systems, in which the dependent would be liable in damages for breach of contract even though the breach was not due to his fault. The CISG is in a similar position to the latter systems. In Common Law systems as well as CISG, the extent of liability of the party in breach for damages depends on whether he foresaw or could have foreseen the damages at the time of contracting. Unlike the position in Civil Law systems, foreseeability seems to be the most effective principle to decide the extent. The tests for remoteness centre on reasonable foreseeability or contemplation of the loss. The party in breach is liable even for loss indirectly caused to the other party provided that this loss was foreseeable or contemplated by the party in breach. However, this manner to decide remoteness may lead to unreasonable results in some cases. If the party in breach were the inveterate pessimist who foresaw all sorts of possible damages, he could foresee damages too remote from the breach of duty. If this fact were revealed in the course of trial, he should be liable for such indirect damages. This is really undesirable result. Therefore, as to the remoteness test, the criterion of whether the loss is foreseen or contemplated must not be adopted. Foreseeability by reasonable person must be the only available criterion.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.8
• /
• pp.175-198
• /
• 2006

Quite a few historiographers of language science have measured the applicability of the term 'revolution' toward the line of work initiated by Chomsky, with the conclusion to the positive or negative effect as the case may be. This paper starts out with a brief review of this issue, with an interim conclusion that, while Chomskyan linguistics may be regarded as revolutionary in certain aspects, terms like 'revolution' and 'paradigm' are hardly applicable here in the way they were originally intended by Thomas Kuhn. It can be said, nontechnically, that the model of theory under discussion is at once 'revolutionary' and 'evolutionary' - in the sense that revolutions in linguistics have not resulted in abrupt loss of continuity with past 'paradigms', if there were any such. Chomsky's theory of language plays the same role of consolidation and refinement of structuralism that, say, the neogrmmarians played in their day. It has continued some fundamental traits of its predecessor, recovered others, and unwittingly rediscovered still others. But this is not the main thrust of the present paper. For, even if Chomskyan theory were to be looked upon as straightforwardly 'revolutionary', that revolution has not been a felicitous one. Some critic (Pieter A. M. Seuren, to be specific) goes as far as to say that "largely as a result of Chomsky's actions, linguistics is now sociologically in a very unhealthy state $\cdots$ to the point even of threatening to make that whole school of linguistics intellectually irrelevant." Besides, under the present state of language science that strikes one as typical of what Kuhn has characterized as "pre-paradigmatic" insecurity and disharmony, an unhealthy situation might take place if we were to think of the theoretical disagreements as conflicts between 'incommensurable' viewpoints-between 'rival paradigms' as it were-thereby avoiding or evading rational discussion. Another danger concerns the bandwagon effect, with linguists prematurely boarding each novel theory seemingly destined for popularity, for fear of being left clinging to an outdated 'paradigm.' Here lies another reason why the notion of 'revolution', Kuhnian or not, might as well be put aside, in the historiography of linguistics at the least.