• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2014

PURPOSES : Daejeon is basically divided into an old downtown and a new downtown, and the recent relocation of the Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government of Republic of Korea from the old downtown and the opening of governmental buildings in the new downtown as well have made this new downtown only densely populated with industrial and business facilities. Such changes in the downtowns have promoted the conditions of the new downtown while, consequently, dragging down the old downtown. Out of concern for those unbalanced developments of the two downtowns, Daejeon is now carrying out several city projects to revive the old downtown. In the light of that, as a part of the project to promote the old downtown, this study aims to conduct an evaluation on landscape of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong which was built upon those ideas of a theme street project by Daejeon. METHODS : Based on the findings from the questionnaire not only on the components that would design the streetscape of the culture and arts street but also on the public satisfaction with the streetscape, the study defined how those changes in the components affect emotional factors of the pedestrians. In order to achieve the research goal, the study made changes in D/H ratio of the street structural components as well as the roadside trees. In terms of the questionnaire method, the study used the SD scale, and proceeded with its investigation through the frequency analysis, the principal component analysis (the factor analysis) and the structural equation model. RESULTS : According to the results from the factor analysis and the regression analysis, of those three factors, such as the openness, the comfortable sensation and the safety, the openness followed by the comfortable sensation and the safety was determined to have the most positive influence on the total satisfaction. The structural model analysis reported that the D/H and the structural components of the roadside trees and planting have a positive effect on the emotional image, and this emotional image also appeared to be positively related to the total satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS : This study looked into how the changes in the street structural components of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong would affect the satisfaction with the streetscape, and finally confirmed that the D/H and the planting are what would have a positive effect on this satisfaction. What has been learned from this study will be the basic data to figure out how to promote and improve the culture and arts street in Daeheung-dong as this data will also help designing and developing of those specialized streets in other regions.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

동아시아의 국제도시로서 서울은 활기찬 야경분위기를 자랑하고 있다. 형형색색의 간판과 옥외조명등이 주요야경요소를 구성하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울의 도심야경을 분석하기 위하여 주요도심가로를 분석하여 지역과 도심야경요소를 각각 특징 있게 표현하는 4곳을 최종적으로 선정하여 촬영 후, 슬라이드를 작성하였다. 이후 도심의 야간가로경관의 이미지에 대한 주관적인 반응을 분석하기 위하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. SPSS 10.0통계프로그램을 사용하여 설문조사결과를 분석하였고, 프로파일분석, 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 분산분석등이 통계기법으로 사용되었다. 연구결과에 따르면, 야간가로경관 4(상업 및 업무중심지구의 야간가로경관)는 흥미롭고 활발한 야경이미지를 보였으며 야간가로경관 1(경관조명이 되고 있는 쇼핑지역의 고층건물 야간가로경관)은 아름답고 조화로운 이미지를 나타내고 있다. 요인분석결과, '조화로운'과 '활기찬'이 대표적인 요인명으로 명명되었다. '정돈됨'에 관한 변수는 '조화로움'에 관한 변수에 가장 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내고 있으며, '따뜻하다'에 대한 변수를 제외한 모든 변수에서 야간가로경관들 사이에 평균값의 차이를 나타내고 있으며, 그중 '아름다움'에 관한 변수가 야간가로경관별고 평균값의 차이가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation method to assess green environments of streetscapes to improve urban street green spaces in Jeonju City. Through a rapid assessment of urban street green spaces, we suggest an objective basis for expanding street green space as well as for adopting sustainable maintenance and improvement measures. We choose 12 sections of streetscapes (roads and sidewalks) to investigate existing street conditions which have more than four lanes and function as major road axes. Six large roads and six medium roads of Jeonju City center area are investigated as pilot assessment study sites. Site inventory checklists consist of environmental characteristics of streetscape, street tree status, and planting condition evaluation. Environmental characteristics of streetscapes are composed of physical and neighborhood factors. For instance, items for physical factors are types and width of road/sidewalks, paving materials, tree protection materials, and green strip. And surrounding landuse is a neighborhood factor. Assessment items for street tree status are street plant names (tree/shrubs/ground cover), size, and planting intervals. Planting condition evaluation items are tree shape, damage, canopy density, and planting types with existence of adjacent green space. Evaluation results are classified into three levels such as A(maintain or repair), B(greening enhancement), and C(structural improvement). In case of grade A, streetscapes have enough sidewalk width for maintaining green strip and a multi-layered planting(in large road only) with fairly good growing conditions of street trees. For grade B and C, streetscapes have a moderate level of sidewalk width with a single street tree planting. In addition, street tree growing conditions are appeared poor so that green enhancement or maintenance measures are needed. For median, only grade B and C are found as its planting growing foundations are very limited in space. As a result, acquiring enough sidewalk space is essential to enhance ecological quality of urban street green. Especially, it is necessary to have green strip with reasonable widths for plant growing conditions in sidewalks. In addition, we need to consider native species with multi-layer plant compositions while designing street green.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

Regarding urban design in this 21st century, cities pursue human-oriented urban design through which nature, cities, and human beings are unified and interact with one another. For such urban design maintenance, it is needed to conduct systematic analysis and synthesis on various and complex factors of cities expressing urban images. Also, it is necessary to secure methods to evaluate those cities based on urban users' visual information. Thereupon, this study aims to suggest urban design evaluation methods which accept human behavior or needs and also allow us to figure out desirable images. For this, the study established the construction system of the most basic urban design components that form cities through literature review and expert evaluation. And it examines correlation among those factors with statistic means. Through this, the study suggests a new urban design evaluation system and evaluation process divided into experts and users so as to reflect user behavior or needs.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2011

본 연구는 3차원 시뮬레이션을 활용한 가로경관 평가를 위해 경관 재현 정도를 높여 줄 수 있는 시뮬레이션 제작기법을 선정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 유사성 검증 및 계절별 가로경관의 이용자 심리변화를 평가하였다. 분석결과, 경관시뮬레이션의 자연물 중 수목은 근 중경의 경우 normal map 기법을 적용한 Low 기법을 사용하고, 원경은 Plane 기법을 활용하는 것이 효율적으로 나타났다. 형태적 유사성은 모든 지표가 4.50점 이상으로 평가되었으며, 심리적 유사성은 '질서없는-질서있는', '지저분한-깨끗한' 등의 지표를 제외한 대부분의 심리지표에서 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 계절별 경관시뮬레이션을 분석한 결과, 봄의 가로경관은 '밝은', '이름다운', '정적인' 등의 지표가 높게 평가되었다. 여름의 가로경관은 '시원한', '상쾌한', '생기 있는' 이미지가 높게 나타났으며, 가을은 '따뜻한', '어두운' 등이 높게 분석되었다. 겨울은 '질서 있는'을 제외한 모든 형용사가 중간 값 보다 낮게 평가된 것으로 나타났다. 계절별 가로경관에 대한 선호도는 여름과 봄의 선호도가 5.01, 4.98로 높게 나타났으며, 겨울이 3.48로 가장 낮았다. 계절별 선호요인을 분석한 결과, 봄의 가로경관은 심미성이 0.540으로 선호도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여름의 경우 정연성이 0.417로 영향력이 높게 분석되었으며, 가을은 다양성과 심미성이, 겨울은 다양성, 심미성, 정연성의 순서로 선호도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 경관시뮬레이션 기법을 적용해 다양한 도시가로를 비교분석 한다면, 각각의 가로에 적합한 수목으로 공간계획이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

본 연구 대상지는 한국의 전통과 문화를 상징해 줄 수 있는 공간인 서울 시 인사동과 중국의 역사적 가치가 많이 나타나는 전통거리인 상해 시 신천지를 선정하였다. 경관구성요소인 건축입면, 옥외광고물, 바닥포장, 가로시설물을 4가지 항목으로 구분하여 정량적 색채 분석을 시도한 결과, 전체적으로 인사동의 색상은 Y(Yellow), YR(Yellow)계열에 가장 높은 분포를 보이는 것에 비하여, 신천지는 무채색의 비율이 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있다. 색조에서는 인사동의 경우 Dk(Dark) 색조의 사용빈도가 상대적으로 높은 반면, 신천지는 고명도인 P(Pure), L(Light) 색조와 중명도, 저채도인 Gr(Grayish) 색조에서 높게 나타나고 있다. 이런 색채 특성을 종합해 보면 전통적 의미의 상징보다는 도시 전체적 이미지에 더 큰 비중을 두고 있는 것을 알 수 있으며, 따라서 이를 통해 향후 양국의 도심지 가로경관의 색채특성에 개선해야 할 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 이러한 한국과 중국 전통적 가로경관의 배색 차이점은 두 나라 건축공간의 배경, 나아가서 양국 문화의 차이점을 이해하는데 중요한 근거가 될 것이며, 추후 이러한 비교연구가 더욱 폭 넓게 진행된다면 현대적 문화표현을 이해하는 데에도 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.23-41
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• 1988

Environmental design pattern of the nine Small Urban Spaces at C.B.D. in City of Seoul are surveyed and analyzed for user's satisfaction and behavior under the environmental design evaluation by using Chrisopher Alexander's Pattern Language. Small Urban Spaces as a part of streetscape are formed by physical factors as well as visual environment and interacting user's behavior. Therefore, user's satisfacuion and behavior at the nine Urban Small Spaces were investigated under the further search for some possibilities of a pplication of those Pattern Languages. A pattern language has a structure of a network. It is used in sequence, going through the patterns, moving always from large patterns to smaller, always from the ones which create comes simply from the obsernation that most of the wonderful places of the city were not made by architects but by the people. It defines the limited number of arrangements of spaces that make sense in any given culture. And it actually gives us the power to generate these coherent arrangement of space. As a results, 'Plazl', 'Seats' and 'Accessibility' related design patterns are highly evaluated by Pattern Frequency, Pattern Interaction and their Composition ranks, thus reconfirm Whyte's Praise of urban Small Spaces in our inner city design environments. According to the multiple regression analysis of user's evaluation, the environmental functins related to the satisfaction were 'Plaza', 'Accessibility' and 'Paving'. According to the free response, user's prefer such visually pleasing environmental design object as 'Waterscape' and 'Setting'. In addition to, the basic needs in Urban Small Spaces are amenity facilities as bench, drinking water and shade for rest.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2003

This study aims to evaluate the Ulsan city residents' perception and satisfaction with open spaces and cityscape after consideration in the side of getting primary data for the city open spaces policy and Green Plan for Ulsan city. In this study, low data was gathered by questionnaires survey with stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires were designed by several sets of variables such as behavioral patterns, satisfactions for open spaces and user's demographic variables. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation and regression analysis. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. In overage the residents were slightly satisfied with park open spaces. There were good and poor park open spaces. in the perceptions of citizens as follows : 'nearby mountain and open spaces', 'rail side green area' were high satisfactory, and 'riverside', 'green qualities' were low in satisfaction. 2. In overage the residents were slightly satisfied with cityscape. There were good and poor cityscape in the perceptions of citizens as follows : 'nearby forest in and open spaces', 'night scape of an urban center' were high satisfactory, and 'streetscape', 'appearances of high-rise buildings' were low in satisfaction. 3. As a results of regression analysis predictable variables for satisfaction with Park and Open spaces were : 'open spaces by the public', 'open spaces by neighbor', 'grande open spaces', 'open spaces of residence'. 4. As a results of regression analysis predictable variables for satisfaction with cityscape were : 'Central Business District(C.B.D) and nearby mountain and open spaces', 'residence and streetscape', 'riverside and park green open spaces'.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2013

본 논문은 경전철 건설로 인한 도심의 경관훼손 저감 및 쾌적한 가로경관을 위한 교량하부녹화방안을 제시하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 연구의 대상지는 대구광역시 도시철도 3호선이 건설되는 구간이며, 고층아파트 및 상업시설이 밀집된 지역을 사례지로선정하였다. 교량하부 녹화방식을 유형화한 뒤, 유형별 선호도의 차이와 시각적 이미지를 평가하고자 3차원 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 각 장면을 제작하였으며, 경관형용사를 이용하여 설문평가를 실시하였다. 분석결과, 화목열식유형의 선호도가 가장 높게 평가되었으며, 교량경관에 대한 선호도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 조화성인 것으로 나타났다. 이는 교량하부의 효율적인 녹화계획을 위한 기반을 마련하는데 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Streetscape plays on important role in urban cities. Characteristics of streets is basically defined by the building facade, signs, plants and paving during the daytime. However at night, street receives a new appearance due to the shop light from the buildings, exterior lightings, signboards and street light, and it creates most of the image of the streets. This study aims to analyze the luminous environment and its subjective image of two different pedestrian's commercial streets. Insa-dong street and Myungdong street were chosen for the study. Horizontal illuminance and luminance on building surface, advertisement billboards and pedestrian road were measured. Thirty students were asked to rate the five scaled questionnaire on their subjective images of the streets. Statistical analysis including profile, correlation and T-test are conducted and some findings are discussed